Strabo · c. 64 BC - after AD 21

Geography

Name: Geography
Author: Strabo

Γεωγραφικά

Strabo's Geography is a description of the whole known world in seventeen books, written in Greek under Augustus and Tiberius. Books 1 and 2 discuss Homer as a geographer and the work of earlier scholars; Books 3 to 10 cover Iberia, Gaul, Britain, Italy, Sicily, the lands of the north and Greece with its islands; Books 11 to 16 cover Asia, from the Caucasus and Asia Minor to India, Persia, Syria and Arabia; Book 17 covers Egypt and Libya. At every city Strabo sets down its founders and the myths told about it, and the books on Greece, the Troad and Asia Minor are a main source for the places of Greek legend. This edition uses the Bohn translation by Hamilton and Falconer (1854-1857), which gives the gods and heroes their Latin names (Jupiter, Hercules, Ulysses); our summaries give the Greek name first. Passages are cited by book, chapter and section, the same on both sides.

Read from the start

Text: Greek original with English translation, 376 passages, about 384000 words in English.
Translator: H. C. Hamilton and W. Falconer (1854)
Edition: August Meineke (ed.), Strabonis Geographica, 3 vols., Leipzig: Teubner, 1877 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus)
Cite as: Strabo, Geography 1.1.1 (by book, chapter, section)

Contents · 376 passages

1.1.1–9Homer as the founder of geography1931 words
1.1.10–15Homer's knowledge of the Mediterranean world953 words
1.1.16–23Why geography matters to rulers and generals2479 words
1.2.1–7Eratosthenes on Homer: poetry as instruction2162 words
1.2.8–10Myth as education: Circe, Aea and the Cimmerians1269 words
1.2.11–14Did Odysseus wander near Sicily and Italy?938 words
1.2.15–19Polybius on Aeolus, Scylla and Charybdis1595 words
1.2.20–23Homer on winds, climates, the Nile and Pharos1671 words
1.2.24–27The two Ethiopias: Aristarchus and Crates1550 words
1.2.28–30Ethiopia, the Pygmies and Egyptian Thebes1709 words
1.2.31–32The wanderings of Menelaus1383 words
1.2.33–36Sidonians, Erembi and the myth of Charybdis1796 words
1.2.37–40The Argonauts and the voyage of Jason1092 words
1.3.1–3Eratosthenes' sources and the voyages of the ancients958 words
1.3.4–9Strato and the retreat of the sea2328 words
1.3.10–15Sea levels, Sicily and the argument with Hipparchus1697 words
1.3.16–23Earthquakes, changing coasts and migrations2253 words
1.4.1–9Eratosthenes, Pytheas and the shape of the habitable earth2173 words
2.1.1–9Eratosthenes' map and the Indian writers1418 words
2.1.10–15Meridians, climate and the lands of Bactria1294 words
2.1.16–20Hipparchus on latitude, the Bears and Meroe1796 words
2.1.21–29The third section and the Euphrates2488 words
2.1.30–33How to divide and measure the inhabited earth1372 words
2.1.34–37Hipparchus's geometry against Eratosthenes2085 words
2.1.38–41Eratosthenes and Hipparchus on Europe's coasts1662 words
2.2.1–2.3.3The five zones: Posidonius and Polybius1746 words
2.3.4–5Eudoxus and the voyage round Africa1922 words
2.3.6–8Atlantis, the Cimbrians and Homer's Ethiopians842 words
2.4.1–3Pytheas, Thule and Polybius on Dicaearchus1226 words
2.4.4–8Polybius's errors on Iberia, the Don and Europe1263 words
2.5.1–6What a geographer needs to know2223 words
2.5.7–13Limits of the habitable earth: Meroe to Ierne2310 words
2.5.14–17The shape of the inhabited world: a chlamys1256 words
2.5.18–25The Mediterranean: seas and islands2197 words
2.5.26–30Europe: Iberia, Keltica and Italy1172 words
2.5.31–33Asia and Libya: lands and peoples1152 words
2.5.34–43The climata: day length and shadows by latitude1949 words
3.1.1–5Iberia: shape and the Sacred Promontory1066 words
3.1.6–9Southern Iberia: from the Tagus to Gades976 words
3.2.1–3Turdetania: Corduba, Hispalis and the Guadalquiver735 words
3.2.4–7Turdetania: tidal estuaries, trade and sea-life1549 words
3.2.8–11Iberian mines, Tartessus and Geryon1437 words
3.2.12–15Homer, Odysseus and the west of Iberia1205 words
3.3.1–5The Tagus, Lusitania and the Artabri1207 words
3.3.6–8Lusitanians and mountaineers: arms and customs951 words
3.4.1–5The Mediterranean coast of Iberia and Ulyssea1012 words
3.4.6–9New Carthage, Saguntum, Tarraco and Emporium1064 words
3.4.10–14The Ebro, Keltiberia and Numantia1074 words
3.4.15–18Iberian customs, dress and character1178 words
3.4.19–20Iberia's names and its Roman provinces667 words
3.5.1–2The Balearic islands and the Pityussae584 words
3.5.3–4Gades and the cattle of Geryon591 words
3.5.5–6The Pillars of Heracles1152 words
3.5.7–11Gades: the tidal well, the tides and the Cassiterides1886 words
4.1.1–3Gaul: its peoples and the Narbonnaise1144 words
4.1.4–5Marseilles (Massalia) and its government1045 words
4.1.6–7The Galatic Gulf and the Stony Plain of Heracles997 words
4.1.8–10The mouths of the Rhone and the Riviera coast669 words
4.1.11–12The Rhone valley, Vienne and Nemausus1036 words
4.1.13–14The Tectosages, Toulouse and the gold of Delphi1010 words
4.2.1–3Aquitaine and the Arverni950 words
4.3.1–3Lugdunum, the Rhine and the Helvetii907 words
4.3.4–4.4.1The Rhine peoples, the Ardennes and the Veneti868 words
4.4.2–3The Gauls: character, dress and customs942 words
4.4.4–6Druids, Bards and Vates845 words
4.5.1–5Britain, Ierne and Thule1040 words
4.6.1–4The western Alps: Ligurians and Salyes854 words
4.6.5–7Passes over the Alps, the Po and the Salassi1086 words
4.6.8–10The Rhaeti, Vindelici, Norici and Iapodes875 words
4.6.11–12Roads over the Alps, gold mines and Polybius on the Alps597 words
5.1.1–3Italy: its name and shape995 words
5.1.4–6The Po valley and the Heneti659 words
5.1.7–8Ravenna, Aquileia and the Timavum714 words
5.1.9–10Diomedes among the Heneti and Pola806 words
5.1.11–12Cisalpine cities, roads and produce769 words
5.2.1–2Etruria: Tyrrhenus and the Tarquins738 words
5.2.3–4Caere and the Pelasgians709 words
5.2.5–6Luna, Pisa, Populonia and Aethalia1119 words
5.2.7–8Corsica, Sardinia and the Tyrrhenian coast778 words
5.2.9–10Inland Etruria, Feronia and Umbria854 words
5.3.1The Sabini317 words
5.3.2–3The founding of Rome: Aeneas and Romulus995 words
5.3.4–6Latium's coast, Circe and the Via Appia1466 words
5.3.7–8The city of Rome and the Campus Martius1233 words
5.3.9–10The Latin roads and inland Latium677 words
5.3.11–13Tibur, Praeneste, Nemi and Lake Fucinus1025 words
5.4.1–2Picenum and the Marsian war757 words
5.4.3–4Campania and Cumae729 words
5.4.5–6Avernus, Baiae and Puteoli963 words
5.4.7–8Naples, Vesuvius and the Sirens946 words
5.4.9Pithecussae, Typhon and the volcanic islands454 words
5.4.10–11Capua, Casilinum and the fall of the Samnites527 words
5.4.12–13Samnite origins, Campanian luxury and Paestum876 words
6.1.1–4Leucania: Elea and the Leucani1464 words
6.1.5–6Bruttium to the Strait of Sicily and Rhegium1619 words
6.1.7–10Locri Epizephyrii and the lawgiver Zaleucus1267 words
6.1.11–13Crotona, Milo and Sybaris1059 words
6.1.14–15Siris, Heraclea and Metapontium941 words
6.2.1–2Sicily: its shape, coasts and first Greek cities951 words
6.2.3Messana, Charybdis and Catana at Aetna's foot738 words
6.2.4Syracuse, Ortygia and the Arethusa spring1241 words
6.2.5–7Inland Sicily: Enna, Eryx and the Roman granary772 words
6.2.8–9Mount Aetna, Empedocles and Sicily's springs966 words
6.2.10–11The Lipari Islands and Aeolus1091 words
6.3.1–3Tarentum and its founding by Phalanthus1304 words
6.3.4–6Tarentum's fortunes, Iapygia and Brentesium1145 words
6.3.7–8Roads to Rome and the coast to Barium532 words
6.3.9–11Daunia, Diomedes and Cannae1089 words
6.4.1Why Italy prospered: its natural advantages445 words
6.4.2The rise of Rome and its empire1146 words
7.1.1–5Germany: the Rhine, the Elbe and the Suevi1755 words
7.2.1–4The Cimbri and the unknown north1075 words
7.3.1–5The Getae, the Mysians and Zamolxis1678 words
7.3.6–7Homer's geography: Apollodorus and Eratosthenes1475 words
7.3.8–10The just Scythians, Anacharsis and Dromichaetes1252 words
7.3.11–13The Getae and Dacians under Boerebistas746 words
7.3.14–19The Danube mouths, Dniester and Dnieper coast1415 words
7.4.1–4The Tauric Chersonese and the Bosporus970 words
7.4.5–8The Maeotis, the Don and the Scythian nomads1179 words
7.5.1–2Illyria, Pannonia and the Danube rivers703 words
7.5.3–7The Illyrian coast: Istria to the Ardiaei858 words
7.5.8–12Epidamnus, Apollonia and the Adriatic1147 words
7.6.1–2The Thracian coast to Byzantium990 words
7.7.1–3Barbarian origins of Greece and the Leleges860 words
7.7.4–5The Egnatian Way and the coast of Epirus920 words
7.7.6–7Ambracia, Nicopolis and Actium576 words
7.7.8–9The Epirote and Illyrian tribes, Orestes and Cadmus695 words
7.7.10–7.fragments.3Dodona and its oracle931 words
7.fragments.4–13Macedonia, Paeonia and Orestis: the boundaries803 words
7.fragments.14–19The Peneus, Tempe, Olympus and Orpheus500 words
7.fragments.20–30Pella, Thessalonica and Pallene1076 words
7.fragments.31–37Mount Athos and the Strymonic Gulf1076 words
7.fragments.38–47The Paeonians, Philippi and Abdera475 words
7.fragments.48–55Thrace, Samothrace and the Cabiri726 words
7.fragments.56–58The Hellespont, the Propontis and Byzantium623 words
8.1.1–8.2.3Greek dialects and the shape of the Peloponnese1878 words
8.3.1–6Elis, Ephyra and the Homeric Pylus1369 words
8.3.7–11Three places called Pylus, the Epeii and the Caucones1548 words
8.3.12–16The Alpheius, Samicum and Nestor's Pylus1063 words
8.3.17–20The Caucones, Arene and the healing Anigrus1304 words
8.3.21–25Nestor's kingdom in Homer's list of ships1122 words
8.3.26–29Telemachus's voyage and Nestor's war with Elis1478 words
8.3.30Olympia, the Olympic games and the Zeus of Phidias1106 words
8.3.31–33The Pisatis: Pelops, Salmoneus, Oxylus and Pheidon1279 words
8.4.1–6Messenia: Pylus and the seven cities of Agamemnon1048 words
8.4.7–11Cresphontes, Ithome and the Messenian wars615 words
8.5.1–4Laconia: Taenarum, Sparta and the Helots1014 words
8.5.5–8Sparta's government, Lycurgus and Homer's Lacedaemon1333 words
8.6.1–4The Argolic Gulf: Lerna and Nauplia591 words
8.6.5–9Argos, Danaus and the wells of the Danaids1073 words
8.6.10–13Mycenae, Tiryns and the Cyclopes792 words
8.6.14–18Troezen, Epidaurus and Aegina1405 words
8.6.19–21Mycenae, the Nemean lion and Corinth1255 words
8.6.22–25The Isthmus, Crommyon's sow and the fall of Corinth1386 words
8.7.1–3Achaea: Ionians, Achaeans and drowned Helice1314 words
8.7.4–5The twelve Achaean cities and Aegium1012 words
8.8.1–5Arcadia: mountains, lakes and Stymphalus862 words
9.1.1–8Attica and Megara: Sciron and the Ionian border1381 words
9.1.9–14Salamis, Eleusis and the Thriasian coast818 words
9.1.15–20Athens, the Piraeus and the Acropolis1364 words
9.1.21–24Attic coast: Sunium, Marathon and Attica's mountains705 words
9.2.1–5Boeotia: Cadmus, Thebes and the Dodona tripods1249 words
9.2.6–14Boeotian coast: Aulis, Delium and Amphiaraus1242 words
9.2.15–24Boeotian plains, Lake Copais and Pentheus1581 words
9.2.25–32Helicon, Hesiod and the Muses: Thespiae to Plataeae1277 words
9.2.33–42Onchestus, Lebadeia and Orchomenus of the Minyae1495 words
9.3.1–4Phocis, Parnassus and the Crisaean plain1279 words
9.3.5–8Delphi: the oracle, the navel and the Amphictyons945 words
9.3.9–12Delphi: Neoptolemus, the Python and the Pythian games858 words
9.3.13–17Phocian towns: Daulis, Tityus and Elateia808 words
9.4.1–9Locris: Opus, Cynus and the Locri Ozolae1080 words
9.4.10–17The Doric Tetrapolis, Oeta and Thermopylae861 words
9.4.18–9.5.4Thessaly: its plains, Tempe and the Peneius620 words
9.5.5–9Phthia and Hellas: the land of Achilles1366 words
9.5.10–14Phthiotic towns, the Dolopes and the Malian coast1010 words
9.5.15–16Iolcus, Pagasae and the Argo: Magnesia and Scyrus671 words
9.5.17–18Tricca, Asclepius and Phoenix of Ormenium968 words
9.5.19–20Lapiths, Centaurs and the many Larisas963 words
9.5.21–23The Magnetes, Sepias and the names of Thessaly1011 words
10.1.1–7Euboea: names, Histiaea and Carystus1001 words
10.1.8–16Euboea: Chalcis, Eretria and the plain of Lelantum1402 words
10.2.1–6Aetolia and Acarnania: the Achelous and Calydon780 words
10.2.7–9Leucas and the Lover's Leap518 words
10.2.10–13Ithaca and the Cephallenians of Odysseus1272 words
10.2.14–18Cephallenia, Taphos and Zacynthus910 words
10.2.19–20The Echinades and Heracles' fight with the Achelous587 words
10.2.21–23The coast of Acarnania and Aetolia619 words
10.2.24–26Early Acarnania: Cephalus, Icarius and Alcmaeon853 words
10.3.1–6The Curetes of Aetolia and Pleuron1485 words
10.3.7–8The Curetes as divine attendants639 words
10.3.9–12Orgiastic worship: Dionysus, Rhea and the infant Zeus801 words
10.3.13–18Dionysus, Cybele and Thracian rites in the poets1015 words
10.3.19–23Corybantes, Cabeiri and Idaean Dactyls1227 words
10.4.1–5Crete: position, size and mountains571 words
10.4.6–10Crete: peoples, Cnossus and Minos1147 words
10.4.11–14Gortyna, Cydonia, Dicte and Phaestus640 words
10.4.15–19Crete's cities, laws and Lycurgus1389 words
10.4.20–22Cretan customs: marriage, youth troops and abduction845 words
10.5.1Thera, Melos and the islands of the Cretan sea268 words
10.5.2–5Delos: birthplace of Apollo and Artemis629 words
10.5.6–13Ceos, Paros, Myconus and Seriphus750 words
10.5.14–19The Sporades: Nisyrus, Carpathus and Calydnae615 words
11.1.1–7Asia within the Taurus: how Strabo divides it935 words
11.2.1–11The Tanais, Lake Maeotis and the Cimmerian Bosporus1527 words
11.2.12–16Achaei, Zygi and Heniochi: the Caucasus coast to Dioscurias1113 words
11.2.17–19Colchis: the Phasis and the Golden Fleece760 words
11.3.1–6Iberia in the Caucasus: land, passes and classes683 words
11.4.1–8Albania on the Caspian: customs, Moon worship and Jason1215 words
11.5.1–4The Amazons and the Gargarenses795 words
11.5.5–8The Caucasus, Prometheus and the Siraci and Aorsi652 words
11.6.1–11.7.1The Caspian Sea and the Scythians beyond it834 words
11.7.2–5Hyrcania, the Oxus and Alexander's invented Tanais893 words
11.8.1–5The Sacae, Dahae and the origin of the Sacaea festival876 words
11.8.6–9The Massagetae and the road distances to Bactra779 words
11.9.1–3Parthia and the rise of the Parthian kings612 words
11.10.1–11.11.2Aria, Margiana and the Greek kingdom of Bactria496 words
11.11.3–6Bactria and Sogdiana: Alexander's cities and the rivers875 words
11.11.7–8The shape of northern Asia and the customs of its tribes764 words
11.12.1–5The Taurus, Euphrates and Tigris: framework for Media and Armenia949 words
11.13.1–5Media, Atropatene and Antony's Parthian campaign709 words
11.13.6–8Media: its borders, Median horses and tribute611 words
11.13.9–11Median customs and the legacy of Medeia and Jason551 words
11.14.1–5Armenia: borders, rivers and mountains844 words
11.14.6–11Armenia: Artaxata, lakes, mines and horses689 words
11.14.12–14Armenus, Jason and the origin of the Armenians521 words
11.14.15–16Armenia under Tigranes and the cult of Anaitis615 words
12.1.1–12.2.2Cappadocia: boundaries and provinces871 words
12.2.3–6Comana in Cataonia and the river Pyramus896 words
12.2.7–9Tyana, Mazaca and Mount Argaeus1026 words
12.2.10–12.3.5Cappadocia's resources; Pontus and its neighbours1340 words
12.3.6–10Heracleia, Paphlagonia and Amastris1173 words
12.3.11–14Sinope, the Halys and Amisus995 words
12.3.15–19Themiscyra of the Amazons, Trapezus and the Chalybes916 words
12.3.20–25Homer's Halizoni and Alybe1664 words
12.3.26–27Did Homer know the Black Sea coast?955 words
12.3.28–31Lesser Armenia, Phanaroea and Cabeira986 words
12.3.32–37Comana in Pontus and Zela1393 words
12.3.38–39Amaseia, Strabo's native city804 words
12.3.40–42Pompeiopolis and inland Paphlagonia559 words
12.4.1–3Bithynia: Chalcedon, Nicomedia and Hylas506 words
12.4.4–10Mysia, Phrygia and Nicaea1060 words
12.5.1–4Galatia and Pessinus757 words
12.6.1–5Lycaonia, Isauria and Amyntas699 words
12.7.1–3Pisidia and Selge759 words
12.8.1–7Mysians, Phrygians and early migrations1274 words
12.8.8–9Mount Olympus and the brigand Cleon432 words
12.8.10–12Cyzicus and the Dindymene temple698 words
12.8.13–15Greater Phrygia: Synnada and Apameia596 words
12.8.16–21Laodiceia, earthquakes and the Maeander1126 words
13.1.1–6The Troad: boundaries and the Aeolian migration1354 words
13.1.7–9Priam's kingdom and Homer's Trojan dynasties1037 words
13.1.10–19The Aesepus coast: Priapus, Adrasteia, Parium1349 words
13.1.20–23Abydos, Sestos and the Hellespont875 words
13.1.24–27Dardania, Plato's three cities, and the new Ilium1435 words
13.1.28–32The Troad coast: Rhoeteium, Sigeium and the Achaean camp580 words
13.1.33–37The plain of Troy and where Homer's city stood1405 words
13.1.38–42The fall of Troy and the war for Sigeium1062 words
13.1.43–45Mount Ida and the rivers Scamander and Aesepus815 words
13.1.46–48Tenedos, Chrysa and Apollo Smintheus625 words
13.1.49–51The Gulf of Adramyttium, the Leleges and the judgement of Paris736 words
13.1.52–55Scepsis: Aeneas and Aristotle's library1258 words
13.1.56–59Assus, Andeira and the Leleges639 words
13.1.60–65Thebe, Chrysa and the Cilicians of the Troad1063 words
13.1.66–68Adramyttium, Atarneus, Pitane and the Caicus563 words
13.1.69–70Teuthrania: Auge, Telephus and Eurypylus500 words
13.2.1–3Lesbos: Mitylene, Pittacus, Alcaeus and Sappho646 words
13.2.4–6Lesbos: Eressus, Methymna, Arion and Terpander474 words
13.3.1–2Homer's Catalogue: the Leleges, Cilicians and Pelasgi751 words
13.3.3–4Larisa and Cyme: the Pelasgi and Piasus344 words
13.3.5–6The Aeolian cities of the mainland: Cyme and Hesiod674 words
13.4.1–3Pergamum and the Attalid kings938 words
13.4.4–5Sardes, Tmolus and the Pactolus434 words
13.4.6–7Homer's Hyde, the Arimi and the bed of Typhon444 words
13.4.8–11Sardes after the Cimmerians, and the burnt land of Catacecaumene635 words
13.4.12–13Mount Tmolus, the Mesogis and the mixed peoples of the interior316 words
13.4.14–15Hierapolis and the Plutonium, and Antioch on the Maeander534 words
13.4.16–17The Solymi, Bellerophon and Cibyra337 words
14.1.1–4Ionia: the twelve cities and their founders930 words
14.1.5–13Miletus and the oracle at Didyma1089 words
14.1.14–19Samos and Icaria: Polycrates and Icarus1100 words
14.1.20–26Ephesus and the temple of Artemis1563 words
14.1.27–34Colophon, Clarus, Teos and Erythrae1150 words
14.1.35–38Chios, Clazomenae and Smyrna928 words
14.1.39–41Magnesia on the Maeander738 words
14.1.42–48Tralles, Nysa and the Plutonium998 words
14.2.1–4Caria: the coast opposite Rhodes and Caunus602 words
14.2.5–13Rhodes: city, Colossus and Telchines1555 words
14.2.14–21Cnidus, Halicarnassus and Cos1312 words
14.2.22–26Inland Caria: Mylasa, Stratoniceia and Alabanda1077 words
14.2.27–28The Carians and Homer's barbarophonoi906 words
14.2.29Road distances from Caria and Ephesus eastward357 words
14.3.1–3Lycia: the Lycian League and the pirates635 words
14.3.4–10Lycia: the Chimaera, Patara and the Solymi805 words
14.4.1–3Pamphylia: Attaleia, Perge and Aspendus356 words
14.5.1–2Cilicia Tracheia and the rise of piracy627 words
14.5.3–7The Cilician coast to Seleucia and Corycus934 words
14.5.8–10Soli, Sardanapalus and the priesthood of Teucer460 words
14.5.11–15Tarsus and its philosophers1154 words
14.5.16–21Mallus, Mopsus and Amphilochus; Issus614 words
14.5.22–23Apollodorus on the peninsula and Homer's allies718 words
14.5.24–29Homer's unknown peoples: Halizoni, Phrygians, Ascania1410 words
14.6.1–3Cyprus: the island and its cities1093 words
14.6.4–6Cyprus: mines, forests and Roman rule532 words
15.1.1–5India: why the accounts disagree596 words
15.1.6–10Heracles and Dionysus in India970 words
15.1.11–15India: boundaries, rivers and Taprobane954 words
15.1.16–20India: rains, floods, rice and cane1388 words
15.1.21–25India: great trees and the Nile compared1269 words
15.1.26–31Alexander in India: Taxila and Porus1697 words
15.1.32–38The Indus, Patalene and Palibothra1581 words
15.1.39–45Indian castes, elephants and gold-digging ants1776 words
15.1.46–56India: magistrates, king and customs1825 words
15.1.57–62Indian fables and the Brachmanes1976 words
15.1.63–68Calanus and Mandanis, the Indian sages1683 words
15.1.69–73India: festivals, Pramnae and Zarmanochegas813 words
15.2.1–7Ariana, the Ichthyophagi and Gedrosia1521 words
15.2.8–10Ariana: boundaries and Alexander's route929 words
15.2.11–14Nearchus's voyage and Carmania929 words
15.3.1–6Persis and Susa1230 words
15.3.7–12The tomb of Cyrus and the heat of Susis1151 words
15.3.13–24Persian religion, customs and empire1885 words
16.1.1–4Assyria, Nineveh and Semiramis613 words
16.1.5–8Babylon: walls, hanging garden and Chaldaeans771 words
16.1.9–13The Euphrates, the Tigris and the canals of Babylonia1447 words
16.1.14–16Babylonia: palm, naphtha and Seleuceia599 words
16.1.17–19Susiana's neighbours: Cossaei, Elymaei and Adiabene672 words
16.1.20Assyrian and Babylonian customs434 words
16.1.21–26Mesopotamia: the land between the rivers640 words
16.1.27–28The desert road to Babylon and Parthia590 words
16.2.1–5Syria, Seleucis and Antioch627 words
16.2.6–9Daphne, the Orontes and the Typhon legend709 words
16.2.10–11Apameia and the Syrian interior597 words
16.2.12–15Aradus and the northern Phoenician coast636 words
16.2.16–21Coele-Syria: Libanus, Byblus and Damascus768 words
16.2.22–24Sidon and Tyre: Phoenician cities672 words
16.2.25–33From Ptolemais to Pelusium: Joppa and Gaza1026 words
16.2.34–37Judaea and Moses670 words
16.2.38–39Divine law, oracles and prophets384 words
16.2.40–41Pompey takes Jerusalem; Jericho and its balsam411 words
16.2.42–46The Dead Sea, Sodom and Herod829 words
16.3.1–7The Persian Gulf and the coast of Arabia Felix1015 words
16.4.1–4Arabia Felix: Minaei, Sabaeans and Gulf coast981 words
16.4.5–8The Red Sea coast of Troglodytica789 words
16.4.9–12Hunters and eaters of the Ethiopian coast865 words
16.4.13–16The aromatic coast, rhinoceros and giraffe1350 words
16.4.17The Troglodytae and neighbouring Ethiopians376 words
16.4.18The Arabian shore of the Gulf, nomads and gold799 words
16.4.19–20The Sabaeans and why the sea is called Red642 words
16.4.21–24Petra and the expedition of Aelius Gallus1614 words
16.4.25–26Customs of Arabia Felix and the Nabataeans833 words
16.4.27Homer's Sidonians, Erembi and Arimi458 words
17.1.1–3The Nile and the land of Egypt1278 words
17.1.4–5The Delta and the cause of the Nile flood1440 words
17.1.6–7Alexandria: Pharos and the harbours1006 words
17.1.8–10Alexandria: the Museum and Alexander's tomb1048 words
17.1.11–13The Ptolemies, Cleopatra and Roman Egypt1382 words
17.1.14–15The coast west of Alexandria and lake Mareotis651 words
17.1.16–19Canobus and the mouths of the Nile1036 words
17.1.20–26The eastern Delta, Pelusium and the Red Sea canal1064 words
17.1.27–30Heliopolis and the plan of Egyptian temples959 words
17.1.31–34Memphis, Apis and the pyramids957 words
17.1.35–37Lake Moeris and the Labyrinth1311 words
17.1.38–41Crocodiles, ichneumons and animal worship633 words
17.1.42–44Abydos, the oracle of Ammon and Tentyra945 words
17.1.45–47Coptos, the desert road and Thebes863 words
17.1.48–52Syene, Elephantine, Philae and the cataract937 words
17.1.53–54Petronius, Candace and the Ethiopians968 words
17.2.1–3Ethiopia and the people of Meroë907 words
17.2.4–5Egyptian plants, fish, animals and customs720 words
17.3.1–3Africa: Mauretania and the Pillars893 words
17.3.4–8Mauretania: land, peoples and kings1335 words
17.3.9–12The Masaesylii, Juba's kingdom and the Roman wars1109 words
17.3.13–15Carthage: Dido, Byrsa and its fall894 words
17.3.16–19From Carthage to the Syrtis: the lotus-eaters899 words
17.3.20–23The Great Syrtis and Cyrene1520 words
17.3.24–25The Roman Empire and its provinces741 words

English translation by H. C. Hamilton and W. Falconer (1854). Original text: August Meineke (ed.), Strabonis Geographica, 3 vols., Leipzig: Teubner, 1877 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Geography

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