̔η δʼ Ἀπάμεια καὶ πόλιν ἔχει τὸ πλέον εὐερκῆ· λόφος γάρ ἐστιν ἐν πεδίῳ κοίλῳ τετειχισμένος καλῶς, ὃν ποιεῖ χερρονησίζοντα ὁ Ὀρόντης καὶ λίμνη περικειμένη μεγάλη καὶ ἕλη πλατέα λειμῶνάς τε βουβότους καὶ ἱπποβότους διαχεομένους ὑπερβάλλοντας τὸ μέγεθος· ἥ τε δὴ πόλις οὕτως ἀσφαλῶς κεῖται (καὶ δὴ καὶ Χερρόνησος ἐκλήθη διὰ τὸ συμβεβηκός) καὶ χώρας εὐπορεῖ παμπόλλης εὐδαίμονος, διʼ ἧς ὁ Ὀρόντης ῥεῖ· καὶ περιπόλια συχνὰ ἐν ταύτῃ. ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ ὁ Νικάτωρ Σέλευκος τοὺς πεντακοσίους ἐλέφαντας ἔτρεφε καὶ τὸ πλέον τῆς στρατιᾶς καὶ οἱ ὕστερον βασιλεῖς. ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ καὶ Πέλλα ποτὲ ὑπὸ τῶν πρώτων Μακεδόνων διὰ τὸ τοὺς πλείστους τῶν Μακεδόνων ἐνταῦθα οἰκῆσαι τῶν στρατευομένων, τὴν δὲ Πέλλαν ὥσπερ μητρόπολιν γεγονέναι τῶν Μακεδόνων τὴν Φιλίππου καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου πατρίδα. ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὸ λογιστήριον τὸ στρατιωτικὸν καὶ τὸ ἱπποτροφεῖον, θήλειαι μὲν ἵπποι βασιλικαὶ πλείους τῶν τρισμυρίων, ὀχεῖα δὲ τούτων τριακόσια· ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ πωλοδάμναι καὶ ὁπλομάχοι καὶ ὅσοι παιδευταὶ τῶν πολεμικῶν ἐμισθοδοτοῦντο. δηλοῖ δὲ τὴν δύναμιν ταύτην ἥ τε τοῦ Τρύφωνος ἐπικληθέντος Διοδότου παραύξησις καὶ ἐπίθεσις τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν Σύρων, ἐντεῦθεν ὁρμηθέντος. ἐγεγένητο μὲν γὰρ ἐν Κασιανοῖς, φρουρίῳ τινὶ τῆς Ἀπαμέων γῆς, τραφεὶς δʼ ἐν τῇ Ἀπαμείᾳ καὶ συσταθεὶς τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὐτόν, ἐπειδὴ νεωτερίζειν ὥρμησεν, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ταύτης ἔσχε τὰς ἀφορμὰς καὶ τῶν περιοικίδων, Λαρίσης τε καὶ τῶν Κασιανῶν καὶ Μεγάρων καὶ Ἀπολλωνίας καὶ ἄλλων τοιούτων, αἳ συνετέλουν εἰς τὴν Ἀπάμειαν ἅπασαι· ἐκεῖνός τε δὴ βασιλεὺς τῆσδε τῆς χώρας ἀνεδείχθη καὶ ἀντέσχε πολὺν χρόνον, Βάσσος τε Καικίλιος μετὰ δυεῖν ταγμάτων ἀποστήσας τὴν Ἀπάμειαν διεκαρτέρησε τοσοῦτον χρόνον πολιορκούμενος ὑπὸ δυεῖν στρατοπέδων μεγάλων Ῥωμαϊκῶν ὥστʼ οὐ πρότερον εἰς τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἧκε πρὶν ἑκὼν ἐνεχείρισεν ἑαυτὸν ἐφʼ οἷς ἐβεβούλητο· καὶ γὰρ τὴν στρατιὰν ἀπέτρεφεν ἡ χώρα καὶ συμμάχων εὐπόρει τῶν πλησίον φυλάρχων ἐχόντων εὐερκῆ χωρία· ὧν ἐστι καὶ ἡ Λυσιάς, ὑπὲρ τῆς λίμνης κειμένη τῆς πρὸς Ἀπαμείᾳ, καὶ Ἀρέθουσα ἡ Σαμψικεράμου καὶ Ἰαμβλίχου τοῦ ἐκείνου παιδός, φυλάρχων τοῦ Ἐμισηνῶν ἔθνους· οὐ πόρρω δʼ οὐδʼ Ἡλιούπολις καὶ Χαλκὶς ἡ ὑπὸ Πτολεμαίῳ τῷ Μενναίου τῷ τὸν Μασσύαν κατέχοντι καὶ τὴν Ἰτουραίων ὀρεινήν. τῶν δὲ συμμαχούντων τῷ Βάσσῳ ἦν καὶ Ἀλχαίδαμνος, ὁ τῶν Ῥαμβαίων βασιλεὺς τῶν ἐντὸς τοῦ Εὐφράτου νομάδων· ἦν δὲ φίλος Ῥωμαίων, ἀδικεῖσθαι δὲ νομίσας ὑπὸ τῶν ἡγεμόνων, ἐκπεσὼν εἰς τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν ἐμισθοφόρει τότε τῷ Βάσσῳ. ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἐστὶ Ποσειδώνιος ὁ στωικός, ἀνὴρ τῶν καθʼ ἡμᾶς φιλοσόφων πολυμαθέστατος.
In the district of Apameia is a city well fortified in almost every part. For it consists of a well-fortified hill, situated in a hollow plain, and almost surrounded by the Orontes, which, passing by a large lake in the neighbourhood, flows through wide-spread marshes and meadows of vast extent, affording pasture for cattle and horses. The city is thus securely situated, and received the name Cherrhonesus (or the peninsula) from the nature of its position. It is well supplied from a very large fertile tract of country, through which the Orontes flows with numerous windings. Seleucus Nicator, and succeeding kings, kept there five hundred elephants, and the greater part of their army.
It was formerly called Pella by the first Macedonians, because most of the soldiers of the Macedonian army had settled there; for Pella, the native place of Philip and Alexander, was held to be the metropolis of the Macedonians. Here also the soldiers were mustered, and the breed of horses kept up. There were in the royal stud more than thirty thousand brood mares and three hundred stallions. Here were employed colt-breakers, instructors in the method of fighting in heavy armour, and all who were paid to teach the arts of war.
The power Trypho, surnamed Diodotus, acquired is a proof of the influence of this place; for when he aimed at the empire of Syria, he made Apameia the centre of his operations. He was born at Casiana, a strong fortress in the Apameian district, and educated in Apameia; he was a favourite of the king and the persons about the court. When he attempted to effect a revolution in the state, he obtained his supplies from Apameia and from the neighbouring cities, Larisa, Casiana, Megara, Apollonia, and others like them, all of which were reckoned to belong to the district of Apameia. He was proclaimed king of this country, and maintained his sovereignty for a long time. Caecilius Bassus, at the head of two legions, caused Apameia to revolt, and was besieged by two large Roman armies, but his resistance was so vigorous and long that he only surrendered voluntarily and on his own conditions. For the country supplied his army with provisions, and a great many of the chiefs of the neighbouring tribes were his allies, who possessed strongholds, among which was Lysias, situated above the lake, near Apameia, Arethusa, belonging to Sampsiceramus and Iamblichus his son, chiefs of the tribe of the Emeseni. At no great distance were Heliopolis and Chalcis, which were subject to Ptolemy, son of Mennaeus, who possessed the Massyas and the mountainous country of the Ituraeans. Among the auxiliaries of Bassus was Alchaedamnus, king of the Rhambaei, a tribe of the Nomades on this side of the Euphrates. He was a friend of the Romans, but, considering himself as having been unjustly treated by their governors, he retired to Mesopotamia, and then became a tributary of Bassus. Poseidonius the Stoic was a native of this place, a man of the most extensive learning among the philosophers of our times.
̔́ομορος δʼ ἐστὶ τῇ Ἀπαμέων πρὸς ἕω μὲν ἡ τῶν φυλάρχων Ἀράβων καλουμένη Παραποταμία καὶ ἡ Χαλκιδικὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ Μασσύου καθήκουσα καὶ πᾶσα ἡ πρὸς νότον τοῖς Ἀπαμεῦσιν, ἀνδρῶν σκηνιτῶν τὸ πλέον· παραπλήσιοι δʼ εἰσὶ τοῖς ἐν τῇ Μεσοποταμίᾳ νομάσιν· ἀεὶ δʼ οἱ πλησιαίτεροι τοῖς Σύροις ἡμερώτεροι καὶ ἧττον Ἄραβες καὶ σκηνῖται, ἡγεμονίας ἔχοντες συντεταγμένας μᾶλλον, καθάπερ ἡ Σαμψικεράμου καὶ ἡ Γαμβάρου καὶ ἡ Θέμελλα καὶ ἄλλων τοιούτων.
The tract called Parapotamia, belonging to the Arab chiefs, and Chalcidica, extending from the Massyas, border upon the district of Apameia on the east; and nearly all the country further to the south of Apameia belongs to the Scenitae, who resemble the Nomades of Mesopotamia. In proportion as the nations approach the Syrians they become more civilized, while the Arabians and Scenitae are less so. Their governments are better constituted [as that of Arethusa under Sampsiceramus, that of Themella under Gambarus, and other states of this kind].
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