̔η δὲ Συρία πρὸς ἄρκτον μὲν ἀφώρισται τῇ Κιλικίᾳ καὶ τῷ Ἀμανῷ· ἀπὸ θαλάττης δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ ζεῦγμα τοῦ Εὐφράτου στάδιοί εἰσιν οἱ τὸ λεχθὲν πλευρὸν ἀφορίζοντες οὐκ ἐλάττους τῶν τετρακοσίων· πρὸς ἕω δὲ τῷ Εὐφράτῃ καὶ τοῖς ἐντὸς τοῦ Εὐφράτου σκηνίταις Ἄραψι· πρὸς δὲ νότον τῇ εὐδαίμονι Ἀραβίᾳ καὶ τῇ Αἰγύπτῳ· πρὸς δύσιν δὲ τῷ Αἰγυπτίῳ τε καὶ Συριακῷ πελάγει μέχρι Ἰσσοῦ.
SYRIA is bounded on the north by Cilicia and the mountain Amanus; from the sea to the bridge on the Euphrates (that is, from the Issic Bay to the Zeugma in Commagene) is a distance of 1400 stadia, and forms the above-mentioned (northern) boundary; on the east it is bounded by the Euphrates and the Arabian Scenitae, who live on this side the Euphrates; on the south, by Arabia Felix and Egypt; on the west, by the Egyptian and Syrian Seas as far as Issus.
μέρη δʼ αὐτῆς τίθεμεν ἀπὸ τῆς Κιλικίας ἀρξάμενοι καὶ τοῦ Ἀμανοῦ τήν τε Κομμαγηνὴν καὶ τὴν Σελευκίδα καλουμένην τῆς Συρίας, ἔπειτα τὴν κοίλην Συρίαν, τελευταίαν δʼ ἐν μὲν τῇ παραλίᾳ τὴν Φοινίκην, ἐν δὲ τῇ μεσογαίᾳ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν. ἔνιοι δὲ τὴν Συρίαν ὅλην εἴς τε Κοιλοσύρους καὶ Φοίνικας διελόντες τούτοις ἀναμεμῖχθαί φασι τέτταρα ἔθνη, Ἰουδαίους Ἰδουμαίους Γαζαίους Ἀζωτίους, γεωργικοὺς μέν, ὡς τοὺς Σύρους καὶ Κοιλοσύρους, ἐμπορικοὺς δέ, ὡς τοὺς Φοίνικας.
Beginning from Cilicia and Mount Amanus, we set down as parts of Syria, Commagene, and the Seleucis of Syria, as it is called, then Coele-Syria, lastly, on the coast, Phoenicia, and in the interior, Judaea. Some writers divide the whole of Syria into Coelo-Syrians, Syrians, and Phoenicians, and say that there are intermixed with these four other nations, Jews, Idumaeans, Gazaeans, and Azotii, some of whom are husbandmen, as the Syrians and Coelo-Syrians, and others merchants, as the Phoenicians.
καθόλου μὲν οὕτω, καθʼ ἕκαστα δὲ ἡ Κομμαγηνὴ μικρά τίς ἐστιν· ἔχει δʼ ἐρυμνὴν πόλιν Σαμόσατα ἐν ᾗ τὸ βασίλειον ὑπῆρχε, νῦν δʼ ἐπαρχία γέγονε· χώρα δὲ περίκειται σφόδρα εὐδαίμων, ὀλίγη . ἐνταῦθα δὲ νῦν ἐστι τὸ ζεῦγμα τοῦ Εὐφράτου· κατὰ τοῦτο δὲ Σελεύκεια ἵδρυται φρούριον τῆς Μεσοποταμίας προσωρισμένον ὑπὸ Πομπηίου τῷ Κομμαγηνῷ, ἐν ᾧ τὴν Σελήνην ἐπικληθεῖσαν Κλεοπάτραν Τιγράνης ἀνεῖλε, καθείρξας χρόνον τινὰ ἡνίκα τῆς Συρίας ἐξέπεσεν.
This is the general description [of Syria].
In describing it in detail, we say that Commagene is rather a small district. It contains a strong city, Samosata, in which was the seat of the kings. At present it is a (Roman) province. A very fertile but small territory lies around it. Here is now the Zeugma, or bridge, of the Euphrates, and near it is situated Seleuceia, a fortress of Mesopotamia, assigned by Pompey to the Commageneans. Here Tigranes confined in prison for some time and put to death Selene, surnamed Cleopatra, after she was dispossessed of Syria.
̔η δὲ Σελευκὶς ἀρίστη μέν ἐστι τῶν λεχθεισῶν μερίδων, καλεῖται δὲ τετράπολις καὶ ἔστι κατὰ τὰς ἐξεχούσας ἐν αὐτῇ πόλεις, ἐπεὶ πλείους γέ εἰσι, μέγισται δὲ τέτταρες, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ καὶ Σελεύκεια ἡ ἐν Πιερίᾳ καὶ Ἀπάμεια δὲ καὶ Λαοδίκεια, αἵπερ καὶ ἐλέγοντο ἀλλήλων ἀδελφαὶ διὰ τὴν ὁμόνοιαν, Σελεύκου τοῦ Νικάτορος κτίσματα· ἡ μὲν οὖν μεγίστη τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπώνυμος, ἡ δʼ ἐρυμνοτάτη αὐτοῦ, αἱ δʼ ἄλλαι ἡ μὲν Ἀπάμεια τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ Ἀπάμας, ἡ δὲ Λαοδίκεια τῆς μητρός. οἰκείως δὲ τῇ τετραπόλει καὶ εἰς σατραπείας διῄρητο τέτταρας ἡ Σελευκίς, ὥς φησι Ποσειδώνιος, εἰς ὅσας καὶ ἡ κοίλη Συρία, * εἰς μίαν δʼ ἡ Μεσοποταμία. ἔστι δʼ ἡ μὲν Ἀντιόχεια καὶ αὕτη τετράπολις, ἐκ τεττάρων συνεστῶσα μερῶν· τετείχισται δὲ καὶ κοινῷ τείχει καὶ ἰδίῳ καθʼ ἕκαστον τὸ κτίσμα· τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον αὐτῶν ὁ Νικάτωρ συνῴκισε μεταγαγὼν ἐκ τῆς Ἀντιγονείας τοὺς οἰκήτορας, ἣν πλησίον ἐτείχισεν Ἀντίγονος ὁ Φιλίππου μικρὸν πρότερον, τὸ δὲ δεύτερον τοῦ πλήθους τῶν οἰκητόρων ἐστὶ κτίσμα, τὸ δὲ τρίτον Σελεύκου τοῦ Καλλινίκου, τὸ δὲ τέταρτον Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Ἐπιφανοῦς.
Seleucis is the best of the above-mentioned portions of Syria. It is called and is a Tetrapolis, and derives its name from the four distinguished cities which it contains; for there are more than four cities, but the four largest are Antioch Epidaphne, Seleuceia in Pieria, Apameia, and Laodiceia. They were called Sisters from the concord which existed between them. They were founded by Seleucus Nicator. The largest bore the name of his father, and the strongest his own. Of the others, Apameia had its name from his wife Apama, and Laodiceia from his mother.
In conformity with its character of Tetrapolis, Seleucis, according to Poseidonius, was divided into four satrapies; Coele-Syria into the same number, but [Commagene, like] Mesopotamia, consisted of one.
Antioch also is a Tetrapolis, consisting (as the name implies) of four portions, each of which has its own, and all of them a common wall.
[Seleucus] Nicator founded the first of these portions, transferring thither settlers from Antigonia, which a short time before Antigonus, son of Philip, had built near it. The second was built by the general body of settlers; the third by Seleucus, the son of Callinicus; the fourth by Antiochus, the son of Epiphanes.
καὶ δὴ καὶ μητρόπολίς ἐστιν αὕτη τῆς Συρίας, καὶ τὸ βασίλειον ἐνταῦθα ἵδρυτο τοῖς ἄρχουσι τῆς χώρας· οὐ πολύ τε λείπεται καὶ δυνάμει καὶ μεγέθει Σελευκείας τῆς ἐπὶ τῷ Τίγρει καὶ Ἀλεξανδρείας τῆς πρὸς Αἰγύπτῳ. συνῴκισε δʼ ὁ Νικάτωρ ἐνταῦθα καὶ τοὺς ἀπογόνους Τριπτολέμου, περὶ οὗ μικρὸν πρόσθεν ἐμνήσθημεν· διόπερ Ἀντιοχεῖς ὡς ἥρωα τιμῶσι, καὶ ἄγουσιν ἑορτὴν ἐν τῷ Κασίῳ ὄρει τῷ περὶ Σελεύκειαν. φασὶ δʼ αὐτὸν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων πεμφθέντα ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰοῦς ζήτησιν, ἐν Τύρῳ πρῶτον ἀφανοῦς γενηθείσης, πλανᾶσθαι κατὰ τὴν Κιλικίαν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ τινας Ἀργείων κτίσαι τὴν Ταρσὸν ἀπελθόντας παρʼ αὐτοῦ· τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους συνακολουθήσαντας εἰς τὴν ἑξῆς παραλίαν, ἀπογνόντας τῆς ζητήσεως ἐν τῇ ποταμίᾳ τοῦ Ὀρόντου καταμεῖναι σὺν αὐτῷ· τὸν μὲν οὖν υἱὸν τοῦ Τριπτολέμου Γόρδυν ἔχοντά τινας τῶν σὺν τῷ πατρὶ λαῶν εἰς τὴν Γορδυαίαν ἀποικῆσαι, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τοὺς ἀπογόνους συνοίκους γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἀντιοχεῦσιν.
Antioch is the metropolis of Syria. A palace was constructed there for the princes of the country. It is not much inferior in riches and magnitude to Seleuceia on the Tigris and Alexandreia in Egypt.
[Seleucus] Nicator settled here the descendants of Triptolemus, whom we have mentioned a little before. On this account the people of Antioch regard him as a hero, and celebrate a festival to his honour on Mount Casius near Seleuceia. They say that when he was sent by the Argives in search of Io, who first disappeared at Tyre, he wandered through Cilicia; that some of his Argive companions separated from him and founded Tarsus; that the rest attended him along the sea-coast, and, relinquishing their search, settled with him on the banks of the Orontes; that Gordys the son of Triptolemus, with some of those who had accompanied his father, founded a colony in Gordyaea, and that the descendants of the rest became settlers among the inhabitants of Antioch.
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