τί δὲ δεῖ τῶν ποιητῶν θαυμάζειν, καὶ μάλιστα τῶν τοιούτων οἷς ἡ πᾶσα περὶ τὴν φράσιν ἐστὶ σπουδή, τὰ τοῦ Δαμάστου συγκρίνοντας, ὅστις τῆς νήσου τὸ μῆκος ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων πρὸς μεσημβρίαν ἀποδίδωσιν, ἀπὸ Ἱεροκηπίας, ὥς φησιν, εἰς Κλεῖδας; οὐδὲ ὁ Ἐρατοσθένης εὖ· αἰτιώμενος γὰρ τοῦτον οὐκ ἀπʼ ἄρκτων φησὶν εἶναι τὴν Ἱεροκηπίαν, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ νότου· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπὸ νότου, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ δύσεως, εἴπερ ἐν τῇ δυσμικῇ πλευρᾷ κεῖται, ἐν ᾗ καὶ ἡ Πάφος καὶ ὁ Ἀκάμας.
But why should we be surprised at poets, and those particularly who study modes of expression only, when we compare them with Damastes? The latter gives the length of the island from north to south, from Hierocepia, as he says, to Cleides.
Nor does even Eratosthenes give it exactly. For, when he censures Damastes, he says that Hierocepia is not on the north, but on the south. Yet neither is it on the south, but on the west, since it lies on the western side, where are situated Paphos and Acamas.
Such then is the position of Cyprus.
διάκειται μὲν οὕτως ἡ Κύπρος τῇ θέσει. κατʼ ἀρετὴν δʼ οὐδεμιᾶς τῶν νήσων λείπεται· καὶ γὰρ εὔοινός ἐστι καὶ εὐέλαιος σίτῳ τε αὐτάρκει χρῆται· μέταλλά τε χαλκοῦ ἐστιν ἄφθονα τὰ ἐν Ταμασσῷ, ἐν οἷς τὸ χαλκανθὲς γίνεται καὶ ὁ ἰὸς τοῦ χαλκοῦ, πρὸς τὰς ἰατρικὰς δυνάμεις χρήσιμα. φησὶ δʼ Ἐρατοσθένης τὸ παλαιὸν ὑλομανούντων τῶν πεδίων ὥστε κατέχεσθαι δρυμοῖς καὶ μὴ γεωργεῖσθαι, μικρὰ μὲν ἐπωφελεῖν πρὸς τοῦτο τὰ μέταλλα δενδροτομούντων πρὸς τὴν καῦσιν τοῦ χαλκοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀργύρου, προσγενέσθαι δὲ καὶ τὴν ναυπηγίαν τῶν στόλων ἤδη πλεομένης ἀδεῶς τῆς θαλάττης καὶ μετὰ δυνάμεων· ὡς δʼ οὐκ ἐξενίκων, ἐπιτρέψαι τοῖς βουλομένοις καὶ δυναμένοις ἐκκόπτειν καὶ ἔχειν ἰδιόκτητον καὶ ἀτελῆ τὴν διακαθαρθεῖσαν γῆν.
It is not inferior in fertility to any one of the islands, for it produces good wine and oil, and sufficient corn to supply the wants of the inhabitants. At Tamassus there are abundant mines of copper, in which the calcanthus is found, and rust of copper, useful for its medicinal properties.
Eratosthenes says, that anciently the plains abounded with timber, and were covered with forests, which prevented cultivation; the mines were of some service towards clearing the surface, for trees were cut down to smelt the copper and silver. Besides this, timber was required for the construction of fleets, as the sea was now navigated with security and by a large naval force; but when even these means were insufficient to check the growth of timber in the forests, permission was given to such as were able and inclined, to cut down the trees and to hold the land thus cleared as their own property, free from all payments.
πρότερον μὲν οὖν κατὰ πόλεις ἐτυραννοῦντο οἱ Κύπριοι, ἀφʼ οὗ δʼ οἱ Πτολεμαϊκοὶ βασιλεῖς κύριοι τῆς Αἰγύπτου κατέστησαν, εἰς ἐκείνους καὶ ἡ Κύπρος περιέστη συμπραττόντων πολλάκις καὶ τῶν Ῥωμαίων. ἐπεὶ δʼ ὁ τελευταῖος ἄρξας Πτολεμαῖος, ἀδελφὸς τοῦ Κλεοπάτρας πατρὸς τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς βασιλίσσης, ἔδοξε πλημμελής τε εἶναι καὶ ἀχάριστος εἰς τοὺς εὐεργέτας, ἐκεῖνος μὲν κατελύθη, Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ κατέσχον τὴν νῆσον, καὶ γέγονε στρατηγικὴ ἐπαρχία καθʼ αὑτήν. μάλιστα δʼ αἴτιος τοῦ ὀλέθρου κατέστη τῷ βασιλεῖ Πόπλιος Κλαύδιος Ποῦλχερ· ἐμπεσὼν γὰρ εἰς τὰ λῃστήρια, τῶν Κιλίκων ἀκμαζόντων τότε, λύτρον αἰτούμενος ἐπέστειλε τῷ βασιλεῖ δεόμενος πέμψαι καὶ ῥύσασθαι αὐτόν· ὁ δʼ ἔπεμψε μὲν μικρὸν δὲ τελέως ὥστε καὶ τοὺς λῃστὰς αἰδεσθῆναι λαβεῖν ἀλλὰ ἀναπέμψαι πάλιν, τὸν δʼ ἄνευ λύτρων ἀπολῦσαι. σωθεὶς δʼ ἐκεῖνος ἀπεμνημόνευσεν ἀμφοτέροις τὴν χάριν, καὶ γενόμενος δήμαρχος ἴσχυσε τοσοῦτον ὥστε ἐπέμφθη Μάρκος Κάτων ἀφαιρησόμενος τὴν Κύπρον τὸν κατέχοντα. ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὖν ἔφθη διαχειρισάμενος αὑτόν, Κάτων δʼ ἐπελθὼν παρέλαβε τὴν Κύπρον καὶ τὴν βασιλικὴν οὐσίαν διέθετο καὶ τὰ χρήματα εἰς τὸ δημόσιον ταμιεῖον τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐκόμισεν· ἐξ ἐκείνου δʼ ἐγένετο ἐπαρχία ἡ νῆσος καθάπερ καὶ νῦν ἐστι στρατηγική· ὀλίγον δὲ χρόνον τὸν μεταξὺ Ἀντώνιος Κλεοπάτρᾳ καὶ τῇ ἀδελφῇ αὐτῆς Ἀρσινόῃ παρέδωκε, καταλυθέντος δὲ ἐκείνου συγκατελύθησαν καὶ αἱ διατάξεις αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι.
Formerly the Cyprian cities were governed by tyrants, but from the time that the Ptolemaic kings were masters of Egypt, Cyprus also came into their power, the Romans frequently affording them assistance. But when the last Ptolemy that was king, brother of the father of Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt in our time, had conducted himself in a disorderly manner, and was ungrateful to his benefactors, he was deposed, and the Romans took possession of the island, which became a Praetorian province by itself.
The chief author of the deposition of the king was Pub. Claudius Pulcher, who having fallen into the hands of the Cilician pirates, at that time at the height of their power, and a ransom being demanded of him, despatched a message to the king, entreating him to send it for his release. The king sent a ransom, but of so small an amount, that the pirates disdained to accept it, and returned it, but they dismissed Pulcher without any payment. After his escape, he remembered what he owed to both parties; and when he became tribune of the people, he had sufficient influence to have Marcus Cato sent to deprive the king of the possession of Cyprus. The latter put himself to death before the arrival of Cato, who, coming soon afterwards, took possession of Cyprus, sold the king’s property, and conveyed the money to the public treasury of the Romans.
From this time the island became, as it is at present, a Praetorian province. During a short intervening period Antony had given it to Cleopatra and her sister Arsinoë, but upon his death all his arrangements were annulled.
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