ταῦτʼ εἰπὼν περὶ τῶν Τρωγλοδυτῶν καὶ τῶν προσχώρων Αἰθιόπων ἐπάνεισιν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἄραβας· καὶ πρώτους ἔπεισι τοὺς τὸν Ἀράβιον κόλπον ἀφορίζοντας καὶ ἀντικειμένους τοῖς Τρωγλοδύταις, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ Ποσειδίου. φησὶ δὲ ἐνδοτέρω κεῖσθαι τοῦτο τοῦ μυχοῦ· συνεχῆ δὲ τοῦ Ποσειδίου φοινικῶνα εἶναι εὔυδρον, τιμᾶσθαί τε κομιδῆ διὰ τὸ πᾶσαν τὴν κύκλῳ καυματηράν τε καὶ ἄνυδρον καὶ ἄσκιον ὑπάρχειν, ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὴν εὐκαρπίαν τῶν φοινίκων εἶναι θαυμαστήν· προεστήκασι δὲ τοῦ ἄλσους ἀνὴρ καὶ γυνὴ διὰ γένους ἀποδεδειγμένοι δερματοφόροι, τροφὴν ἀπὸ τῶν φοινίκων ἔχοντες· κοιτάζονται δʼ ἐπὶ δένδρων καλυβοποιησάμενοι διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν θηρίων. εἶθʼ ἑξῆς ἔστι νῆσος φωκῶν, ἀπὸ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν θηρίων τούτων ὠνομασμένη. πλησίον δʼ αὐτῆς ἀκρωτήριον, ὃ διατείνει πρὸς τὴν Πέτραν τὴν τῶν Ναβαταίων καλουμένων Ἀράβων καὶ τὴν Παλαιστίνην χώραν, εἰς ἣν Μιναῖοί τε καὶ Γερραῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ πλησιόχωροι τὰ τῶν ἀρωμάτων φορτία κομίζουσιν. εἶτʼ ἄλλη παραλία πρότερον μὲν Μαρανιτῶν καλουμένη, ὧν οἳ μὲν ἦσαν γεωργοὶ τινὲς δὲ σκηνῖται, νῦν δὲ Γαρινδαίων ἀνελόντων ἐκείνους δόλῳ· ἐπέθεντο γὰρ αὐτοῖς πενταετηρικήν τινα πανήγυριν ἐπιτελοῦσι, καὶ τούτους τε διέφθειραν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπελθόντες ἄρδην διελυμήναντο. εἶθʼ ὁ Αἰλανίτης κόλπος καὶ ἡ Ναβαταίων, πολύανδρος οὖσα χώρα καὶ εὔβοτος· οἰκοῦσι δὲ καὶ νήσους προκειμένας πλησίον· οἳ πρότερον μὲν καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ἦσαν, ὕστερον δὲ σχεδίαις ἐλῄζοντο τοὺς ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου πλέοντας· δίκας δʼ ἔτισαν ἐπελθόντος στόλου καὶ ἐκπορθήσαντος αὐτούς. ἑξῆς δʼ ἐστὶ πεδίον εὔδενδρόν τε καὶ εὔυδρον καὶ βοσκημάτων παντοίων μεστὸν ἄλλων τε καὶ ἡμιόνων· καὶ καμήλων ἀγρίων καὶ ἐλάφων καὶ δορκάδων πλῆθος ἐν αὐτῷ, λέοντές τε καὶ παρδάλεις καὶ λύκοι συχνοί. πρόκειται δὲ νῆσος καλουμένη Δία· εἶτα κόλπος ὅσον πεντακοσίων σταδίων ὄρεσι περικλειόμενος καὶ δυσεισβόλῳ στόματι· περιοικοῦσι δὲ θηρευτικοὶ ἄνδρες τῶν χερσαίων ἀγρευμάτων. εἶτʼ ἔρημοι τρεῖς νῆσοι πλήρεις ἐλαιῶν, οὐ τῶν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐντοπίων, ἃς καλοῦμεν Αἰθιοπικάς, ὧν τὸ δάκρυον καὶ ἰατρικῆς δυνάμεώς ἐστιν. ἐφεξῆς δʼ ἐστὶν αἰγιαλὸς λιθώδης, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον τραχεῖα καὶ δυσπαράπλευστος ὅσον χιλίων σταδίων παραλία σπάνει λιμένων καὶ ἀγκυροβολίων· ὄρος γὰρ παρατείνει τραχὺ καὶ ὑψηλόν· εἶθʼ ὑπώρειαι σπιλαδώδεις μέχρι τῆς θαλάττης, τοῖς ἐτησίαις μάλιστα καὶ ταῖς τότε ἐπομβρίαις ἀβοήθητον παρέχουσαι τὸν κίνδυνον. ἑξῆς δʼ ἐστὶ κόλπος νήσους ἔχων σποράδας, καὶ συνεχῶς θῖνες ψάμμου μελαίνης τρεῖς ἄγαν ὑψηλοί, καὶ μετὰ τούτους Χαρμοθᾶς λιμὴν ὅσον σταδίων τὸν κύκλον ἑκατόν, στενὸν καὶ ἐπικίνδυνον ἔχων τὸν εἴσπλουν παντὶ σκάφει, ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ ποταμὸς εἰς αὐτόν· ἐν μέσῳ δὲ νῆσος εὔδενδρος καὶ γεωργήσιμος. εἶτʼ ἐστὶ παραλία τραχεῖα καὶ μετὰ ταύτην κόλποι τινὲς καὶ χώρα νομάδων ἀπὸ καμήλων ἐχόντων τὸν βίον· καὶ γὰρ πολεμοῦσιν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ ὁδεύουσι καὶ τρέφονται τῷ τε γάλακτι χρώμενοι καὶ ταῖς σαρξί. ῥεῖ δὲ ποταμὸς διʼ αὐτῶν ψῆγμα χρυσοῦ καταφέρων, οὐκ ἴσασι δʼ αὐτὸ κατεργάζεσθαι· καλοῦνται δὲ Δέβαι, οἱ μὲν νομάδες οἱ δὲ καὶ γεωργοί. οὐ λέγω δὲ τῶν ἐθνῶν τὰ ὀνόματα τὰ πολλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀδοξίαν καὶ ἅμα ἀτοπίαν τῆς ἐκφορᾶς αὐτῶν. ἐχόμενοι δʼ εἰσὶν ἡμερώτεροι τούτων ἄνδρες εὐκρατοτέραν οἰκοῦντες γῆν· καὶ γὰρ εὔυδρός ἐστι καὶ εὔομβρος· χρυσός τε ὀρυκτὸς γίνεται παρʼ αὐτοῖς οὐ ψήγματος ἀλλὰ βωλαρίων χρυσοῦ καθάρσεως οὐ πολλῆς δεομένων, μέγεθος δʼ ἐχόντων ἐλάχιστον μὲν πυρῆνος μέσον δὲ μεσπίλου μέγιστον δὲ καρύου· τηρήσαντες δὲ ταῦτα ἐναλλὰξ λίθοις διαφανέσιν ὅρμους ποιοῦνται διείροντες λίνον, περιτίθενται δὲ περὶ τοὺς τραχήλους καὶ καρπούς· πωλοῦσι δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀστυγείτονας εὔωνον τὸν χρυσόν, τριπλάσιον ἀντιδιδόντες τοῦ χαλκοῦ, διπλάσιον δὲ τοῦ * ἀργύρου, διά τε τὴν ἀπειρίαν τῆς ἐργασίας καὶ τὴν σπάνιν τῶν ἀντιλαμβανομένων, ὧν ἡ χρεία πρὸς τοὺς βίους ἀναγκαιοτέρα.
Having given this account of the Troglodytae and of the neighbouring Ethiopians, Artemidorus returns to the Arabians. Beginning from Poseidium, he first describes those who border upon the Arabian Gulf, and are opposite to the Troglodytae. He says that Poseidium is situated within the bay of [Heroopolis], and that contiguous to Poseidium is a grove of palm trees, well supplied with water, which is highly valued, because all the district around is burnt up and is without water or shade. But there the fertility of the palm is prodigious. A man and a woman are appointed by hereditary right to the guardianship of the grove. They wear skins, and live on dates. They sleep in huts built on trees, the place being infested with multitudes of wild beasts.
Next is the island of Phocae (Seals), which has its name from those animals, which abound there. Near it is a promontory, which extends towards Petra, of the Arabians called Nabataei, and to the country of Palestine, to this [island] the Minaei, Gerrhaei, and all the neighbouring nations repair with loads of aromatics.
Next is another tract of sea-coast, formerly called the coast of the Maranitae, some of whom were husbandmen, others Scenitae; but at present it is occupied by Garindaei, who destroyed the former possessors by treachery. They attacked those who were assembled to celebrate some quinquennial festival, and put them to death; they then attacked and exterminated the rest of the tribe.
Next is the Aelanitic Gulf and Nabataea, a country well peopled, and abounding in cattle. The islands which lie near, and opposite, are inhabited by people who formerly lived without molesting others, but latterly carried on a piratical warfare in rafts against vessels on their way from Egypt. But they suffered reprisals, when an armament was sent out against them, which devastated their country.
Next is a plain, well wooded and well supplied with water; it abounds with cattle of all kinds, and, among other animals, mules, wild camels, harts, and hinds; lions also, leopards, and wolves are frequently to be found. In front lies an island called Dia. Then follows a bay of about 500 stadia in extent, closed in by mountains, the entrance into which is of difficult access. About it live people who are hunters of wild animals.
Next are three desert islands, abounding with olive trees, not like those in our own country, but an indigenous kind, which we call Ethiopic olives, the tears (or gum) of which have a medicinal virtue.
Then follows a stony beach, which is succeeded by a rugged coast, not easily navigated by vessels, extending about 1000 stadia. It has few harbours and anchorages, for a rugged and lofty mountain stretches parallel to it; then the parts at its base, extending into the sea, form rocks under water, which, during the blowing of the Etesian winds and the storms of that period, present dangers, when no assistance can be afforded to vessels.
Next is a bay in which are some scattered islands, and continuous with the bay, are three very lofty mounds of black sand. After these is Charmothas a harbour, about 100 stadia in circumference, with a narrow entrance very dangerous for all kinds of vessels. A river empties itself into it. In the middle is a well-wooded island, adapted for cultivation.
Then follows a rugged coast, and after that are some bays and a country belonging to Nomades, who live by their camels. They fight from their backs; they travel upon them, and subsist on their milk and flesh. A river flows through their country, which brings down gold-dust, but they are ignorant how to make any use of it. They are called Debae; some of them are Nomades, others husbandmen.
I do not mention the greater part of the names of these nations, on account of the obscurity of the people, and because the pronunciation of them is strange [and uncouth].
Near these people is a nation more civilized, who inhabit a district with a more temperate climate ; for it is well watered, and has frequent showers. Fossil gold is found there, not in the form of dust, but in lumps, which do not require much purification. The least pieces are of the size of a nut, the middle size of a medlar, the largest of a walnut. These are pierced and arranged alternately with transparent stones strung on threads and formed into collars. They are worn round the neck and wrists. They sell the gold to their neighbours at a cheap rate, exchanging it for three times the quantity of brass, and double the quantity of iron, through ignorance of the mode of working the gold, and the scarcity of the commodities received in exchange, which are more necessary for the purposes of life.
Cite This Text