τοῦ δὲ ποιητοῦ λέγοντος Αἰθίοπάς θʼ ἱκόμην καὶ Σιδονίους καὶ Ἐρεμβούς, διαποροῦσι· καὶ περὶ τῶν Σιδονίων μέν, εἴτε τινὰς χρὴ λέγειν τῶν ἐν τῷ Περσικῷ κόλπῳ κατοικούντων, ὧν ἄποικοι οἱ παρʼ ἡμῖν Σιδώνιοι, καθάπερ καὶ Τυρίους τινὰς ἐκεῖ νησιώτας ἱστοροῦσι καὶ Ἀραδίους, ὧν ἀποίκους τοὺς παρʼ ἡμῖν φασιν, εἴτʼ αὐτοὺς τοὺς Σιδωνίους· ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον περὶ τῶν Ἐρεμβῶν ἡ ζήτησις, εἴτε τοὺς Τρωγλοδύτας ὑπονοητέον λέγεσθαι, καθάπερ οἱ τὴν ἐτυμολογίαν βιαζόμενοι ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰς τὴν ἔραν ἐμβαίνειν, ὅπερ ἐστὶν εἰς τὴν γῆν, εἴτε τοὺς Ἄραβας. ὁ μὲν οὖν Ζήνων ὁ ἡμέτερος μεταγράφει οὕτως καὶ Σιδονίους Ἄραβάς τε. πιθανώτερον δὲ Ποσειδώνιος γράφει τῷ παρὰ μικρὸν ἀλλάξαι καὶ Σιδονίους καὶ Ἀραμβούς, ὡς τοῦ ποιητοῦ τοὺς νῦν Ἄραβας οὕτω καλέσαντος, καθάπερ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ὠνομάζοντο κατʼ αὐτόν. φησὶ δὲ ταῦτα τρία ἔθνη συνεχῆ ἀλλήλοις ἱδρυμένα ὁμογένειάν τινα ἐμφαίνειν πρὸς ἄλληλα, καὶ διὰ το παρακειμένοις ὀνόμασι κεκλῆσθαι, τοὺς μὲν Ἀρμενίους τοὺς δὲ Ἀραμαίους τοὺς δὲ Ἀραμβούς· ὥσπερ δὲ ἀπὸ ἔθνους ὑπολαμβάνειν ἐστὶν εἰς τρία διῃρῆσθαι κατὰ τὰς τῶν κλιμάτων διαφορὰς ἀεὶ καὶ μᾶλλον ἐξαλλαττομένων, οὕτω καὶ τοῖς ὀνόμασι χρήσασθαι πλείοσιν ἀνθʼ ἑνός. οὐδʼ οἱ Ἐρεμνοὺς γράφοντες πιθανοί· τῶν γὰρ Αἰθιόπων μᾶλλον ἴδιον. λέγει δὲ καὶ τοὺς Ἀρίμους ὁ ποιητής, οὕς φησι Ποσειδώνιος δέχεσθαι δεῖν μὴ τόπον τινὰ τῆς Συρίας ἢ τῆς Κιλικίας ἢ ἄλλης τινὸς γῆς, ἀλλὰ τὴν Συρίαν αὐτήν· Ἀραμαῖοι γὰρ οἱ ἐν αὐτῇ· τάχα δʼ οἱ Ἕλληνες Ἀριμαίους ἐκάλουν ἢ Ἀρίμους. αἱ δὲ τῶν ὀνομάτων μεταπτώσεις καὶ μάλιστα τῶν βαρβαρικῶν πολλαί· καθάπερ τὸν Δαριήκην Δαρεῖον ἐκάλεσαν, τὴν δὲ Φάρζιριν Παρύσατιν, Ἀταργάτιν δὲ τὴν Ἀθάραν· Δερκετὼ δʼ αὐτὴν Κτησίας καλεῖ. τῆς δὲ τῶν Ἀράβων εὐδαιμονίας καὶ Ἀλέξανδρον ἄν τις ποιήσαιτο μάρτυρα τὸν διανοηθέντα, ὥς φασι, καὶ βασίλειον αὐτὴν ποιήσασθαι μετὰ τὴν ἐξ Ἰνδῶν ἐπάνοδον. πᾶσαι μὲν οὖν αἱ ἐπιχειρήσεις αὐτοῦ κατελύθησαν τελευτήσαντος παραχρῆμα τὸν βίον· μία δʼ οὖν καὶ αὕτη τῶν ἐπιχειρήσεων ἦν, εἰ μὲν ἑκόντες παραδέχοιντο αὐτόν, εἰ δὲ μή, ὡς πολεμήσοντος· καὶ δὴ ὁρῶν μήτε πρότερον μήθʼ ὕστερον πέμψαντας ὡς αὐτὸν πρέσβεις, παρεσκευάζετο πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον, ὥσπερ εἰρήκαμεν ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν.
When the poet says, I went to the country of the Ethiopians, Sidonians, and Erembi, it is doubtful, what people he means by Sidonians, whether those who lived near the Persian Gulf, a colony from which nation are the Sidonians in our quarter (in the same manner as historians relate, that some Tyrian islanders are found there, and Aradii, from whom the Aradii in our country derive their origin), or whether the poet means actually the Sidonians themselves.
But there is more doubt about the Erembi, whether we are to suppose that he means the Troglodytae, according to the opinion of those who, by a forced etymology, derive the word Erembi from ἔραν ἐμβαίνειν, that is, entering into the earth, or whether he means the Arabians. Zeno the philosopher of our sect alters the reading in this manner, And Sidoni, and Arabes; but Poseidonius alters it with a small variation, And Sidonii, and Arambi, as if the poet gave the name Arambi to the present Arabians, from their being so called by others in his time. He says also, that the situation of these three nations close to one another indicates a descent from some common stock, and that on this account they are called by names having a resemblance to one another, as Armenii, Aramaei, Arambi. For as we may suppose one nation to have been divided into three (according to the differences of latitude [in which they lived], which successively became more marked [in proceeding from one to the other]), so in like manner we may suppose that several names were adopted in place of one. The proposed change of reading to Eremni is not probable, for that name is more applicable to the Ethiopians. The poet mentions also the Arimi, whom Poseidonius says are meant here, and not a place in Syria or Cilicia, or any other country, but Syria itself. For the Aramaei lived there. Perhaps these are the people whom the Greeks called Arimaei or Arimi. But the alterations of names, especially of barbarous nations, are frequent, Thus Darius was called Darieces; Parysatis, Pharziris; Athara, Atargata, whom Ctesias again calls Derceto.
Alexander might be adduced to bear witness to the wealth of the Arabians, for he intended, it is said, after his return from India, to make Arabia the seat of empire. All his enterprises terminated with his death, which happened suddenly; but certainly one of his projects was to try whether the Arabians would receive him voluntarily, or resist him by force of arms; for having found that they did not send ambassadors to him, either before or after his expedition to India, he was beginning to make preparations for war, as we have said in a former part of this work.
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