τῶν δὲ προκειμένων νήσων τῆς Ἰβηρίας τὰς μὲν Πιτυούσσας δύο καὶ τὰς Γυμνησίας δύο (καλοῦσι καὶ Βαλιαρίδας) προκεῖσθαι συμβαίνει τῆς μεταξὺ Ταρράκωνος καὶ Σούκρωνος παραλίας, ἐφʼ ἧς ἵδρυται τὸ Σάγουντον· εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ πελάγιαι, * μᾶλλον αἱ Πιτυοῦσσαι καὶ πρὸς ἑσπέραν κεκλιμέναι τῶν Γυμνησίων. καλεῖται δʼ αὐτῶν ἡ μὲν Ἔβουσος πόλιν ἔχουσα ὁμώνυμον· κύκλος δὲ τῆς νήσου τετρακόσιοι στάδιοι, παρώμαλος τὸ πλάτος καὶ τὸ μῆκος· ἡ δὲ Ὀφιοῦσσα ἔρημος καὶ πολὺ ἐλάττων ταύτης πλησίον κειμένη. τῶν δὲ Γυμνησίων ἡ μὲν μείζων ἔχει δύο πόλεις, Πάλμαν καὶ Πολεντίαν, τὴν μὲν πρὸς ἕω κειμένην τὴν Πολεντίαν, τὴν δʼ ἑτέραν πρὸς δύσιν. μῆκος δὲ τῆς νήσου μικρὸν ἀπολεῖπον τῶν ἑξακοσίων σταδίων, πλάτος δὲ διακοσίων· Ἀρτεμίδωρος δὲ διπλάσιον εἴρηκε καὶ τὸ πλάτος καὶ τὸ μῆκος. ἡ δʼ ἐλάττων ὡς ἑβδομήκοντα τῆς Πολεντίας διέχει σταδίους· κατὰ μέγεθος μὲν οὖν πολὺ τῆς μείζονος ἀπολείπεται, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἀρετὴν οὐδὲν αὐτῆς χείρων ἐστίν· ἄμφω γὰρ εὐδαίμονες καὶ εὐλίμενοι, χοιραδώδεις δὲ κατὰ τὰ στόματα, ὥστε δεῖν προσοχῆς τοῖς εἰσπλέουσι. διὰ δὲ τὴν ἀρετὴν τῶν τόπων καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες εἰρηναῖοι, καθάπερ καὶ οἱ κατὰ τὴν Ἔβουσον. κακούργων δέ τινων ὀλίγων κοινωνίας συστησαμένων πρὸς τοὺς ἐν τοῖς πελάγεσι λῃστάς, διεβλήθησαν ἅπαντες, καὶ διέβη Μέτελλος ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ὁ Βαλιαρικὸς προσαγορευθείς, ὅστις καὶ τὰς πόλεις ἔκτισε. διὰ δὲ τὴν αὐτὴν ἀρετὴν ἐπιβουλευόμενοι, καίπερ εἰρηναῖοι ὄντες, ὅμως σφενδονῆται ἄριστοι λέγονται· καὶ τοῦτʼ ἤσκησαν, ὥς φασι, διαφερόντως ἐξ ὅτου Φοίνικες κατέσχον τὰς νήσους. οὗτοι δὲ καὶ ἐνδῦσαι λέγονται πρῶτοι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους χιτῶνας πλατυσήμους […] ἄζωστοι δʼ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἐξῄεσαν, αἰγίδα περὶ τῇ χειρὶ ἔχοντες * ἢ πεπυρακτωμένον ἀκόντιον, σπάνιον δὲ καὶ λελογχωμένον σιδήρῳ μικρῷ. σφενδόνας δὲ περὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ τρεῖς μελαγκρανίνας ἢ τριχίνας ἢ νευρίνας, τὴν μὲν μακρόκωλον πρὸς τὰς μακροβολίας, τὴν δὲ βραχύκωλον πρὸς τὰς ἐν βραχεῖ βολάς, τὴν δὲ μέσην πρὸς τὰς μέσας. ἠσκοῦντο δʼ ἐκ παίδων οὕτως ταῖς σφενδόναις ὥστʼ οὐδʼ ἄλλως τοῖς παισὶν ἄρτον ἐδίδοσαν ἄνευ τοῦ τῇ σφενδόνῃ τυχεῖν. διόπερ ὁ Μέτελλος προσπλέων πρὸς τὰς νήσους δέρρεις ἔτεινεν ὑπὲρ τῶν καταστρωμάτων σκέπην πρὸς τὰς σφενδόνας. εἰσήγαγε δὲ ἐποίκους τρισχιλίους τῶν ἐκ τῆς Ἰβηρίας Ῥωμαίων.
OF the islands which are situated in front of Iberia, two named the Pityussae, and two the Gymnasiae, (also called the Baleares,) are situated on the sea-coast between Tarraco and [the river] Xucar, on which Saguntum is built. The Pityussae are situated farther in the high seas and more to the West than the Gymnasiae. One of the Pityusse is called Ebusus, having a city of the same name. This island is 400 stadia in circumference, and nearly equal in its breadth and length. The other, [named] Orpheus, is situated near to this, but’s desert, and much smaller. The larger of the Gymnasiae contains two cities, Palma, and Polentia; the latter lying towards the east, the former towards the west. The length of this island is scarcely less than 600 stadia, its breadth 200; although Artemidorus asserts it is twice this size both in breadth and length. The smaller island is about [2]70 stadia distant from Polentia; in size it is far surpassed by the larger island, but in excellence it is by no means inferior, for both of them are very fertile, and furnished with harbours. At the mouths of these however there are rocks rising but a little out of the water, which renders attention necessary in entering them. The fertility of these places inclines the inhabitants to peace, as also the people of Ebusus. But certain malefactors, though few in number, having associated with the pirates in those seas, they all got a bad name, and Metellus, surnamed Balearicus, marched against them. He it was who built the cities. But owing to the great fertility of the country, these people have always had enemies plotting against them. Although naturally disposed to peace, they bear the reputation of being most excellent slingers, which art they have been proficient in since the time that the Phoenicians possessed the islands. It is said that these were the first who introduced amongst the men [of the Baleares] the custom of wearing tunics with wide borders. They were accustomed to go into battle naked, having a shield covered with goat-skin in their hand, and a javelin hardened by fire at the point, very rarely with an iron tip, and wearing round the head three slings of black rush, hair, or sinew. The long sling they use for hitting at far distances, the short one for near marks, and the middle one for those between. From childhood they were so thoroughly practised in the use of slings, that bread was never distributed to the children till they had won it by the sling. On this account Metellus, when he was approaching the islands, spread pelts over the decks as a shelter from the slings. He introduced [into the country 3000 Roman colonists from Spain.
πρὸς δὲ τῇ εὐκαρπίᾳ τῆς γῆς καὶ τὸ μηδὲν τῶν σινομένων θηρίων εὑρίσκεσθαι ῥᾳδίως ἐνταῦθα πρόσεστιν· οὐδὲ γὰρ τοὺς λαγιδεῖς ἐπιχωρίους εἶναί φασιν, ἀλλὰ κομισθέντων ἐκ τῆς περαίας ὑπό τινος ἄρρενος καὶ θηλείας γενέσθαι τὴν ἐπιγονήν, ἣ τοσαύτη κατʼ ἀρχὰς ὑπῆρχεν ὥστε καὶ οἴκους ἀνατρέπειν ἐκ τῆς ὑπονομῆς καὶ δένδρα, καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους, ὥσπερ εἶπον, ἀναγκασθῆναι καταφυγεῖν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους. νῦν μέντοι τὸ εὐμεταχείριστον τῆς θήρας ἐπικρατεῖν οὐκ ἐᾷ τὴν βλάβην, ἀλλὰ λυσιτελῶς οἱ ἔχοντες καρποῦνται τὴν γῆν.
In addition to the fruitfulness of the land, noxious animals are rarely to be met with. Even the rabbits, they say, were not indigenous, but that a male and female having been introduced by some one from the opposite continent, from thence the whole stock sprung, which formerly was so great a nuisance that even houses and trees were overturned, [being undermined] by their warrens, and the inhabitants were compelled, as we have related, to resort for refuge to the Romans. However, at the present day the facility with which these animals are taken, prevents them from doing injury, consequently those who possess land cultivate it with advantage. These [islands] are on this side of what are called the Pillars of Hercules.
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