μετὰ δὲ τοὺς Ἐλουηττίους Σηκοανοὶ καὶ Μεδιοματρικοὶ κατοικοῦσι τὸν Ῥῆνον, ἐν οἷς ἵδρυται Γερμανικὸν ἔθνος περαιωθὲν ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας Τρίβοκχοι. ἐν δὲ τοῖς Σηκοανοῖς ἐστι τὸ ὄρος ὁ Ἰουράσιος, διορίζει δʼ Ἐλουηττίους καὶ Σηκοανούς. ὑπὲρ οὖν τῶν Ἐλουηττίων καὶ τῶν Σηκοανῶν Αἴδουοι καὶ Λίγγονες οἰκοῦσι πρὸς δύσιν, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν Μεδιοματρικῶν Λεῦκοι καὶ τῶν Λιγγόνων τι μέρος. τὰ δὲ μεταξὺ ἔθνη τοῦ τε Λίγηρος καὶ τοῦ Σηκοάνα ποταμοῦ τὰ πέραν τοῦ Ῥοδανοῦ τε καὶ τοῦ Ἄραρος παράκειται πρὸς ἄρκτον τοῖς τε Ἀλλόβριξι καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὸ Λούγδουνον· τούτων δʼ ἐπιφανέστατόν ἐστι τὸ τῶν Ἀρουέρνων καὶ τὸ τῶν Καρνούτων, διʼ ὧν ἀμφοῖν ἐνεχθεὶς ὁ Λίγηρ εἰς τὸν ὠκεανὸν ἔξεισι. δίαρμα δʼ ἐστὶν εἰς τὴν Βρεττανικὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ποταμῶν τῆς Κελτικῆς εἴκοσι καὶ τριακόσιοι στάδιοι· ὑπὸ γὰρ τὴν ἄμπωτιν ἀφʼ ἑσπέρας ἀναχθέντες τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ περὶ ὀγδόην ὥραν καταίρουσιν εἰς τὴν νῆσον. μετὰ δὲ τοὺς Μεδιοματρικοὺς καὶ Τριβόκχους παροικοῦσι τὸν Ῥῆνον Τρήουιροι, καθʼ οὓς πεποίηται τὸ ζεῦγμα ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων νυνὶ τῶν στρατηγούντων τὸν Γερμανικὸν πόλεμον. πέραν δὲ ᾤκουν Οὔβιοι κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν τόπον, οὓς μετήγαγεν Ἀγρίππας ἑκόντας εἰς τὴν ἐντὸς τοῦ Ῥήνου. Τρηουίροις δὲ συνεχεῖς Νέρουιοι, καὶ τοῦτο Γερμανικὸν ἔθνος· τελευταῖοι δὲ Μενάπιοι πλησίον τῶν ἐκβολῶν ἐφʼ ἑκάτερα τοῦ ποταμοῦ κατοικοῦντες ἕλη καὶ δρυμοὺς οὐχ ὑψηλῆς ἀλλὰ πυκνῆς ὕλης καὶ ἀκανθώδους. κατὰ τούτους δʼ ἵδρυνται Σούγαμβροι Γερμανοί. πάσης δʼ ὑπέρκεινται τῆς ποταμίας ταύτης οἱ Σόηβοι προσαγορευόμενοι Γερμανοὶ καὶ δυνάμει καὶ πλήθει διαφέροντες τῶν ἄλλων, ὑφʼ ὧν οἱ ἐξελαυνόμενοι κατέφευγον εἰς τὴν ἐντὸς τοῦ Ῥήνου νυνί· καὶ ἄλλοι δὲ κατʼ ἄλλους τόπους δυναστεύουσι καὶ διαδέχονται τὰ ζώπυρα τοῦ πολέμου τῶν πρώτων ἀεὶ καταλυομένων.
After the Helvetii, the Sequani and Mediornatrici dwell along the Rhine, amongst whom are the Tribocchi, a German nation who emigrated from their country hither. Mount Jura, which is in the country of the Sequani, separates that people from the Helvetii. To the west, above the Helvetii and Sequani, dwell the Aedui and Lingones; the Leuci and a part of the Lingones dwelling above the Mediomatrici. The nations between the Loire and the Seine, and beyond the Rhone and the Saone, are situated to the north near to the Allobroges, and the parts about Lyons. The most celebrated amongst them are the Arverni and Carnutes, through both of whose territories the Loire flows before discharging itself into the ocean. The distance from the rivers of Keltica to Britain is 320 stadia; for departing in the evening with the ebb tide, you will arrive on the morrow at the island about the eighth hour. After the Mediomatrici and Tribocchi, the Treviri inhabit along the Rhine; in their country the Roman generals now engaged in the German war have constructed a bridge. Opposite this place on the other bank of the river dwelt the Ubii, whom Agrippa with their own consent brought over to this side the Rhine. The Nervii, another German nation, are contiguous to the Treviri; and last the Menapii, who inhabit either bank of the river near to its outlets; they dwell amongst marshes and forests, not lofty, but consisting of dense and thorny wood. Near to these dwell the Sicambri, who are likewise Germans. The country next the whole [eastern] bank is inhabited by the Suevi, who are also named Germans, but are superior both in power and number to the others, whom they drove out, and who have now taken refuge on this side the Rhine. Other tribes have sway in different places; they are successively a prey to the flames of war, the former inhabitants for the most part being destroyed.
τῶν δὲ Τρηουίρων καὶ Νερουίων Σένονες καὶ Ῥῆμοι πρὸς ἑσπέραν οἰκοῦσιν, ἔτι δʼ Ἀτρεβάτιοι καὶ Ἐβούρωνες· τοῖς Μεναπίοις δʼ εἰσὶ συνεχεῖς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ Μορῖνοι καὶ Βελλοάκοι καὶ Ἀμβιανοὶ καὶ Σουεσσίωνες καὶ Κάλετοι μέχρι τῆς ἐκβολῆς τοῦ Σηκοάνα ποταμοῦ. ἐμφερὴς δʼ ἐστὶ τῇ τῶν Μεναπίων ἥ τε τῶν Μορίνων καὶ ἡ τῶν Ἀτρεβατίων καὶ Ἐβουρώνων· ὕλη γάρ ἐστιν οὐχ ὑψηλῶν δένδρων πολλὴ μὲν οὐ τοσαύτη δὲ ὅσην οἱ συγγραφεῖς εἰρήκασι, τετρακισχιλίων σταδίων, καλοῦσι δʼ αὐτὴν Ἀρδουένναν· κατὰ δὲ τὰς πολεμικὰς ἐφόδους συμπλέκοντες τὰς τῶν θάμνων λύγους βατώδεις οὔσας ἀπέφραττον τὰς παρόδους. ἔστι δʼ ὅπου καὶ σκόλοπας κατέπηττον, αὐτοὶ δὲ κατέδυνον εἰς τὰ βάθη πανοίκιοι, νησίδια ἔχοντες ἐν τοῖς ἕλεσι· ἐν μὲν οὖν ταῖς ἐπομβρίαις ἀσφαλεῖς τὰς καταφυγὰς εἶχον, ἐν δὲ τοῖς αὐχμοῖς ἡλίσκοντο ῥᾳδίως· νυνὶ δʼ ἅπαντες οἱ ἐντὸς Ῥήνου καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ὄντες ὑπακούουσι Ῥωμαίων. περὶ δὲ τὸν Σηκοάναν ποταμόν εἰσι καὶ οἱ Παρίσιοι, νῆσον ἔχοντες ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ καὶ πόλιν Λουκοτοκίαν, καὶ Μέλδοι καὶ Ληξόουιοι, παρωκεανῖται οὗτοι. ἀξιολογώτατον δʼ ἐστὶν ἔθνος τῶν ταύτῃ Ῥῆμοι, καὶ ἡ μητρόπολις αὐτῶν Δουρικορτόρα μάλιστα συνοικεῖται καὶ δέχεται τοὺς τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμόνας.
The Senones, the Remi, the Atrebates, and the Eburones dwell west of the Treviri and Nervii. Close to the Menapii and near the sea are the Morini, the Bellovaci, the Ambiani, the Suessiones, and the Caleti, as far as the outlet of the river Seine. The countries of the Morini, the Atrebates, and the Eburones are similar to that of the Menapii. It consists of a forest filled with low trees; of great extent, but not near so large as writers have described it, viz. 4000 stadia. It is named Arduenna. In the event of warlike incursions the inhabitants would interweave the flexible brambly shrubs, thus stopping up the passages [into their country]. They also fixed stakes in various places, and then retreated with their whole families into the recesses of the forest, to small islands surrounded by marshes. During the rainy season these proved secure hiding-places, but in times of drought they were easily taken. However, at the present time all the nations on this side the Rhine dwell in peace under the dominion of the Romans. The Parisii dwell along the river Seine, and inhabit an island formed by the river; their city is Lucotocia. The Meldi and Lexovii border on the ocean. The most considerable, however, of all these nations are the Remi. Duricortora, their metropolis, is well populated, and is the residence of the Roman prefects.
μετὰ δὲ τὰ λεχθέντα ἔθνη τὰ λοιπὰ Βελγῶν ἐστιν ἔθνη τῶν παρωκεανιτῶν, ὧν Ὀυένετοι μέν εἰσιν οἱ ναυμαχήσαντες πρὸς Καίσαρα· ἕτοιμοι γὰρ ἦσαν κωλύειν τὸν εἰς τὴν Βρεττανικὴν πλοῦν χρώμενοι τῷ ἐμπορίῳ. κατεναυμάχησε δὲ ῥᾳδίως, οὐκ ἐμβόλοις χρώμενος (ἦν γὰρ παχέα τὰ ξύλα) ἀλλʼ ἀνέμῳ φερομένων ἐπʼ αὐτὸν κατέσπων οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τὰ ἱστία δορυδρεπάνοις· ἦν γὰρ σκύτινα διὰ τὴν βίαν τῶν ἀνέμων· ἁλύσεις δʼ ἔτεινον ἀντὶ κάλων. πλατύπυγα δὲ ποιοῦσι καὶ ὑψίπρυμνα καὶ ὑψόπρῳρα διὰ τὰς ἀμπώτεις, δρυΐνης ὕλης ἧς ἐστιν εὐπορία· διόπερ οὐ συνάγουσι τὰς ἁρμονίας τῶν σανίδων, ἀλλʼ ἀραιώματα καταλείπουσι· ταῦτα δὲ βρύοις διανάττουσι τοῦ μὴ κατὰ τὰς νεωλκίας καπυροῦσθαι τὴν ὕλην μὴ νοτιζομένην, τοῦ μὲν βρύου νοτιωτέρου ὄντος τῇ φύσει, τῆς δὲ δρυὸς ξηρᾶς καὶ ἀλιποῦς. τούτους οἶμαι τοὺς Ὀυενέτους οἰκιστὰς εἶναι τῶν κατὰ τὸν Ἀδρίαν· καὶ γὰρ οἱ ἄλλοι πάντες σχεδόν τι οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ Κελτοὶ μετανέστησαν ἐκ τῆς ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἄλπεων γῆς, καθάπερ καὶ οἱ Βόιοι καὶ Σένονες· διὰ δὲ τὴν ὁμωνυμίαν Παφλαγόνας φασὶν αὐτούς. λέγω δʼ οὐκ ἰσχυριζόμενος· ἀρκεῖ γὰρ περὶ τῶν τοιούτων τὸ εἰκός. Ὀσίσμιοι δʼ εἰσίν, οὓς τιμίους ὀνομάζει Πυθέας, ἐπί τινος προπεπτωκυίας ἱκανῶς ἄκρας εἰς τὸν ὠκεανὸν οἰκοῦντες, οὐκ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον δὲ ἐφʼ ὅσον ἐκεῖνος φησι καὶ οἱ πιστεύσαντες ἐκείνῳ. τῶν δὲ μεταξὺ ἐθνῶν τοῦ τε Σηκοάνα καὶ τοῦ Λίγηρος οἱ μὲν τοῖς Σηκοανοῖς οἱ δὲ τοῖς Ἀρουέρνοις ὁμοροῦσι.
AFTER the nations mentioned come those of the Belgae, who dwell next the ocean. Of their number are the Veneti, who fought a naval battle with Caesar. They had prepared to resist his passage into Britain, being possessed of the commerce [of that island] themselves. But Caesar easily gained the victory, not however by means of his beaks, (for their ships were constructed of solid wood,) but whenever their ships were borne near to his by the wind, the Romans rent the sails by means of scythes fixed on long handles: for the sails [of their ships] are made of leather to resist the violence of the winds, and managed by chains instead of cables. They construct their vessels with broad bottoms and high poops and prows, on account of the tides. They are built of the wood of the oak, of which there is abundance. On this account, instead of fitting the planks close together, they leave interstices between them; these they fill with sea-weed to prevent tile wood from drying up in dock for want of moisture; for the sea-weed is damp by nature, but the oak dry and arid. In my opinion these Veneti were the founders of the Veneti in the Adriatic, for almost all the other Keltic nations in Italy have passed over from the country beyond the Alps, as for instance, the Boii and Senones. They are said to be Paphlagonians merely on account of a similarity of name. However, I do not maintain my opinion positively; for in these matters probability is quite sufficient. The Osismii are the people whom Pytheas calls Ostimii; they dwell on a promontory which projects considerably into the ocean, but not so far as Pytheas and those who follow him assert. As for the nations between the Seine and the Loire, some are contiguous to the Sequani, others to the Arverni.
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