συνεχεῖς δὲ τῇ μερίδι ταύτῃ λέγονται οἱ ὑπὸ τῷ Πολυποίτῃ οἳ δʼ Ἄργισσαν ἔχον καὶ Γυρτώνην ἐνέμοντο, Ὄρθην Ἠλώνην τε πόλιν τʼ Ὀλοοσσόνα λευκήν. ταύτην τὴν χώραν πρότερον μὲν ᾤκουν Περραιβοί, τὸ πρὸς θαλάττῃ μέρος νεμόμενοι καὶ τῷ Πηνειῷ μέχρι τῆς ἐκβολῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ Γυρτῶνος πόλεως Περραιβίδος. εἶτα ταπεινώσαντες ἐκείνους Λαπίθαι κατέσχον αὐτοὶ τὰ χωρία, Ἰξίων καὶ ὁ υἱὸς Πειρίθους, ὃς καὶ τὸ Πήλιον κατεκτήσατο βιασάμενος τοὺς κατασχόντας Κενταύρους, ἄγριόν τι φῦλον. τούτους μὲν οὖν ἐκ Πηλίου ὦσε καὶ Αἰθίκεσσι πέλασσε, τοῖς δὲ Λαπίθαις τὰ πεδία παρέδωκε· τινὰ δʼ αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ Περραιβοὶ κατεῖχον, τὰ πρὸς τῷ Ὀλύμπῳ· ἔστι δʼ ὅπου καὶ ὅλοι ἀναμὶξ τοῖς Λαπίθαις ᾤκουν. ἡ μὲν οὖν Ἄργισσα, ἡ νῦν Ἄργουρα, ἐπὶ τῷ Πηνειῷ κεῖται· ὑπέρκειται δʼ αὐτῆς Ἄτραξ ἐν τετταράκοντα σταδίοις, τῷ ποταμῷ πλησιάζουσα καὶ αὕτη· τὴν δʼ ἀνὰ μέσον ποταμίαν εἶχον Περραιβοί. Ὄρθην δὲ τινὲς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν τῶν Φαλανναίων εἰρήκασιν· ἡ δὲ Φάλαννα Περραιβικὴ πόλις πρὸς τῷ Πηνειῷ πλησίον τῶν Τεμπῶν. οἱ μὲν οὖν Περραιβοὶ καταδυναστευθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν Λαπιθῶν εἰς τὴν ὀρεινὴν ἀπανέστησαν οἱ πλείους τὴν περὶ Πίνδον καὶ Ἀθαμᾶνας καὶ Δόλοπας, τὴν δὲ χώραν καὶ τοὺς ὑπολειφθέντας τῶν Περραιβῶν κατέσχον Λαρισαῖοι, πλησίον μὲν οἰκοῦντες τοῦ Πηνειοῦ, γειτνιῶντες δʼ ἐκείνοις, νεμόμενοι δὲ τὰ εὐδαιμονέστατα μέρη τῶν πεδίων, πλὴν εἴ τι σφόδρα κοῖλον πρὸς τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ Νεσσωνίδι, εἰς ἣν ὑπερκλύζων ὁ ποταμὸς ἀφῃρεῖτό τι τῆς ἀροσίμου τοὺς Λαρισαίους· ἀλλʼ ὕστερον παραχώμασιν ἐπηνώρθωσαν Λαρισαῖοι. οὗτοι δʼ οὖν κατεῖχον τέως τὴν Περραιβίαν καὶ φόρους ἐπράττοντο, ἕως Φίλιππος κατέστη κύριος τῶν τόπων. Λάρισα δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐν τῇ Ὄσσῃ χωρίον· καὶ ἡ Κρεμαστή, ὑπό τινων δὲ Πελασγία λεγομένη· καὶ ἐν τῇ Κρήτῃ πόλις ἡ νῦν εἰς Ἱεράπυτναν συνοικισθεῖσα, ἀφʼ ἧς καὶ τὸ ὑποκείμενον πεδίον νῦν Λαρίσιον καλεῖται· καὶ ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ ἥ τε τῶν Ἀργείων ἄκρα καὶ ὁ τὴν Ἠλείαν ἀπὸ Δύμης διορίζων Λάρισος ποταμός. Θεόπομπος δὲ καὶ πόλιν λέγει ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ μεθορίᾳ κειμένην Λάρισαν· καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ ἥ τε Φρικωνὶς ἡ περὶ τὴν Κύμην καὶ ἡ κατὰ Ἁμαξιτὸν τῆς Τρῳάδος· καὶ ἡ Ἐφεσία Λάρισά ἐστι καὶ ἐν Συρίᾳ· τῆς δὲ Μιτυλήνης ἀπὸ πεντήκοντα σταδίων εἰσὶ Λαρισαῖαι πέτραι κατὰ τὴν ἐπὶ Μηθύμνης ὁδόν· καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ δʼ ἐστὶ Λάρισα· καὶ τῶν Τράλλεων διέχουσα κώμη τριάκοντα σταδίους ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως ἐπὶ Καΰστρου πεδίον διὰ τῆς Μεσωγίδος ἰόντων κατὰ τὸ τῆς Ἰσοδρόμης Μητρὸς ἱερόν, ὁμοίαν τὴν θέσιν καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἔχουσα τῇ Κρεμαστῇ Λαρίσῃ· καὶ γὰρ εὔυδρος καὶ ἀμπελόφυτος· ἴσως δὲ καὶ ὁ Λαρίσιος Ζεὺς ἐκεῖθεν ἐπωνόμασται· καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀριστεροῖς δὲ τοῦ Πόντου κώμη τις καλεῖται Λάρισα μεταξὺ Ναυλό πλησίον τῶν ἄκρων τοῦ Αἵμου. καὶ Ὀλοσσὼν δὲ λευκὴ προσαγορευθεῖσα ἀπὸ τοῦ λευκάργιλος εἶναι, καὶ Ἠλώνη Περραιβικαὶ πόλεις, καὶ Γόννος. ἡ δʼ Ἠλώνη μετέβαλε τοὔνομα Λειμώνη μετονομασθεῖσα· κατέσκαπται δὲ νῦν· ἄμφω δʼ ὑπὸ τῷ Ὀλύμπῳ κεῖνται οὐ πολὺ ἄπωθεν τοῦ Εὐρώπου ποταμοῦ, ὃν ὁ ποιητὴς Τιταρήσιον καλεῖ.
Continuous with this portion of Thessaly are the people subject to Polypoetes. They who possessed Argissa; those who inhabited Gyrtone, / Orthe, Elone, and the white city Oloosson. / This country was formerly inhabited by Perrhoebi, who possessed the part towards the sea and the Peneius, as far as its mouth and the city Gyrton, belonging to the district Perrhaebis. Afterwards the Lapithae, Ixion and his son Peirithous, having reduced the Perrhaebi, got possession of these places. Peirithous took possession also of Pelion, having expelled by force the Centaurs, a savage tribe, who inhabited it. These he drove from Pelion to the neighbourhood of the Aethices, / but he delivered up the plains to the Lapithae. The Perrhaebi kept possession of some of these parts, those, namely, towards Olympus, and in some places they lived intermixed altogether with the Lapithae.
Argissa, the present Argura, is situated upon the banks of the Peneius. Atrax lies above it at the distance of 40 stadia, close to the river. The intermediate country along the side of the river was occupied by Perrhaebi.
Some call Orthe the citadel of the Phalannaei. Phalanna is a Perrhaebic city on the Peneius, near Tempe.
The Perrhaebi, oppressed by the Lapithae, retreated in great numbers to the mountainous country about Pindus, and to the Athamanes and Dolopes; but the Larisaei became masters of the country and of the Perrhaebi who remained there. The Larisaei lived near the Peneius, but in the neighbourhood of the Perrhaebi. They occupied the most fertile portion of the plains, except some of the very deep valleys near the lake Nessonis, into which the river, when it overflowed, usually carried away a portion of the arable ground belonging to the Larisae, who afterwards remedied this by making embankments.
These people were in possession of Perrhaebia, and levied imposts until Philip became master of the country.
Larisa is a place situated on Ossa, and there is Larisa Cremaste, by some called Pelasgia. In Crete also is a city Larisa, the inhabitants of which were embodied with those of Hierapytna; and from this place the plain below is called the Larisian plain. In Peloponnesus the citadel of the Argives is called Larisa, and there is a river Larisus, which separates Eleia from Dyme. Theopompus mentions a city Larisa, situated on the immediate confines of this country. In Asia is Larisa Phriconis near Cume, and another Larisa near Hamaxitus, in the Troad. There is also an Ephesian Larisa, and a Larisa in Syria. At 50 stadia from Mitylene are the Larisaen rocks, on the road to Methymne. There is a Larisa in Attica; and a village of this name at the distance of 30 stadia from Tralleis, situated above the city, on the road to the plain of the Cayster, passing by Mesogis towards the temple of Mater Isodroma. This Larisa has a similar position, and possesses similar advantages to those of Larisa Cremaste; for it has abundance of water and vineyards. Perhaps Jupiter had the appellation of Larisaeus from this place. There is also on the left side of the Pontus (Euxine) a village called Larisa, near the extremities of Mount Haemus, between Naulochus [and Odessus].
Oloosson, called the White, from its chalky soil, Elone, and Gonnus are Perrhaebic cities. The name of Elone was changed to that of Leimone. It is now in ruins. Both lie at the foot of Olympus, not very far from the river Eurotas, which the poet calls Titaresius.
λέγει δὲ καὶ περὶ τούτου καὶ περὶ τῶν Περραιβῶν ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς ὁ ποιητὴς ὅταν φῇ Γουνεὺς δʼ ἐκ Κύφου ἦγε δύω καὶ εἴκοσι νῆας. τῷ δʼ Ἐνιῆνες ἕποντο μενεπτόλεμοί τε Περαιβοί, οἳ περὶ Δωδώνην δυσχείμερον οἰκίʼ ἔθεντο, ἀμφʼ ἱμερτὸν Τιταρήσιον ἔργʼ ἐνέμοντο. λέγει μὲν οὖν τούτους τοὺς τόπους τῶν Περραιβῶν, ἀπὸ μέρους τῆς Ἑστιαιώτιδος ἐπειληφότας· ἦσαν δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ τῷ Πολυποίτῃ ἐκ μέρους Περραιβικαί, τοῖς μέντοι Λαπίθαις προσένειμε διὰ τὸ ἀναμὶξ οἰκεῖν καὶ τὰ μὲν πεδία κατέχειν τοὺς Λαπίθας καὶ τὸ ἐνταῦθα Περραιβικὸν ὑπὸ τούτοις τετάχθαι ὡς ἐπὶ πλέον, τὰ δʼ ὀρεινότερα χωρία πρὸς τῷ Ὀλύμπῳ καὶ τοῖς Τέμπεσι τοὺς Περραιβούς, καθάπερ τὸν Κύφον καὶ τὴν Δωδώνην καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν Τιταρήσιον, ὃς ἐξ ὄρους Τιταρίου συμφυοῦς τῷ Ὀλύμπῳ ῥέων εἰς τὰ πλησίον τῶν Τεμπῶν χωρία τῆς Περραιβίας αὐτοῦ που τὰς συμβολὰς ποιεῖται πρὸς τὸν Πηνειόν. τὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦ Πηνειοῦ καθαρόν ἐστιν ὕδωρ, τὸ δὲ τοῦ Τιταρησίου λιπαρὸν ἔκ τινος ὕλης ὥστʼ οὐ συμμίσγεται ἀλλά τέ μιν καθύπερθεν ἐπιτρέχει ἠύτʼ ἔλαιον. διὰ δὲ τὸ ἀναμὶξ οἰκεῖν Σιμωνίδης Περραιβοὺς καὶ Λαπίθας καλεῖ τοὺς Πελασγιώτας ἅπαντας, τοὺς τὰ ἑῷα κατέχοντας τὰ περὶ Γυρτῶνα καὶ τὰς ἐκβολὰς τοῦ Πηνειοῦ καὶ Ὄσσαν καὶ Πήλιον καὶ τὰ περὶ Δημητριάδα καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ, Λάρισαν Κραννῶνα Σκοτοῦσσαν Μόψιον Ἄτρακα, καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν Νεσσωνίδα λίμνην καὶ Βοιβηίδα· ὧν ὁ ποιητὴς ὀλίγων μέμνηται διὰ τὸ μὴ οἰκισθῆναί πω τἆλλα ἢ φαύλως οἰκισθῆναι διὰ τοὺς κατακλυσμοὺς ἄλλοτʼ ἄλλους γινομένους· ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τῆς Νεσσωνίδος μέμνηται λίμνης, ἀλλὰ τῆς Βοιβηίδος μόνον πολὺ ἐλάττονος οὔσης, ταύτης δὲ μόνης μενούσης, ἐκείνης δὲ ὡς εἰκὸς τοτὲ μὲν πληρουμένης ἀτάκτως, τοτὲ δʼ ἐκλειπομένης. τῆς δὲ Σκοτούσσης ἐμνήσθημεν καὶ ἐν τοῖς περὶ Δωδώνης λόγοις καὶ τοῦ μαντείου τοῦ ἐν Θετταλίᾳ, διότι περὶ τοῦτον ὑπῆρξε τὸν τόπον. ἔστι δʼ ἐν τῇ Σκοτούσσῃ χωρίον τι Κυνὸς κεφαλαὶ καλούμενον, περὶ ὃ Ῥωμαῖοι μετʼ Αἰτωλῶν καὶ Τίτος Κοΐντιος ἐνίκων μάχῃ μεγάλῃ Φίλιππον τὸν Δημητρίου, Μακεδόνων βασιλέα.
The poet speaks both of this river and of the Perrhaebi in the subsequent verses, when he says, Guneus brought from Cyphus two and twenty vessels. His followers were Enienes and Peraebi, firm in battle. They dwelt near the wintry Dodona, and tilled the fields about the lovely Titaresius.
He mentions therefore these places as belonging to the Perrhaebi, which comprised a part of the Hestiaeotis. They were in part Perrhaebic towns, which were subject to Polypcetes. He assigned them however to the Lapithae, because these people and the Perrhaebi lived intermixed together, and the Lapithae occupied the plains. The country, which belonged to the Perrhaebi, was, for the most part, subject to the Lapithae, but the Perrhaebi possessed the more mountainous tracts towards Olympus and Tempe, such as Cyphus, Dodonē, and the country about the river Titaresius. This river rises in the mountain Titarius, which is part of Olympus. It flows into the plain near Tempe belonging to Perrhaebia, and somewhere there enters the Peneius.
The water of the Peneius is clear, that of the Titaresius is unctuous; a property arising from some matter, which prevents the streams mingling with each other, but runs over the surface like oil. /
Because the Perrhaebi and Lapithae lived intermingled together, Simonides calls all those people Pelasgiotae, who occupy the eastern parts about Gyrton and the mouths of the Peneius, Ossa, Pelion, and the country about Demetrias, and the places in the plain, Larisa, Crannon, Scotussa, Mopsium, Atrax, and the parts near the lakes Nessonis and Boebeis. The poet mentions a few only of these places, either because they were not inhabited at all, or badly inhabited on account of the inundations which had happened at various times. For the poet does not mention even the lake Nessonis, but the Boebeis only, which is much smaller, for its water remained constant, and this alone remains, while the former probably was at one time filled irregularly to excess, and at another contained no water.
We have mentioned Scotussa in our accounts of Dodona, and of the oracle, in Thessaly, when we observed that it was near Scotussa. Near Scotussa is a tract called Cynoscephalae. It was here that the Romans with their allies the Aetolians, and their general Titus Quintius, defeated in a great battle Philip, son of Demetrius, king of Macedon.
Cite This Text