μετὰ δὲ τὴν Βοιωτίαν καὶ τὸν Ὀρχομενὸν ἡ Φωκίς ἐστι πρὸς ἄρκτον παραβεβλημένη τῇ Βοιωτίᾳ παραπλησίως ἀπὸ θαλάττης εἰς θάλατταν τό γε παλαιόν. ὁ γὰρ Δαφνοῦς ἦν τότε τῆς Φωκίδος, σχίζων ἐφʼ ἑκάτερα τὴν Λοκρίδα καὶ μέσος ταττόμενος τοῦ τε Ὀπουντίου κόλπου καὶ τῆς τῶν Ἐπικνημιδίων παραλίας· νῦν δὲ Λοκρῶν ἐστὶν ἡ χώρα (τὸ δὲ πόλισμα κατέσκαπται), ὥστʼ οὐδʼ ἐκεῖ καθήκει οὐκέτι μέχρι τῆς πρὸς Εὐβοίᾳ θαλάττης ἡ Φωκίς, τῷ δὲ Κρισαίῳ κόλπῳ συνῆπται. αὐτὴ γὰρ ἡ Κρῖσα τῆς Φωκίδος ἐστὶν ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ἱδρυμένη τῆς θαλάττης καὶ Κίρρα καὶ Ἀντικύρα καὶ τὰ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ μεσογαίᾳ συνεχῆ κείμενα χωρία πρὸς τῷ Παρνασσῷ, Δελφοί τε καὶ Κίρφις καὶ Δαυλὶς καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Παρνασσὸς τῆς τε Φωκίδος ὢν καὶ ἀφορίζων τὸ ἑσπέριον πλευρόν. ὃν τρόπον δʼ ἡ Φωκὶς τῇ Βοιωτίᾳ παράκειται, τοῦτον καὶ ἡ Λοκρὶς τῇ Φωκίδι ἑκατέρα. διττὴ γάρ ἐστι διῃρημένη ὑπὸ τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ δίχα, ἡ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἑσπερίου μέρους παρακειμένη τῷ Παρνασσῷ καὶ μέρος αὐτοῦ νεμομένη, καθήκουσα δʼ ἐπὶ τὸν Κρισαῖον κόλπον, ἡ δʼ ἐκ τοῦ πρὸς ἕω τελευτῶσα ἐπὶ τὴν πρὸς Εὐβοίᾳ θάλατταν. καλοῦνται δʼ οἱ μὲν ἑσπέριοι Λοκροὶ καὶ Ὀζόλαι, ἔχουσί τε ἐπὶ τῇ δημοσίᾳ σφραγῖδι τὸν ἕσπερον ἀστέρα ἐγκεχαραγμένον· οἱ δʼ ἕτεροι δίχα πως καὶ αὐτοὶ διῃρημένοι, οἱ μὲν Ὀπούντιοι ἀπὸ τῆς μητροπόλεως, ὅμοροι Φωκεῦσι καὶ Βοιωτοῖς, οἱ δʼ Ἐπικνημίδιοι ἀπὸ ὄρους Κνημῖδος, προσεχεῖς Οἰταίοις τε καὶ Μαλιεῦσιν. ἐν μέσῳ δὲ ἀμφοῖν τῶν τε Ἑσπερίων καὶ τῶν ἑτέρων Παρνασσός, παραμήκης εἰς τὸ προσάρκτιον μέρος ἐκτεινόμενος ἀπὸ τῶν περὶ Δελφοὺς τόπων μέχρι τῆς συμβολῆς τῶν τε Οἰταίων ὀρῶν καὶ τῶν Αἰτωλικῶν καὶ τῶν ἀνὰ μέσον Δωριέων. πάλιν γὰρ ὥσπερ ἡ Λοσα τοῖς Φωκεῦσι παραβέβληται, οὕτω μετὰ τῆς Αἰτωλίας καί τινων ἀνὰ μέσον τρικῆς τετραπόλεως τῇ Λοκρίδι ἑκατέρᾳ σῷ καὶ τοῖς Δωριεῦσιν. ὑπὲρ τούτων δʼ ἤδη καὶ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν οἱ προσάρκτιοι καὶ Ἀκαρν τῶν Ἠπειρωτικῶν ἐθνῶν καὶ τῶν Μακεδονικῶν· ὅπερ ἔφαμεν καὶ πρότερον, παραλλήλους ὥς τινὰς τεταμένας ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπέρας ἐπὶ τὰς ἀ νοῆσαι τὰς λεχθείσας χώρας. ἱεροπρεπὴς δʼ ἐστὶ πᾶς ὁ Παρνασσός, ἔχων ἄντρα τε καὶ ἄλλα χωρία τιμώμενά τε καὶ ἁγιστευόμενα· ὧν ἐστι γνωριμώτατόν τε καὶ κάλλιστον τὸ Κωρύκιον νυμφῶν ἄντρον ὁμώνυμον τῷ Κιλικίῳ. τῶν δὲ πλευρῶν τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ τὸ μὲν ἑσπέριον νέμονται Λοκροί τε οἱ Ὀζόλαι καί τινες τῶν Δωριέων καὶ Αἰτωλοὶ κατὰ τὸν Κόρακα προσαγορευόμενον Αἰτωλικὸν ὄρος, τὸ δὲ Φωκεῖς καὶ Δωριεῖς οἱ πλείους, ἔχοντες τὴν Τετράπολιν περικειμένην πως τῷ Παρνασσῷ, πλεονάζουσαν δὲ τοῖς πρὸς ἕω. αἱ μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὸ μῆκος πλευ λεχθεισῶν χωρῶν τε καὶ ταινιῶν ἑκάστης παρ ἅπασαί εἰσιν, ἡ μὲν οὖσα προσάρκτιος ἡ . αἱ δὲ λοιπαὶ ἑσπέριοι ταῖς ἑῴαις οὔκ εἰσι πδὲ ἡ παραλία ἑκατέρα, ἥ τε τοῦ Κριχρι Ἀκτίου καὶ ἡ πρὸς Εὔβοιαν μέχρι τῆς παράλληλοι ἀλλήλαις εἰσίν, εἰς ἃς τελ ἔθνη· ἀλλʼ οὕτω δέχεσθαι δεῖ τὰ σχήματα ρίων ὡς ἂν ἐν τριγώνῳ παρὰ τὴν γραμμῶν πλειόνων· τὰ γὰρ ἀποληφράλληλα μὲν ἀλλήλοις ἔσται, καὶ τὰς τίον πλευρὰς ἕξει παραλλήλους, τκέτι. ὁ μὲν οὖν ὁλοσχερὴς τύπος οὗτος τῆς λοιπῆς καὶ ἐφεξῆς περιοδείας, τὰ καθʼ ἕκαστα δʼ ἑξῆς λέγωμεν ἀπὸ τῆς Φωκίδος ἀρξάμενοι.
NEXT to Boeotia and Orchomenus is Phocis, lying along the side of Boeotia to the north, and, anciently, nearly from sea to sea. For at that time Daphnus belonged to Phocis, dividing Locris into two parts, and situated midway between the Opuntian Gulf and the sea-coast of the Epicnemidii. At present, however, the district belongs to the Locri; but the town is in ruins, so that Phocis no longer extends to the sea opposite Euboea; but it is close to the Crisaean Gulf. For Crisa itself belongs to Phocis, and is situated immediately upon the sea. Cirrha, Anticyra, and the places above them, in the interior near Parnassus in continuous succession, namely, Delphi, Cirphis, and Daulis, belong to Phocis, so also Parnassus itself, which is the boundary of the western side.
In the same manner as Phocis lies along the side of Boeotia, so are both the divisions of Locris situated with respect to Phocis, for Locris is composed of two parts, being divided by Parnassus. The western part lies along the side of Parnassus, occupies a portion of it, and extends to the Crisaean Gulf; the eastern part terminates at the sea near Euboea. The inhabitants of the former are called Locri Hesperii, or Locri Ozolaes, and have engraven on their public seal the star Hesperus. The rest are again divided into two bodies: one, the Opuntii, who have their name from the chief city, and border upon the Phocaeans and Boeotians; the other, the Epicnemidii, who have their name from the mountain Cnemis; and adjoin the Oetaei, and the Malienses. In the midst of the Hesperii, and the other Locri, is Parnassus, lying lengthwise towards the northern part, and extending from the neighbourhood of Delphi to the junction of the Oetaen, and the Aetolian mountains, and to the Dorians, who are situated between them. For as both divisions of Locris extend along the side of Phocis, so also the region of Aeta with Aetolia, and some of the places situated in the Doric Tetrapolis, extend along the sides of the two Locri, Parnassus and the Dorians. Immediately above these are situated the Thessalians, the northern Aetolians, the Acarnanians, and some of the Epirotic and Macedonian nations, as I observed before, the above-mentioned tracts of country may be considered as a kind of parallel bands stretching from the west to the east.
The whole of Parnassus is esteemed sacred, it contains caves, and other places, which are regarded with honour and reverence. Of these the most celebrated and the most beautiful is Corycium, a cave of the nymphs, having the same name as that in Cilicia. Of the sides of Parnassus, the western is occupied by the Locri Ozolae, and by some of the Dorians, and by the Aetoli, situated near Corax, an Aetolian mountain. The eastern side is occupied by Phocians and by the greater part of the Dorians, who hold the Tetrapolis, situated as it were round the side of Parnassus, but spreading out in the largest extent towards the east. The sides of the above-mentioned tracts and each of the bands are parallel, one side being northern, and the other southern. The western sides, however, are not parallel to the eastern, for the sea-coast from the Crisaean Gulf to Actium is not parallel to the coast opposite Euboea, and extending to Thessalonica. It is on these shores the above-mentioned nations terminate. For the figure of these countries is to be understood from the notion of lines drawn parallel to the base of a triangle, where the separate parts lie parallel to one another, and have their sides in latitude parallel, but not their sides in longitude. This is a rough sketch of the country which remains to be examined. We shall examine each separate part in order, beginning with Phocis.
ταύτης δʼ ἐπιφανέσταται δύο πόλεις Δελφοί τε καὶ Ἐλάτεια· Δελφοὶ μὲν διὰ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Πυθίου Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ τὸ μαντεῖον ἀρχαῖον ὄν, εἴ γε Ἀγαμέμνων ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ χρηστηριάσασθαι λέγεται ὑπὸ τοῦ ποιητοῦ· ὁ γὰρ κιθαρῳδὸς ᾁδων εἰσάγεται νεῖκος Ὀδυσσῆος καὶ Πηλείδεω Ἀχιλῆος, / ὥς ποτε δηρίσαντο. —ἄναξ δʼ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων / χαῖρε νόῳ / ὣς γάρ οἱ χρείων μυθήσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων Πυθοῖ· / Δελφοὶ μὲν δὴ διὰ ταῦτα, Ἐλάτεια δὲ ὅτι πασῶν μεγίστη τῶν ἐνταῦθα πόλεων καὶ ἐπικαιριωτάτη διὰ τὸ ἐπικεῖσθαι τοῖς στενοῖς καὶ τὸν ἔχοντα ταύτην ἔχειν τὰς εἰσβολὰς τὰς εἰς τὴν Φωκίδα καὶ τὴν Βοιωτίαν. ὄρη γάρ ἐστιν Οἰταῖα πρῶτον, ἔπειτα τὰ τῶν Λοκρῶν καὶ τῶν Φωκέων, οὐ πανταχοῦ στρατοπέδοις βάσιμα τοῖς ἐκ Θετταλίας ἐμβάλλουσιν, ἀλλʼ ἔχει παρόδους στενὰς μὲν ἀφωρισμένας δέ, ἃς αἱ παρακείμεναι πόλεις φρουροῦσιν· ἁλουσῶν δʼ ἐκείνων κρατεῖσθαι συμβαίνει καὶ τὰς παρόδους. ἐπεὶ δʼ ἡ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐπιφάνεια τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς ἔχει πρεσβεῖον, καὶ ἅμα ἡ θέσις τῶν χωρίων ἀρχὴν ὑπαγορεύει φυσικήν (ταῦτα γάρ ἐστι τὰ ἑσπεριώτατα μέρη τῆς Φωκίδος), ἐντεῦθεν ἀρκτέον.
The two most celebrated cities of this country are Delphi and Elateia. Delphi is renowned for the temple of the Pythian Apollo, and the antiquity of its oracle; since Agamemnon is said by the poet to have consulted it; for the minstrel is introduced singing of the fierce contest of Ulysses, and Achilles, the son of Peleus, how once they contended together, and Agamemnon king of men was pleased, for so Phoebus Apollo had foretold by the oracle in the illustrious Pytho. Delphi then was celebrated on this account. Elateia was famous as being the largest of the cities in that quarter, and for its very convenient position upon the straits; for he, who is the master of this city, commands the entrances into Phocis and Boeotia. First, there are the Oetaean mountains, next the mountains of the Locri, and the Phocians; they are not every where passable for invading armies, coming from Thessaly, but having narrow passes distinct from each other, which the adjacent cities guard. Those, who take the cities, are masters of the passes also. But since from its celebrity the temple at Delphi possesses a pre-eminence, this, together with the position of the places, (for they are the most westerly parts of Phocis,) suggest a natural commencement of our description, and we shall begin from thence.
εἴρηται δʼ ὅτι καὶ ὁ Παρνασσὸς ἐπὶ τῶν ἑσπερίων ὅρων ἵδρυται τῆς Φωκίδος. τούτου δὴ τὸ μὲν πρὸς δύσιν πλευρὸν οἱ Λοκροὶ κατέχουσιν οἱ Ὀζόλαι, τὸ δὲ νότιον οἱ Δελφοί, πετρῶδες χωρίον θεατροειδές, κατὰ κορυφὴν ἔχον τὸ μαντεῖον καὶ τὴν πόλιν, σταδίων ἑκκαίδεκα κύκλον πληροῦσαν. ὑπέρκειται δʼ αὐτῆς ἡ Λυκώρεια, ἐφʼ οὗ τόπου πρότερον ἵδρυντο οἱ Δελφοὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἱεροῦ· νῦν δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ οἰκοῦσι περὶ τὴν κρήνην τὴν Κασταλίαν. πρόκειται δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἡ Κίρφις ἐκ τοῦ νοτίου μέρους, ὄρος ἀπότομον, νάπην ἀπολιπὸν μεταξύ, διʼ ἧς Πλεῖστος διαρρεῖ ποταμός. ὑποπέπτωκε δὲ τῇ ὁ Κίρφει πόλις ἀρχαία Κίρρα, ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ ἱδρυμένη, ἀφʼ ἧς ἀνάβασις εἰς Δελφοὺς ὀγδοήκοντά που σταδίων· ἵδρυται δʼ ἀπαντικρὺ Σικυῶνος. πρόκειται δὲ τῆς Κίρρας τὸ Κρισαῖον πεδίον εὔδαιμον. πάλιν γὰρ ἐφεξῆς ἐστιν ἄλλη πόλις Κρῖσα, ἀφʼ ἧς ὁ κόλπος Κρισαῖος· εἶτα Ἀντικύρα, ὁμώνυμος τῇ κατὰ τὸν Μαλιακὸν κόλπον καὶ τὴν Οἴτην. καὶ δή φασιν ἐκεῖ τὸν ἑλλέβορον φύεσθαι τὸν ἀστεῖον, ἐνταῦθα δὲ σκευάζεσθαι βέλτιον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀποδημεῖν δεῦρο πολλοὺς καθάρσεως καὶ θεραπείας χάριν· γίνεσθαι γάρ τι σησαμοειδὲς φάρμακον ἐν τῇ Φωκικῇ, μεθʼ οὗ σκευάζεσθαι τὸν Οἰταῖον ἑλλέβορον.
We have remarked, that Parnassus itself is situated on the western boundaries of Phocis. The western side of this mountain is occupied by the Locri Ozolae; on the southern is Delphi, a rocky spot, resembling in shape a theatre; on its summit is the oracle, and also the city, which comprehends a circle of 16 stadia. Above it lies Lycoreia; here the Delphians were formerly settled above the temple. At present they live close to it around the Castalian fountain. In front of the city, on the southern part, is Cirphis, a precipitous hill, leaving in the intermediate space a wooded ravine, through which the river Pleistus flows. Below Cirphis near the sea is Cirrha, an ancient city, from which there is an ascent to Delphi of about 80 stadia. It is situated opposite to Sicyon. Adjoining to Cirrha is the fertile Crisaean plain. Again, next in order follows another city Crisa, from which the Crissaean Gulf has its name; then Anticyra, of the same name as the city, on the Maliac Gulf, and near Aeta. The best hellebore is said to grow in the Maliac Anticyra, but here it is prepared in a better manner; on this account many persons resort hither for the purpose of experiencing its purgative qualities, and of being cured of their maladies. In the Phocian territory there is found a medicinal plant, resembling Sesamum, (Sesamoides,) with which the Oetaean hellebore is prepared.
αὕτη μὲν οὖν συμμένει, ἡ δὲ Κίρρα καὶ ἡ Κρῖσα κατεσπάσθησαν, ἡ μὲν […] ὕστερον ὑπʼ Εὐρυλόχου τοῦ Θετταλοῦ κατὰ τὸν Κρισαῖον πόλεμον· εὐτυχήσαντες γὰρ οἱ Κρισαῖοι διὰ τὰ ἐκ τῆς Σικελίας καὶ τῆς Ἰταλίας τέλη, πικρῶς ἐτελώνουν τοὺς ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ἀφικνουμένους καὶ παρὰ τὰ προστάγματα τῶν Ἀμφικτυόνων. τὰ δʼ αὐτὰ καὶ τοῖς Ἀμφισσεῦσι συνέβη. Λοκρῶν δʼ εἰσὶν οὗτοι τῶν Ὀζολῶν. ἐπελθόντες γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι τήν τε Κρῖσαν ἀνέλαβον, καὶ τὸ πεδίον τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀμφικτυόνων ἀνιερωθὲν αὖθις κατεγεώργουν, καὶ χείρους ἦσαν περὶ τοὺς ξένους τῶν πάλαι Κρισαίων. καὶ τούτους οὖν ἐτιμωρήσαντο οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες, καὶ τῷ θεῷ τὴν χώραν ἀπέδοσαν. ὠλιγώρηται δʼ ἱκανῶς καὶ τὸ ἱερόν, πρότερον δʼ ὑπερβαλλόντως . δηλοῦσι δʼ οἵ τε θησαυροὶ οὓς καὶ δῆμοι καὶ δυνάσται κατεσκεύασαν, εἰς οὓς καὶ χρήματα ἀνετίθεντο καθιερωμένα καὶ ἔργα τῶν ἀρίστων δημιουργῶν, καὶ ὁ ἀγὼν ὁ Πυθικὸς καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἱστορουμένων χρησμῶν.
Anticyra still remains, but Cirrha and Crisa are in ruins; Cirrha was destroyed by the Criseeans; and Crisa, afterwards, by Eurylochus the Thessalian, in the Crisaean war; for the Crisaei enriched themselves by duties levied on merchandise brought from Sicily and Italy, and laid grievous imposts on those who resorted to the temple, contrary to the decrees of the Amphictyons. The same was the case with the Amphissenses, who belong to the Locri Ozolae. This people made an irruption into the country, and took possession of Crisa, and restored it. The plain, which had been consecrated by the Amphictyons, was diligently cultivated, but strangers were more harshly treated than by the Crisaeans before them. The Amphictyons punished them and restored the territory to the god. The temple at Delphi is now much neglected, although formerly it was held in the greatest veneration. Proofs of the respect which was paid to it are, the treasuries constructed at the expense of communities and princes, where was deposited the wealth dedicated to sacred uses, the works of the most eminent artists, the Pythian games, and a multitude of celebrated oracles.
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