πρόκειται δʼ ἀπὸ Νισαίας πλέοντι εἰς τὴν Ἀττικὴν πέντε νησία. εἶτα Σαλαμὶς ἑβδομήκοντά που σταδίων οὖσα τὸ μῆκος, οἱ δʼ ὀγδοήκοντά φασιν· ἔχει δʼ ὁμώνυμον πόλιν τὴν μὲν ἀρχαίαν ἔρημον πρὸς Αἴγιναν τετραμμένην καὶ πρὸς νότον (καθάπερ καὶ Αἰσχύλος εἴρηκεν Αἴγινα δʼ αὕτη πρὸς νότου κεῖται πνοάς / ), τὴν δὲ νῦν ἐν κόλπῳ κειμένην ἐπὶ χερρονησοειδοῦς τόπου συνάπτοντος πρὸς τὴν Ἀττικήν. ἐκαλεῖτο δʼ ἑτέροις ὀνόμασι τὸ παλαιόν· καὶ γὰρ Σκιρὰς καὶ Κύχρεια ἀπό τινων ἡρώων, ἀφʼ οὗ μὲν Ἀθηνᾶ τε λέγεται Σκιρὰς καὶ τόπος Σκίρα ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ καὶ ἐπὶ Σκίρῳ ἱεροποιία τις καὶ ὁ μὴν ὁ Σκιροφοριών, ἀφʼ οὗ δὲ καὶ Κυχρείδης ὄφις, ὅν φησιν Ἡσίοδος τραφέντα ὑπὸ Κυχρέως ἐξελαθῆναι ὑπὸ Εὐρυλόχου λυμαινόμενον τὴν νῆσον, ὑποδέξασθαι δὲ αὐτὸν τὴν Δήμητρα εἰς Ἐλευσῖνα καὶ γενέσθαι ταύτης ἀμφίπολον. ὠνομάσθη δὲ καὶ Πιτυοῦσσα ἀπὸ τοῦ φυτοῦ· ἐπιφανὴς δὲ ἡ νῆσος ὑπῆρξε διά τε τοὺς Αἰακίδας ἐπάρξαντας αὐτῆς, καὶ μάλιστα διʼ Αἴαντα τὸν Τελαμώνιον, καὶ διὰ τὸ περὶ τὴν νῆσον ταύτην καταναυμαχηθῆναι Ξέρξην ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ φυγεῖν εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν. συναπέλαυσαν δὲ καὶ Αἰγινῆται τῆς περὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα τοῦτον δόξης, γείτονές τε ὄντες καὶ ναυτικὸν ἀξιόλογον παρασχόμενοι. Βώκαρος δʼ ἐστὶν ἐν Σαλαμῖνι ποταμός, ὁ νῦν Βωκαλία καλούμενος.
In sailing from Nisaea to Attica there lie, in the course of the voyage, five small islands. Then succeeds Salamis, which is about 70, and according to others, 80, stadia in length. It has two cities of the same name. The ancient city, which looked towards Aegina, and to the south, as Aeschylus has described it; Aegina lies towards the blasts of the south: / it is uninhabited. The other is situated in a bay on a spot of a peninsular form contiguous to Attica. In former times it had other names, for it was called Sciras, and Cychreia, from certain heroes; from the former Minerva is called Sciras; hence also Scira, a place in Attica; Episcirosis, a religions rite; and Scirophorion, one of the months. From Cychreia the serpent Cychrides had its name, which Hesiod says Cychreus bred, and Eurylochus ejected, because it infested the island, but that Ceres admitted it into Eleusis, and it became her attendant. Salamis was called also Pityussa from pitys, the pine tree. The island obtained its renown from the Aeacidae, who were masters of it, particularly from Ajax, the son of Telamon, and from the defeat of Xerxes by the Greeks in a battle on the coast, and by his flight to his own country. The Aeginetae participated in the glory of that engagement, both as neighbours, and as having furnished a considerable naval force. [In Salamis is the river Bocarus, now called Bocalia.]
καὶ νῦν μὲν ἔχουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν νῆσον, τὸ δὲ παλαιὸν πρὸς Μεγαρέας ὑπῆρξεν αὐτοῖς ἔρις περὶ αὐτῆς· καί φασιν οἱ μὲν Πεισίστρατον οἱ δὲ Σόλωνα παρεγγράψαντα ἐν τῷ νεῶν καταλόγῳ μετὰ τὸ ἔπος τοῦτο Αἴας δʼ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος ἄγεν δυοκαίδεκα νῆας / ἑξῆς τοῦτο στῆσε δʼ ἄγων, ἵνʼ Ἀθηναίων ἵσταντο φάλαγγες, / μάρτυρι χρήσασθαι τῷ ποιητῇ τοῦ τὴν νῆσον ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ἀθηναίων ὑπάρξαι. οὐ παραδέχονται δὲ τοῦθʼ οἱ κριτικοὶ διὰ τὸ πολλὰ τῶν ἐπῶν ἀντιμαρτυρεῖν αὐτοῖς. διὰ τί γὰρ ναυλοχῶν ἔσχατος φαίνεται ὁ Αἴας, οὐ μετʼ Ἀθηναίων ἀλλὰ μετὰ τῶν ὑπὸ Πρωτεσιλάῳ Θετταλῶν; ἔνθʼ ἔσαν Αἴαντός τε νέες καὶ Πρωτεσιλάου / καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐπιπωλήσει ὁ Ἀγαμέμνων εὗρʼ υἱὸν Πετεῶο Μενεσθῆα πλήξιππον / ἑσταότʼ, ἀμφὶ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι, μήστωρες ἀυτῆς. / αὐτὰρ ὁ πλησίον ἑστήκει πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς, / πὰρ δὲ Κεφαλλήνων ἀμφὶ στίχες. / ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν Αἴαντα καὶ τοὺς Σαλαμινίους πάλιν ἦλθε δʼ ἐπʼ Αἰάντεσσι, / καὶ παρʼ αὐτούς Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ἑτέρωθεν, / οὐ Μενεσθεύς. οἱ μὲν δὴ Ἀθηναῖοι τοιαύτην τινὰ σκήψασθαι μαρτυρίαν παρʼ Ὁμήρου δοκοῦσιν, οἱ δὲ Μεγαρεῖς ἀντιπαρῳδῆσαι οὕτως Αἴας δʼ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος ἄγεν νέας, ἔκ τε Πολίχνης, / ἔκ τʼ Αἰγειρούσσης Νισαίης τε Τριπόδων τε. / ἅ ἐστι χωρία Μεγαρικά, ὧν οἱ Τρίποδες Τριποδίσκιον λέγονται, καθʼ ὃ ἡ νῦν ἀγορὰ τῶν Μεγάρων κεῖται.
At present the Athenians possess the island Salamis. In former times they disputed the possession of it with the Megarians. Some allege, that Pisistratus, others that Solon, inserted in the Catalogue of Ships immediately after this verse, Ajax conducted from Salamis twelve vessels, / the following words, And stationed them by the side of the Athenian forces; / and appealed to the poet as a witness, that the island originally belonged to the Athenians. But this is not admitted by the critics, because many other lines testify the contrary. For why does Ajax appear at the extremity of the line not with the Athenians, but with the Thessalians under the command of Protesilaus; There were the vessels of Ajax, and Protesilaus. / And Agamemnon, in the Review of the troops, found the son of Peteus, Menestheus, the tamer of horses, standing, and around were the Athenians skilful in war: near stood the wily Ulysses, and around him and at his side, the ranks of the Cephalleni and again, respecting Ajax and the Salaminii; he came to the Ajaces, and near them, Idomeneus on the other side amidst the Cretans, / not Menestheus. The Athenians then seem to have alleged some such evidence as this from Homer as a pretext, and the Megarians to have replied in an opposite strain of this kind; Ajax conducted ships from Salamis, from Polichna, from Aegirussa, from Nisaea, and from Tripodes, which are places in Megaris, of which Tripodes has the name of Tripodiscium, situated near the present forum of Megara.
τινὲς δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ τὴν ἱέρειαν τῆς Πολιάδος Ἀθηνᾶς χλωροῦ τυροῦ τοῦ μὲν ἐπιχωρίου μὴ ἅπτεσθαι, ξενικὸν δὲ μόνον προσφέρεσθαι, χρῆσθαι δὲ καὶ τῷ Σαλαμινίῳ, ξένην φασὶ τῆς Ἀττικῆς τὴν Σαλαμῖνα οὐκ εὖ· καὶ γὰρ τὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων νήσων τῶν ὁμολογουμένως τῇ Ἀττικῇ προσχώρων προσφέρεται, ξενικὸν πάντα τὸν διαπόντιον νοησάντων τῶν ἀρξάντων τοῦ ἔθους τούτου. ἔοικε δὴ τὸ παλαιὸν ἡ νῦν Σαλαμὶς καθʼ αὑτὴν τάττεσθαι, τὰ δὲ Μέγαρα τῆς Ἀττικῆς ὑπάρξαι μέρος. ἐν δὲ τῇ παραλίᾳ τῇ κατὰ Σαλαμῖνα κεῖσθαι συμβαίνει τὰ ὅρια τῆς τε Μεγαρικῆς καὶ τῆς Ἀτθίδος, ὄρη δύο ἃ καλοῦσι Κέρατα.
Some say, that Salamis is unconnected with Attica, because the priestess of Minerva Polias, who may not eat the new cheese of Attica, but the produce only of a foreign land, yet uses the Salaminian cheese. But this is a mistake, for she uses that which is brought from other islands, that are confessedly near Attica, for the authors of this custom considered all produce as foreign which was brought over sea.
It seems as if anciently the present Salamis was a separate state, and that Megara was a part of Attica.
On the sea-coast, opposite to Salamis, the boundaries of Megara and Attica are two mountains called Cerata, or Horns.
εἶτʼ Ἐλευσὶς πόλις, ἐν ᾗ τὸ τῆς Δήμητρος ἱερὸν τῆς Ἐλευσινίας καὶ ὁ μυστικὸς σηκός, ὃν κατεσκεύασεν Ἰκτῖνος ὄχλον θεάτρου δέξασθαι δυνάμενον, ὃς καὶ τὸν παρθενῶνα ἐποίησε τὸν ἐν ἀκροπόλει τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ, Περικλέους ἐπιστατοῦντος τῶν ἔργων· ἐν δὲ τοῖς δήμοις καταριθμεῖται ἡ πόλις.
Next is the city Eleusis, in which is the temple of the Eleusinian Ceres, and the Mystic Enclosure (Secos), which Ictinus built, capable of containing the crowd of a theatre. It was this person that built the Parthenon in the Acropolis, in honour of Minerva, when Pericles was the superintendent of the public works. The city is enumerated among the demi, or burghs.
εἶτα τὸ Θριάσιον πεδίον καὶ ὁμώνυμος αἰγιαλὸς καὶ δῆμος· εἶθʼ ἡ ἄκρα ἡ Ἀμφιάλη καὶ τὸ ὑπερκείμενον λατόμιον καὶ ὁ εἰς Σαλαμῖνα πορθμὸς ὅσον διστάδιος, ὃν διαχοῦν ἐπειρᾶτο Ξέρξης, ἔφθη δὲ ἡ ναυμαχία γενομένη καὶ φυγὴ τῶν Περσῶν. ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ αἱ Φαρμακοῦσσαι, δύο νησία ὧν ἐν τῷ μείζονι Κίρκης τάφος δείκνυται.
Then follows the Thriasian plain, and the coast, a demus of the same name, then the promontory Amphiale, above which is a stone quarry; and then the passage across the sea to Salamis, of about 2 stadia, which Xerxes endeavoured to fill up with heaps of earth, but the sea-fight and the flight of the Persians occurred before he had accomplished it.
There also are the Pharmacussae, two small islands, in the larger of which is shown the tomb of Circe.
ὑπὲρ δὲ τῆς ἀκτῆς ταύτης ὄρος ἐστὶν ὃ καλεῖται Κορυδαλλός, καὶ ὁ δῆμος οἱ Κορυδαλλεῖς· εἶθʼ ὁ Φώρων λιμὴν καὶ ἡ Ψυττάλεια, νησίον ἔρημον πετρῶδες ὅ τινες εἶπον λήμην τοῦ Πειραιῶς· πλησίον δὲ καὶ ἡ Ἀταλάντη ὁμώνυμος τῇ περὶ Εὔβοιαν καὶ Λοκρούς, καὶ ἄλλο νησίον ὅμοιον τῇ Ψυτταλείᾳ καὶ τοῦτο· εἶθʼ ὁ Πειραιεὺς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τοῖς δήμοις ταττόμενος καὶ ἡ Μουνυχία.
Above this coast is a mountain called Corydallus, and the demus Corydalleis: then the harbour of Phoron, (Robbers,) and Psyttalia, a small rocky desert island, which, according to some writers, is the eye-sore of the Piraeus.
Near it is Atalanta, of the same name as that between Euboea and the Locri; and another small island similar to Psyttalia; then the Piraeus, which is also reckoned among the demi, and the Munychia.
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