Quintus Smyrnaeus · The Fall of Troy (Posthomerica) Τὰ μεθ' Ὅμηρον

Quintus Smyrnaeus, The Fall of Troy (Posthomerica) 5.333–455: The madness of Aias

Thetis and the Nereids plunge back into the sea, where Cymothoe curses Prometheus. Aias, furious at the verdict, will not eat or sleep and arms himself in the night, and Athena strikes him with madness to spare Odysseus. Menelaus fears for the army, but Aias slaughters the flocks in the plain, thinking them Argives, and taunts a slain ram as if it were Odysseus.

Lines 5.333–455 · 1063 words · click a number to copy its link
333ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κατὰ νῆας ἔβαν καὶ ἀπείρονα πόντον, Ἀργεῖοι δόρποιο μεμαότες ἠδὲ καὶ ὕπνου, 335καὶ τότʼ ἔσω μεγάλοιο Θέτις κατεδύσατο πόντου· σὺν δέ οἱ ἄλλαι ἴσαν Νηρηίδες· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα σφι νήχετο κήτεα πολλά, τά τε τρέφει ἁλμυρὸν οἶδμα. αἱ δὲ μέγα σκύζοντο Προμηθέϊ μητιόεντι μνώμεναι, ὡς κείνοιο θεοπροπίῃσι Κρονίων 340δῶκε Θέτιν Πηλῆι καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλουσαν ἄγεσθαι. Κυμοθόη δʼ ἐν τῇσι μέγʼ ἀσχαλόωσʼ ἀγόρευεν· ὤ πόποι, ὡς ὅ γε λυγρὸς ἐπάξια πήμαθʼ ὑπέτλη δεσμῷ ἐν ἀρρήκτῳ, ὅτε οἱ μέγας αἰετὸς ἧπαρ κεῖρεν ἀεξόμενον κατὰ νηδύος ἔνδοθι δύνων. 345ὣς φάτο Κυμοθόη κυανοπ λοκάμοις ἁλίῃσιν. ἠέλιος δʼ ἀπόρουσεν, ἐπεσκιόωντο δʼ ἀλωαὶ νυκτὸς ἐπεσσυμένης, ἐπεκίδνατο δʼ οὐρανὸν ἄστρα. Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶ τανυπρώροισιν ἴαυον ὕπνῳ ὑπʼ ἀμβροσίῳ δεδμημένοι ἠδὲ καὶ οἴνῳ 350ἡδέϊ, τὸν Κρήτηθε παρʼ Ἰδομενῆος ἀγαυοῦ ναῦται ὑπὲρ πόντοιο πολυκλύστοιο φέρεσκον.

When to the ships beside the boundless sea
The Argives, faint for supper and for sleep,
Had passed, into the great deep Thetis plunged,
And all the Nereids with her. Round them swam
Sea-monsters many, children of the brine.

Against the wise Prometheus bitter-wroth
The Sea-maids were, remembering how that Zeus,
Moved by his prophecies, unto Peleus gave
Thetis to wife, a most unwilling bride.
Then cried in wrath to these Cymothoe:
“O that the pestilent prophet had endured
All pangs he merited, when, deep-burrowing,
The eagle tare his liver aye renewed!”

So to the dark-haired Sea-maids cried the Nymph.
Then sank the sun: the onrush of the night
Shadowed the fields, the heavens were star-bestrewn;
And by the long-prowed ships the Argives slept
By ambrosial sleep o’ermastered, and by wine
The which from proud Idomeneus’ realm of Crete:
The shipmen bare o’er foaming leagues of sea.

352Αἴας δʼ Ἀργείοισι χολούμενος οὔτʼ ἄρα δόρπου μνήσατʼ ἐνὶ κλισίῃ μελιηδέος, οὔτε μιν ὕπνος ἄμφεχεν, ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἑοῖσιν ἐν ἔντεσι δύσατο θύων· 355εἵλετο δὲ ξίφος ὀξύ, καὶ ἄσπετα πορφύρεσκεν, ἢ ὅ γʼ ἐνιπρήσῃ νῆας καὶ πάντας ὀλέσσῃ Ἀργείους, ἢ μοῦνον ὑπὸ ξίφεϊ στονόεντι δῃώσῃ μελεϊστὶ θοῶς δολόεντʼ Ὀδυσῆα. καὶ τὰ μὲν ὥς ὥρμαινε, τὰ δὴ τάχα πάντʼ ἐτέλεσσεν, 360εἰ μή οἱ Τριτωνὶς ἀάσχετον ἔμβαλε λύσσαν· κήδετο γὰρ φρεσὶν ᾗσι πολυτλήτου Ὀδυσῆος ἱρῶν μνωομένη, τά οἱ ἔμπεδα κεῖνος ἔρεξε· τοὔνεκα δὴ μεγάλοιο μένος Τελαμωνιάδαο τρέψεν ἀπʼ Ἀργείων. ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἤιε λαίλαπι ἶσος 365σμερδαλέῃ στυγερῇσι καταιγίσι βεβριθυίῃ, ἥ τε φέρει ναύτῃσι τέρας κρυεροῖο φόβοιο, Πληιὰς εὖτʼ ἀκάμαντος ἐς ὠκεανοῖο ῥέεθρα δύεθʼ ὑποπτώσσουσα περικλυτὸν Ὠρίωνα, ἠέρα συγκλονέουσα, μέμηνε δὲ χείματι πόντος· 370τῇ εἰκὼς οἴμησεν, ὅπῃ μιν γυῖα φέρεσκον. πάντη δʼ ἀμφιθέεσκεν ἀναιδέϊ θηρὶ ἐοικώς, ὅς τε βαθυσκοπέλοιο διέσσυται ἄγκεα βήσσης ἀφριόων γενύεσσι καὶ ἄλγεα πολλὰ μενοινῶν ἢ κυσὶν ἢ ἀγρόταις, οἵ οἱ τέκνα δῃώσωνται 375ἄντρων ἐξερύσαντες, ὁ δʼ ἀμφὶ γένυσσι βεβρυχώς, εἴ που ἔτʼ ἐν ξυλόχοισιν ἴδοι θυμήρεα τέκνα· τῷ δʼ εἴ τις κύρσειε μεμηνότα θυμὸν ἔχοντι, αὐτοῦ οἱ βιότοιο λυγρὸν περιτέλλεται ἦμαρ· ὥς ὅ γʼ ἀμείλιχα θῦνε, μέλαν δέ οἱ ἔζεεν ἦτορ, 380εὖτε λέβης ἀλίαστον ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ Ἡφαίστοιο ῥοιβδηδὸν μαίνηται ὑπαὶ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο, γάστρην ἀμφὶς ἅπασαν ὅτε ξύλα πολλὰ θέρηται, ἐννεσίῃς δρηστῆρος ἐπειγομένου ἐνὶ θυμῷ, εὐτραφέος σιάλοιο περὶ τρίχας ὥς κεν ἀμέρσῃ· 385ὣς τοῦ ὑπὸ στέρνοισι πελώριος ἔζεε θυμός. μαίνετο δʼ ἠΰτε πόντος ἀπείριτος ἠὲ θύελλα ἤ πυρὸς ἀκαμάτοιο θοὸν μένος, εὖτʼ ἀλίαστον μαίνηται κατʼ ὄρεσφι βίη μεγάλου ἀνέμοιο, πίπτῃ δʼ αἰθομένη πυρὶ πάντοθεν ἄσπετος ὕλη· 390ὣς Αἴας ὀδύνῃσι πεπαρμένος ὄβριμον ἦτορ μαίνετο λευγαλέως· ἄπλετος δέ οἱ ἔρρεεν ἀφρὸς ἐκ στόματος, βρυχὴ δὲ περὶ γναθμοῖσιν ὀρώρει· τεύχεα δʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἐπέβραχε, τοὶ δʼ ὁρόωντες πάντες ὁμῶς ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς ὑποτρομέεσκον ὁμοκλήν.

But Aias, wroth against the Argive men,
Would none of meat or drink, nor clasped him round
The arms of sleep. In fury he donned his mail,
He clutched his sword, thinking unspeakable thoughts;
For now he thought to set the ships aflame,
And slaughter all the Argives, now, to hew
With sudden onslaught of his terrible sword
Guileful Odysseus limb from limb. Such things
He purposed—nay, had soon accomplished all,
Had Pallas not with madness smitten him;
For over Odysseus, strong to endure, her heart
Yearned, as she called to mind the sacrifices
Offered to her of him continually.
Therefore she turned aside from Argive men
The might of Aias. As a terrible storm,
Whose wings are laden with dread hurricane-blasts,
Cometh with portents of heart-numbing fear
To shipmen, when the Pleiads, fleeing adread
From glorious Orion, plunge beneath
The stream of tireless Ocean, when the air
Is turmoil, and the sea is mad with storm;
So rushed he, whithersoe’er his feet might bear.
This way and that he ran, like some fierce beast
Which darteth down a rock-walled glen’s ravines
With foaming jaws, and murderous intent
Against the hounds and huntsmen, who have torn
Out of the cave her cubs, and slain: she runs
This way and that, and roars, if mid the brakes
Haply she yet may see the dear ones lost;
Whom if a man meet in that maddened mood,
Straightway his darkest of all days hath dawned;
So ruthless-raving rushed he; blackly boiled
His heart, as caldron on the Fire-god’s hearth
Maddens with ceaseless hissing o’er the flames
From blazing billets coiling round its sides,
At bidding of the toiler eager-souled
To singe the bristles of a huge-fed boar;
So was his great heart boiling in his breast.
Like a wild sea he raved, like tempest-blast,
Like the winged might of tireless flame amidst
The mountains maddened by a mighty wind,
When the wide-blazing forest crumbles down
In fervent heat. So Aias, his fierce heart
With agony stabbed, in maddened misery raved.
Foam frothed about his lips; a beast-like roar
Howled from his throat. About his shoulders clashed
His armour. They which saw him trembled, all
Cowed by the fearful shout of that one man.

395καὶ τότʼ ἀπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο κίε χρυσήνιος Ἠώς· Υπνος δʼ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἀνήιεν εἴκελος αὔρῃ, Ἥρῃ δὲ ξύμβλητο νέον πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἰούσῃ Τηθύος ἐξ ἱερῆς, ὅθι που προτέρῃ μόλεν ἠοῖ· ἡ δέ ἑ κύσσεν ἑλοῦσʼ ὅτι οἱ πέλε γαμβρὸς ἀμύμων, 400ἐξ οὗ οἱ Κρονίωνα κατεύνασεν ἐν λεχέεσσιν Ἴδης ἀμφὶ κάρηνα χολούμενον Ἀργείοισιν· αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ ἡ μὲν ἔβη Ζηνὸς δόμον, ὅς δʼ ἐπὶ λέκτρα Πασιθέης οἴμησεν· ἀνέγρετο δʼ ἔθνεα φωτῶν. Αἴας δʼ ἀκαμάτῳ ἐναλίγκιος Ὠρίωνι 405φοίτα ἐνὶ στέρνοισιν ἔχων ὀλοόφρονα λύσσαν· ἐν δʼ ἔθορεν μήλοισι, λέων ὥς ὀβριμόθυμος λιμῷ ὑπʼ ἀργαλέῳ δεδμημένος ἄγριον ἦτορ· καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν κονίῃσιν ἐπασσύτερʼ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλα κάββαλεν, ἠΰτε φύλλα μένος κρατεροῦ Βορέαο 410χεύῃ, ὅτʼ ἀνομένου θέρεος μετὰ χεῖμα τράπηται· ὥς Αἴας μήλοισι μέγʼ ἀσχαλόων ἐνόρουσεν ἐλπόμενος Δαναοῖσι κακὰς ἐπὶ κῆρας ἰάλλειν. καὶ τότε δὴ Μενέλαος ἀδελφεῷ ἄγχι παραστὰς κρύβδʼ ἄλλων Δαναῶν τοῖον ποτὶ μῦθον ἔειπε· 415σήμερον ἦ τάχα πᾶσιν ὀλέθριον ἔσσεται ἦμαρ Αἴαντος μεγάλοιο περὶ φρεσὶ μαινομένοιο, ὅς τάχα νῆας ἐνιπρήσει, κτανέει δὲ καὶ ἡμέας πάντας ἐνὶ κλισίῃσι κοτεσσάμενος περὶ τευχέων. ὡς ὄφελον μὴ τῶνδε Θέτις πέρι δῆριν ἔθηκε, 420μηδʼ ἄρα Λαέρταο πάϊς μέγʼ ἀμείνονι φωτὶ ἔτλη δηριάασθαι ἐναντίον ἄφρονι θυμῷ. νῦν δὲ μέγʼ ἀασάμεσθα, κακὸς δέ τις ἤπαφε δαίμων· ἕρκος γὰρ πολέμοιο δεδουπότος Αἰακίδαο μοῦνον ἔτʼ ἦν Αἴαντος ἐΰ σθένος· ἀλλʼ ἄρα καὶ τὸν 425ἡμῖν ἐξολέσουσι θεοὶ κακὰ νῶιν ἄγοντες, ὥς κεν πάντες ἄϊστον ἀναπλήσωμεν ὄλεθρον. ὥς φάμενον προσέειπεν ἐϋμμελίης Ἀγαμέμνων· μὴ νῦν, ὦ Μενέλαε, μέγʼ ἀχνύμενος περὶ θυμῷ σκύζεο μητιόεντι Κεφαλλήνων βασιλῆι· 430οὐ γὰρ ὅ γʼ αἴτιός ἐστιν, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλάκις ἡμῖν γίνεται ἐσθλὸν ὄνειαρ, ἄχος δʼ ἄρα δυσμενέεσσιν.

From Ocean then uprose Dawn golden-reined:
Like a soft wind upfloated Sleep to heaven,
And there met Hera, even then returned
To Olympus back from Tethys, unto whom
But yester-morn she went. She clasped him round,
And kissed him, who had been her marriage-kin
Since at her prayer on Ida’s erest he had lulled
To sleep Cronion, when his anger burned
Against the Argives. Straightway Hera passed
To Zeus’s mansion, and Sleep swiftly flew
To Pasithea’s couch. From slumber woke
All nations of the earth. But Aias, like
Orion the invincible, prowled on,
Still bearing murderous madness in his heart.
He rushed upon the sheep, like lion fierce
Whose savage heart is stung with hunger-pangs.
Here, there, he smote them, laid them dead in dust
Thick as the leaves which the strong North-wind’s might
Strews, when the waning year to winter turns;
So on the sheep in fury Aias fell,
Deeming he dealt to Danaans evil doom.

Then to his brother Menelaus came,
And spake, but not in hearing of the rest:
“This day shall surely be a ruinous day
For all, since Aias thus is sense-distraught.
It may be he will set the ships aflame,
And slay us all amidst our tents, in wrath
For those lost arms. Would God that Thetis ne’er
Had set them for the prize of rivalry!
Would God Laertes’ son had not presumed
In folly of soul to strive with a better man!
Fools were we all; and some malignant God
Beguiled us; for the one great war-defence
Left us, since Aeacus’ son in battle fell,
Was Aias’ mighty strength. And now the Gods
Will to our loss destroy him, bringing bane
On thee and me, that all we may fill up
The cup of doom, and pass to nothingness.”

He spake; replied Agamemnon, lord of spears:
“Now nay, Menelaus, though thine heart he wrung,
Be thou not wroth with the resourceful king
Of Cephallenian folk, but with the Gods
Who plot our ruin. Blame not him, who oft
Hath been our blessing and our enemies’ curse.”

432ὣς οἱ μὲν Δαναῶν ἀκαχήμενοι ἠγορόωντο. μηλονόμοι δʼ ἀπάνευθε παρὰ Ξάνθοιο ῥεέθροις πτῶσσον ὑπὸ μυρίκῃσιν ἀλευάμενοι βαρὺ πῆμα· 435ὡς δʼ ὅταν αἰετὸν ὠκὺν ὑποπτώσσωσι λαγωοὶ θάμνοις ἐν λασίοισιν, ὁ δʼ ἐγγύθεν ὀξὺ κεκληγὼς πωτᾶτʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα τανυσσάμενος πτερύγεσσιν· ὣς οἵ γʼ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος ὑπέτρεσαν ὄβριμον ἄνδρα. ὀψὲ δʼ ὄ γʼ ἀρνειοῖο κατακταμένου σχεδὸν ἔστη, 440καί ῥʼ ὀλοὸν γελάσας τοῖον ποτὶ μῦθον ἔειπε· κεῖσό νυν ἐν κονίῃσι, κυνῶν βόσις ἠδʼ οἰωνῶν· οὐ γάρ σʼ οὐδʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἐρύσσατο κύδιμα τεύχη, ὧν ἕνεκ’ ἀφραδέων μέγʼ ἀμείνονι δηριάασκες· κεῖσο, κύον· δὲ γὰρ οὔτι γοήσεται ἀμφιπεσοῦσα 445κουριδίη μετὰ παιδὸς ἀάσχετον ἀσχαλόωσα, οὐ τοκέες· τοῖς οὔτι μετέσσεαι ἐλδομένοισι γήραος ἐσθλὸν ὄνειαρ, ἐπεί νύ σε τήλʼ ἀπὸ πάτρης οἰωνοί τε κύνες τε δεδουπότα δαρδάψουσιν. ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη δολόεντα μετὰ κταμένοις Ὀδυσῆα 450κεῖσθαι ἰϊόμενος μεμορυγμένον αἵματι πολλῷ· καὶ τότε οἱ Τριτωνὶς ἀπὸ φρενὸς ἠδὲ καὶ ὄσσων ἐσκέδασεν Μανίην βλοσυρὴν πνείουσαν ὄλεθρον· ἡ δὲ θοῶς ἵκανε ποτὶ Στυγὸς αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα, ῇχι θοαὶ ναίουσιν Ἐριννύες, αἵ τε βροτοῖσιν 455αἰὲν ὑπερφιάλοισι κακὰς ἐφιᾶσιν ἀνίας.

So heavy-hearted spake the Danaan kings.
But by the streams of Xanthus far away
‘Neath tamarisks shepherds cowered to hide from death,
As when from a swift eagle cower hares
‘Neath tangled copses, when with sharp fierce scream
This way and that with wings wide-shadowing
He wheeleth very nigh; so they here, there,
Quailed from the presence of that furious man.
At last above a slaughtered ram he stood,
And with a deadly laugh he cried to it:
“Lie there in dust; be meat for dogs and kites!
Achilles’ glorious arms have saved not thee,
For which thy folly strove with a better man!
Lie there, thou cur! No wife shall fall on thee,
And clasp, and wail thee and her fatherless childs,
Nor shalt thou greet thy parents’ longing eyes,
The staff of their old age! Far from thy land
Thy carrion dogs and vultures shall devour!”

So cried he, thinking that amidst the slain
Odysseus lay blood-boltered at his feet.
But in that moment from his mind and eyes
Athena tore away the nightmare-fiend
Of Madness havoc-breathing, and it passed
Thence swiftly to the rock-walled river Styx
Where dwell the winged Erinnyes, they which still
Visit with torments overweening men.

People and places in this passage

English translation by A. S. Way (1913). Original text: Arnold Zimmermann (ed.), Quinti Smyrnaei Posthomericorum libri XIV, Leipzig: Teubner, 1891 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

The Fall of Troy Book 5, lines 333–455: The madness of Aias