Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.255–381: Odysseus' speech: his services at Troy

Odysseus (Ulysses) lists the Trojan warriors he killed, reminds the chiefs that he carried the body of Achilles from the field, and answers the charge about Palamedes. He tells how the prophets said that Philoctetes and his arrows were needed to take Troy, and how he brought Philoctetes to the army. He says that he alone dared to enter Troy by night and take the Palladium, and he ends by asking for the arms as the reward of his mind, pointing to the image of Athena (Minerva).

Lines 13.255–381 · 1439 words · click a number to copy its link
255Quid Lycii referam Sarpedonis agmina ferro devastata meo? Cum multo sanguine fudi Coeranon Iphitiden et Alastoraque Chromiumque Alcandrumque Haliumque Noemonaque Prytanimque, exitioque dedi cum Chersidamante Thoona 260et Charopem fatisque inmitibus Ennomon actum quique minus celebres nostra sub moenibus urbis procubuere manu. Sunt et mihi vulnera, cives, ipso pulchra loco; nec vanis credite verbis: adspicite en!” vestemque manu deduxit et “haec sunt 265pectora semper” ait “vestris exercita rebus. At nil impendit per tot Telamonius annos sanguinis in socios et habet sine vulnere corpus! Quid tamen hoc refert, si se pro classe Pelasga arma tulisse refert contra Troasque Iovemque? 270Confiteorque, tulit (neque enim benefacta maligne detractare meum est), sed ne communia solus occupet atque aliquem vobis quoque reddat honorem, reppulit Actorides sub imagine tutus Achillis Troas ab arsuris cum defensore carinis.

Ajax himself has been more generous.
“Why should I name Sarpedon's Lycian troops
among whom I made havoc with my sword?
I left Coeranos dead and streaming blood,
with the sword I killed Alastor, Chromius,
Alcander, Prytanis, Halius, and Noemon,
Thoon and Charops with Chersidamas,
and Ennomus—all driven by cruel fate,
not reckoning humbler men whom I laid low,
battling beneath the shadow of the city walls.
And fellow citizens, I have my wounds
honorable in the front. Do not believe
my word alone. Look for yourselves and see!”
Then with one hand, he drew his robe aside.
“Here is a breast,” he cried, “that bled for you!
But Ajax never shed a drop of blood
to aid his friends, in all these many years,
and has a body free of any wound.
“What does it prove, if he declares that he
fought for our ships against both Troy and Jove?
I grant he did, for it is not my wont
with malice to belittle other's deeds.
But let him not claim for himself alone
an honor in which all may have a share,
let him concede some credit due to you.
Disguised within the fear inspiring arms
of great Achilles, Actor's son drove back
the host of Trojans from our threatened fleet
or ships and Ajax would have burned together.

275Ausum etiam Hectoreis solum concurrere telis se putat, oblitus regisque ducumque meique, nonus in officio et praelatus munere sortis. Sed tamen eventus vestrae, fortissime, pugnae quis fuit? Hector abit violatus vulnere nullo! 280Me miserum, quanto cogor meminisse dolore temporis illius, quo Graium murus, Achilles procubuit! Nec me lacrimae luctusque timorque tardarunt, quin corpus humo sublime referrem. His umeris, his, inquam, umeris ego corpus Achillis. 285et simul arma tuli, quae nunc quoque ferre laboro! Sunt mihi, quae valeant in talia pondera, vires, est animus certe vestros sensurus honores. Scilicet idcirco pro nato caerula mater ambitiosa suo fuit, ut caelestia dona, 290artis opus tantae, rudis et sine pectore miles indueret? neque enim clipei caelamina novit, Oceanum et terras cumque alto sidera caelo Pleiadasque hyadasque inmunemque aequoris arcton diversasque urbes nitidumque Orionis ensem: Quid quod me duri fugientem munera belli arguit incepto serum accessisse labori, nec se magnanimo maledicere sentit Achilli?

“Unmindful of the king, the chiefs, and me,
he dreams that he alone dared to engage
in single fight with Hector—he the ninth
to volunteer and chosen just by lot.
But yet, O brave chief! What availed the fight?
Hector returned, not injured by a wound.
“Ah, bitter fate, with how much grief I am
compelled to recollect the time, when brave
Achilles, bulwark of the Greeks, was slain.
Nor tears, nor grief, nor fear, could hinder me:
I carried his dead body from the ground,
uplifted on these shoulders, I repeat,
upon these shoulders from that ground
I bore off dead Achilles, and those arms
which now I want to bear away again.
I have the strength to walk beneath their weight,
I have a mind to understand their worth.
Did the hero's mother, goddess of the sea,
win for her son these arms, made by a god,
a work of wondrous art, to have them clothe
a rude soldier, who has no mind at all?
He never could be made to understand
the rich engravings, pictured on the shield—
the ocean, earth, and stars in lofty skies;
the Pleiades, and Hyades, the Bear,
which touches not the ocean, far beyond
the varied planets, and the fire-bright sword
of high Orion. He demands a prize,
which, if he had it, would be lost on him.
“What of his taunting me, because I shrank
from hardships of this war and I was slow
to join the expedition? Does he not see,
that he reviles the great Achilles too?
Was my pretense a crime? then so was his.
Was our delay a fault?

299Si simulasse vocas crimen, simulavimus ambo; 300si mora pro culpa est, ego sum maturior illo. Me pia detinuit coniunx, pia mater Achillem, primaque sunt illis data tempora, cetera vobis. Haud timeo, si iam nequeam defendere, crimen cum tanto commune viro: deprensus Ulixis 305ingenio tamen ille, at non Aiacis Ulixes! Neve in me stolidae convicia fundere linguae admiremur eum, vobis quoque digna pudore obicit. An falso Palameden crimine turpe est accusasse mihi, vobis damnasse decorum? 310Sed neque Naupliades facinus defendere tantum tamque patens valuit, nec vos audistis in illo crimina: vidistis, pretioque obiecta patebant. Nec Poeantiaden quod habet Vulcania Lemnos, esse reus merui: factum defendite vestrum, 315consensistis enim. Nec me suasisse negabo, ut se subtraheret bellique viaeque labori temptaretque feros requie finire dolores.

mine was the less,
for I came sooner; me a loving wife
detained from war, a loving mother him.
Some hours we gave to them, the rest to you.
Why should I be alarmed, if now I am
unable to defend myself against
this accusation, which is just the same
as you have brought against so great a man?
Yet he was found by the dexterity
of me, Ulysses, and Ulysses was
not found by the dexterity of Ajax.
“It is no wonder that he pours on me
reproaches of his silly tongue, because
he charges you with what is worthy shame.
Am I depraved because this Palamedes has
improperly been charged with crime by me?
Then was it honorable for all of you,
if you condemned him? Only think, that he,
the son of Naplius, made no defence
against the crime, so great, so manifest:
nor did you only hear the charges brought
against him, but you saw the proof yourselves,
and in the gold his villainy was shown.
“Nor am I to be blamed, if Vulcan's isle
of Lemnos has become the residence
of Philoctetes. Greeks, defend yourselves,
for you agreed to it! Yes, I admit
I urged him to withdraw from toils of war
and those of travel and attempt by rest
to ease his cruel pain. He took my advice
and lives!

318Paruit et vivit! Non haec sententia tantum fida, sed et felix, cum sit satis esse fidelem. 320Quem quoniam vates delenda ad Pergama poscunt, ne mandate mihi: melius Telamonius ibit eloquioque virum morbis iraque furentem molliet aut aliqua producet callidus arte. Ante retro Simois fluet et sine frondibus Ide 325stabit et auxilium promittet Achaia Troiae, quam, cessante meo pro vestris pectore rebus, Aiacis stolidi Danais sollertia prosit! Sis licet infestus sociis regique mihique, dure Philoctete, licet exsecrere meumque 330devoveas sine fine caput cupiasque dolenti me tibi forte dari nostrumque haurire cruorem, te tamen adgrediar mecumque reducere nitar, tamque tuis potiar (faveat Fortuna!) sagittis, 335quam sum Dardanio, quem cepi, vate potitus, quam responsa deum Troianaque fata retexi, quam rapui Phrygiae signum penetrale Minervae hostibus e mediis. Et se mihi comparat Aiax?

The advice was not alone well meant
(that would have been enough) but it was wise.
Because our prophets have declared, he must
lead us, if we may still maintain our hope
for Troy's destruction—therefore, you must not
intrust that work to me. Much better, send
the son of Telamon. His eloquence
will overcome the hero's rage, most fierce
from his disease and anger: or else his
invention of some wile will skilfully
deliver him to us.—The Simois
will first flow backward, Ida stand without
its foliage, and Achaia promise aid
to Troy itself; ere, lacking aid from me,
the craft of stupid Ajax will avail.
“Though, Philoctetes, you should be enraged
against your friends, against the king and me;
although you curse and everlastingly
devote my head to harm; although you wish,
to ease your anguish, that I may be given
into your power, that you may shed my blood;
and though you wait your turn and chance at me;
still I will undertake the quest and will
try all my skill to bring you back with me.
If my good fortune then will favor me,
I shall obtain your arrows; as I made
the Trojan seer my captive, as I learned
the heavenly oracles and fate of Troy,
and as I brought back through a host of foes
Minerva's image from the citadel.
“And is it possible, Ajax may now
compare himself with me?

339Nempe capi Troiam prohibebant fata sine illo: 340fortis ubi est Aiax? Ubi sunt ingentia magni verba viri? Cur hic metuis? cur audet Ulixes ire per excubias et se committere nocti perque feros enses non tantum moenia Troum, verum etiam summas arces intrare suaque 345eripere aede deam raptamque adferre per hostes? Quae nisi fecissem, frustra Telamone creatus gestasset laeva taurorum tergora septem. Illa nocte mihi Troiae victoria parta est, Pergama tunc vici, cum vinci posse coegi! 350Desine Tydiden vultuque et murmure nobis ostentare meum: pars est sua laudis in illo. Nec tu, cum socia clipeum pro classe tenebas, solus eras: tibi turba comes, mihi contigit unus. Qui nisi pugnacem sciret sapiente minorem 355esse nec indomitae deberi praemia dextrae, ipse quoque haec peteret, peteret moderatior Aiax Eurypylusque ferox claroque Andraemone natus, nec minus Idomeneus patriaque creatus eadem Meriones, peteret maioris frater Atridae: 360quippe manu fortes nec sunt tibi Marte secundi, consiliis cessere meis. Tibi dextera bello utilis: ingenium est, quod eget moderamine nostro;

Truly the Fates
will hold Troy from our capture, if we leave
the statue. Where is valiant Ajax now,
where are the boasts of that tremendous man?
Why are you trembling, while Ulysses dares
to go beyond our guards and brave the night?
In spite of hostile swords, he goes within
not only the strong walls of Troy but even
the citadel, lifts up the goddess from
her shrine, and takes her through the enemy!
If I had not done this, Telamon's son
would bear his shield of seven bull hides in vain.
That night I gained the victory over Troy—
'Twas then I won our war with Pergama,
because I made it possible to win.
“Stop hinting by your look and muttered words
that Diomed was my partner in the deed.
The praise he won is his. You, certainly
fought not alone, when you held up your shield
to save the allied fleet: a multitude
was with you, but a single man gave me
his valued help.
“And if he did not know
a fighting man can not gain victory
so surely as the wise man, that the prize
is given to something rarer than a brave right hand,
he would himself be a contender now
for these illustrious arms. Ajax the less
would have come forward too, so would the fierce
Eurypylus, so would Andraemon's son.
Nor would Idomeneus withhold his claim,
nor would his countryman Meriones.
Yes, Menelaus too would seek the prize.
All these brave men, my equals in the field,
have yielded to my wisdom.
“Your right hand
is valuable in war, your temper stands
in need of my direction.

363tu vires sine mente geris, mihi cura futuri; tu pugnare potes, pugnandi tempora mecum 365eligit Atrides; tu tantum corpore prodes, nos animo; quantoque ratem qui temperat, anteit remigis officium, quanto dux milite maior, tantum ego te supero; nec non in corpore nostro pectora sunt potiora manu: vigor omnis in illis. 370At vos, o proceres, vigili date praemia vestro, proque tot annorum cura, quibus anxius egi, hunc titulum meritis pensandum reddite nostris. Iam labor in fine est: obstantia fata removi altaque posse capi faciendo Pergama cepi. 375Per spes nunc socias casuraque moenia Troum perque deos oro, quos hosti nuper ademi, per siquid superest, quod sit sapienter agendum, siquid adhuc audax ex praecipitique petendum est, 380este mei memores! Aut si mihi non datis arma, huic date!” — et ostendit signum fatale Minervae.

You have strength
without intelligence; I look out for
the future. You are able in the fight;
I help our king to find the proper time.
Your body may give service, and my mind
must point the way: and just as much as he
who guides the ship must be superior
to him who rows it; and we all agree
the general is greater than the soldier; so,
do I excel you. In the body lives
an intellect much rarer than a hand,
by that we measure human excellence.
“O chieftains, recompense my vigilance!
For all these years of anxious care, award
this honor to my many services.
Our victory is in sight; I have removed
the opposing fates and, opening wide the way
to capture Pergama, have captured it.
Now by our common hopes, by Troy's high walls
already tottering and about to fall,
and by the gods that I won from the foe,
by what remains for wisdom to devise
or what may call for bold and fearless deeds—
if you think any hope is left for Troy,
remember me! Or, if you do not give
these arms to me, then give them all to her!”
And he pointed to Minerva's fateful head.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Metamorphoses Book 13, lines 255–381: Odysseus' speech