Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.439–480: Polyxena

The Greeks, held at Thrace by contrary winds, are visited by the ghost of Achilles, who demands the sacrifice of Polyxena, the daughter of Priam, at his tomb. Polyxena goes to the altar bravely, and asks only that her body be given to her mother. She dies with her modesty to the last, and the Greeks watch her fall.

Lines 13.439–480 · 459 words · click a number to copy its link
439Litore Threicio classem religarat Atrides, 440dum mare pacatum, dum ventus amicior esset. Hic subito, quantus cum viveret esse solebat, exit humo late rupta similisque minanti temporis illius vultum referebat Achilles, quo ferus iniustum petiit Agamemnona ferro, 445“inmemores” que “mei disceditis” inquit “Achivi, obrutaque est mecum virtutis gratia nostrae? Ne facite! utque meum non sit sine honore sepulcrum, placet Achilleos mactata Polyxena manes!” Dixit, et inmiti sociis parentibus umbrae, 450rapta sinu matris, quam iam prope sola fovebat, fortis et infelix et plus quam femina virgo ducitur ad tumulum diroque fit hostia busto. Quae memor ipsa sui, postquam crudelibus aris admota est sensitque sibi fera sacra parari, 455utque Neoptolemum stantem ferrumque tenentem utque suo vidit figentem lumina vultu, utere iamdudum generoso sanguine!” dixit, “nulla mora est: aut tu iugulo vel pectore telum conde meo! (iugulumque simul pectusque retexit) Mors tantum vellem matrem mea fallere posset!

Until the sea might be more calm, and gales
of wind might be subdued, Atrides moored
his fleet of ships upon the Thracian shore;
there, from wide gaping earth, Achilles rose,
as large as when he lived, with look as fierce,
as when his sword once threatened Agamemnon.
“Forgetting me do you depart, O Greeks?”
He said, “And is your grateful! memory
of all my worth interred with my bones?
Do not do so. And that my sepulchre
may have due worship, let Polyxena
be immolated to appease the ghost:
of dead Achilles.” Fiercely so he spoke.
The old friends of Achilles all obeyed
his unforgiving shade; and instantly
the noble and unhappy virgin—brave,
more like a man than woman—was torn from
her mother's bosom, cherished more by her,
since widowed and alone. And then they led
the virgin as a sacrifice from there
up to the cruel altar. When the maid
observed the savage rites prepared for her,
and when she noticed Neoptolemus
stand by her with his cruel sword in hand,
his fixed eyes on her countenance; she said:—
“Do not delay my generous gift of blood,
with no resistance thrust the ready steel
into my throat or breast!” And then she laid
both throat and bosom bare. “Polyxena
would never wish to live in slavery.
And such rites win no favor from a god.
Only I fondly wish my mother might
not know that I have died. My love of her
takes from my joy in death and gives me fear.

463Mater obest minuitque necis mihi gaudia, quamvis non mea mors illi, verum sua vita gemenda est. 465Vos modo, ne Stygios adeam non libera manes, ite procul, si iusta peto, tactuque viriles virgineo removete manus! Acceptior illi, quisquis is est, quem caede mea placare paratis, liber erit sanguis. Siquos tamen ultima nostri 470verba movent oris (Priami vos filia regis, nunc captiva rogat), genetrici corpus inemptum reddite, neve auro redimat ius triste sepulcri, sed lacrimis! Tunc, cum poterat, redimebat et auro.” Dixerat, at populus lacrimas, quas illa tenebat, 475non tenet; ipse etiam flens invitusque sacerdos praebita coniecto rupit praecordia ferro. Illa super terram defecto poplite labens pertulit intrepidos ad fata novissima vultus. Tunc quoque cura fuit partes velare tegendas, 480cum caderet, castique decus servare pudoris.

Not my death truly, but her own sad life
should be the most lamented in her tears.
Now let your men stand back, that I may go
with dignity down to the Stygian shades,
and, if my plea is just, let no man's hand
touch my pure virgin body. A nobler gift
to him, whoever he may be, whom you
desire to placate with my death today,
shall be a free maid's blood. But, if my words—
my parting wish, has power to touch your hearts,
(King Priam's daughter, not a captive, pleads)
freely return my body to my mother,
let her not pay with gold for the sad right
to bury me—but only with her tears!
Yes, when she could, she also paid with gold.”
After she said these words, the people could
no more restrain their tears; but no one saw
her shed one tear. Even the priest himself,
reluctantly and weeping, drove the steel
into her proffered breast. On failing knees
she sank down to the earth; but still maintained
a countenance undaunted to the last:
and, even unto death, it was her care
to cover all that ought to be concealed,
and save the value of chaste modesty.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.