Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 14.440–526: Diomedes' companions; the wild olive

Macareus ends his tale, and Aeneas' nurse is buried at Caieta. Aeneas wins the daughter of King Latinus, and Turnus, to whom she was promised, makes war on him. Venulus is sent to Diomedes for help, and Diomedes refuses, telling of the sufferings of the Greeks on their return from Troy and of how his own companions were turned into birds after Aphrodite's (Venus') anger. He also tells of the Apulian shepherd who mocked the nymphs and was turned into a wild olive.

Lines 14.440–526 · 936 words · click a number to copy its link
440Pertimui, fateor, nactusque hoc litus adhaesi.” Finierat Macareus. Urnaque Aeneia nutrix condita marmoreo tumulo breve carmen habebat: HIC ME CAIETAM NOTAE PIETATIS ALUMNUS EREPTAM ARGOLICO QUO DEBUIT IGNE CREMAVIT. 445Solvitur herboso religatus ab aggere funis, et procul insidias infamataeque relinquunt tecta deae lucosque petunt, ubi nubilus umbra in mare cum flava prorumpit Thybris harena; Faunigenaeque domo potitur nataque Latini, 450non sine Marte tamen: bellum cum gente feroci suscipitur, pactaque furit pro coniuge Turnus. Concurrit Latio Tyrrhenia tota, diuque ardua sollicitis victoria quaeritur armis. Auget uterque suas externo robore vires, 455et multi Rutulos, multi Troiana tuentur castra. Neque Aeneas Euandri ad moenia frustra, at Venulus frustra profugi Diomedis ad urbem venerat: ille quidem sub Iapyge maxima Dauno moenia condiderat dotaliaque arva tenebat.

I was alarmed, I will confess to you;
so, having reached these shores, I have remained.”
Macareus finished. And Aeneas' nurse,
now buried in a marble urn, had this
brief, strange inscription on her tomb:—
“My foster-child of proven piety,
burned me Caieta here: although
I was at first preserved from Argive fire,
I later burned with fire which was my due.”
The cable loosened from the grassy bank,
they steered a course which kept them well away
from ill famed Circe's wiles and from her home
and sought the groves where Tiber dark with shade,
breaks with his yellow sands into the sea.
Aeneas then fell heir to the home and won
the daughter of Latinus, Faunus' son,
not without war. A people very fierce
made war, and Turnus, their young chief,
indignant fought to hold a promised bride.
With Latium all Etruria was embroiled,
a victory hard to win was sought through war.
By foreign aid each side got further strength:
the camp of Rutuli abounds in men,
and many throng the opposing camp of Troy.
Aeneas did not find Evander's home
in vain. But Venulus with no success
came to the realm of exiled Diomed.
That hero had marked out his mighty walls
with favor of Iapygian Daunus and
held fields that came to him as marriage dower.

460Sed Venulus Turni postquam mandata peregit auxilium petiit, vires Aetolius heros excusat: nec se aut soceri committere pugnae velle sui populos, aut quos e gente suorum armet habere ullos, “neve haec commenta putetis, 465admonitu quamquam luctus renoventur amari perpetiar memorare tamen. Postquam alta cremata est Ilion et Danaas paverunt Pergama flammas, Naryciusque heros, a virgine virgine rapta, quam meruit poenam solus, digessit in omnes, 470spargimur et ventis inimica per aequora rapti fulmina, noctem, imbres, iram caelique marisque perpetimur Danai cumulumque Capherea cladis. Neve morer referens tristes ex ordine casus, Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri. 475Me tamen armiferae servatum cura Minervae fluctibus eripuit, patriis sed rursus ab agris pellor, et antiquo memores de vulnere poenas exigit alma Venus, tantosque per alta labores aequora sustinui, tantos terrestribus armis, 480ut mihi felices sint illi saepe vocati, quos communis hiems importunusque Caphereus mersit aquis, vellemque horum pars una fuissem.

When Venulus, by Turnus' orders, made
request for aid, the Aetolian hero said
that he was poor in men: he did not wish
to risk in battle himself nor any troops
belonging to his father-in-law and had
no troops of his that he could arm for battle.
“Lest you should think I feign,” he then went on
“Although my grief must be renewed because
of bitter recollections of the past,
I will endure recital now to you:—
“After the lofty Ilion was burnt
and Pergama had fed the Grecian flames,
and Ajax, the Narycian hero, had
brought from a virgin, for a virgin wronged,
the punishment which he alone deserved
on our whole expedition, we were then
dispersed and driven by violent winds
over the hostile seas; and we, the Greeks,
had to endure in darkness, lightning, rain,
the wrath both of the heavens and of the sea,
and Caphareus, the climax of our woe.
Not to detain you by relating such
unhappy things in order, Greece might then
have seemed to merit even Priam's tears.
“Although well armed Minerva's care preserved
me then and brought me safe through rocks and waves,
from my native Argos I was driven again,
for outraged Venus took her full revenge
remembering still that wound of long ago;
and I endured such hardships on the deep,
and hazards amid armies on the shore,
that often I called those happy whom the storm—
an ill that came on all, or Cephareus had drowned.

483Ultima iam passi comites belloque fretoque deficiunt finemque rogant erroris, at Acmon 485fervidus ingenio, tum vero et cladibus asper, “quid superest, quod iam patientia nostra recuset ferre, viri?” dixit; “quid habet Cytherea, quod ultra (velle puta!) faciat? Nam dum peiora timentur, est locus in vulnus: sors autem ubi pessima rerum, 490sub pedibus timor est securaque summa malorum. Audiat ipsa licet, et, quod facit, oderit omnes sub Diomede viros, odium tamen illius omnes spernimus: et magno stat magna potentia nobis!” Talibus iratam Venerem Pleuronius Acmon 495instimulat verbis stimulisque resuscitat iram. Dicta placent paucis: numeri maioris amici Acmona corripimus; cui respondere volenti vox pariter vocisque via est tenuata, comaeque in plumas abeunt, plumis nova colla teguntur 500pectoraque et tergum, maiores bracchia pennas accipiunt, cubitusque leves sinuatur in alas.

I even wished I had been one of them.
“My best companions having now endured
utmost extremities in wars and seas,
lost courage and demanded a swift end
of our long wandering. Acmon, by nature hot,
and much embittered by misfortune, said,
‘What now remains for you, my friends,
that patience can endure? What can be done
by Venus (if she wants to) more than she
already has done? While we have a dread
of greater evils, reason will be found
for patience; but, when fortune brings her worst,
we scorn and trample fear beneath our feet.
Upon the height of woe, why should we care?
Let Venus listen, let her hate Diomed
more than all others—as indeed she does,
we all despise her hate. At a great price
we have bought and won the right to such contempt!’
“With language of this kind Pleuronian Acmon.
Provoking Venus further than before,
revived her former anger. His fierce words
were then approved of by a few, while we
the greater number of his real friends,
rebuked the words of Acmon: and while he
prepared to answer us, his voice, and even
the passage of his voice, were both at once
diminished, his hair changed to feathers, while
his neck took a new form.

502Magna pedis digitos pars occupat, oraque cornu indurata rigent finemque in acumine ponunt. Hunc Lycus, hunc Idas et cum Rhexenore Nycteus, 505hunc miratur Abas: et dum mirantur, eandem accipiunt faciem, numerusque ex agmine maior subvolat et remos plausis circumvolat alis. Si volucrum quae sit dubiarum forma, requiris, ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis. 510Vix equidem has sedes et Iapygis arida Dauni arva gener teneo minima cum parte meorum.” Hactenus Oenides. Venulus Calydonia regna Peucetiosque sinus Messapiaque arva relinquit. In quibus antra videt, quae multa nubila silva 515et levibus cannis manantia semicaper Pan nunc tenet, at quodam tenuerunt tempore nymphae. Apulus has illa pastor regione fugatas terruit et primo subita formidine movit, mox, ubi mens rediit et contempsere sequentem, 520ad numerum motis pedibus duxere choreas. Improbat has pastor, saltuque imitatus agresti addidit obscenis convicia rustica dictis, nec prius os tacuit, quam guttura condidit arbor: arbore enim sucoque licet cognoscere mores; 525quippe notam linguae bacis oleaster amaris exhibet: asperitas verborum cessit in illas.

His breast and back
covered themselves with down, and both his arms
grew longer feathers, and his elbows curved
into light wings, much of each foot was changed
to long toes, and his mouth grew still and hard
with pointed horn.
“Amazed at his swift change
were Lycus, Abas, Nycteus and Rhexenor.
And, while they stared, they took his feathered shape.
The larger portion of my company
flew from their boat, resounding all around
our oars with flapping of new-fashioned wings.
If you should ask the form of these strange birds
they were like snowy swans, though not the same.
“Now as Iapygian Daunus' son-in-law
I scarcely hold this town and arid fields
with my small remnant of trustworthy men.”
So Diomed made answer. Venulus
soon after left the Calydonian realms,
Peucetian bays, and the Messapian fields.
Among those fields he saw a darkened cave
in woods and waving reeds. The halfgoat Pan
now lives there, but in older time the nymphs
possessed it. An Apulian shepherd scared
them from that spot. At first he terrified
them with a sudden fear, but soon in scorn,
as they considered what the intruder was,
they danced before him, moving feet to time.
The shepherd clown abused them, capering,
grotesquely imitating graceful steps,
and railed at them with coarse and foolish words.
He was not silent till a tree's new bark
had closed his mouth for now he is a tree.
And the wild olive's fruit took bitterness
from him. It has the tartness of his tongue.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.