Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.481–575: Hecuba and Polymestor

The Trojan women take up Polyxena's body and weep for all the sons of Priam, and Hecuba, who has lost nearly all her children, finds on the shore the body of her son Polydorus. She pretends to Polymestor that she has more treasure to give him, and draws him and his sons aside. With the help of the Trojan women she blinds him and kills his sons, and when she is stoned by the Thracians she turns into a dog, and her barking fills the land. Her fate moves even Hera (Juno).

Lines 13.481–575 · 1051 words · click a number to copy its link
481Troades excipiunt deploratosque recensent Priamidas et quid dederit domus una cruoris, teque gemunt, virgo, teque, o modo regia coniunx, regia dicta parens, Asiae florentis imago, 485nunc etiam praedae mala sors, quam victor Ulixes esse suam nollet, nisi quod tamen Hectora partu edideras: dominum matri vix repperit Hector! Quae corpus complexa animae tam fortis inane, quas totiens patriae dederat natisque viroque, 490huic quoque dat lacrimas lacrimas in vulnera fundit osculaque ore tegit consuetaque pectora plangit canitiemque suam concreto in sanguine verrens plura quidem, sed et haec laniato pectore dixit: “Nata, tuae (quid enim superest?) dolor ultime matris, 495nata, iaces, videoque tuum, mea vulnera, pectus, et ne perdiderim quemquam sine caede meorum, tu quoque vulnus habes! At te, quia femina, rebar a ferro tutam: cecidisti et femina ferro, totque tuos idem fratres, te perdidit idem, 500exitium Troiae nostrique orbator, Achilles.

The Trojan matrons took her and recalled,
lamenting, all the sons of Priam dead,
the wealth of blood one house had shed for all.
And they bewailed the chaste Polyxena
and you, her mother, only lately called
a royal mother and a royal wife,—
the soul of Asia's fair prosperity,;
now lowest fallen in all the wreck of Troy.
The conquering Ulysses only claimed
her his because she had brought Hector forth:
and Hector hardly found a master for
his mother. She continued to embrace
the body of a soul so brave, and shed
her tears, as she had shed them often before
for country lost, for sons, for royal mate.
She bathed her daughter's wounds with tears and kissed
them with her lips and once more beat her breast.
Her white hair streamed down in the clotting blood,
she tore her breast, and this and more she said:
“My daughter, what further sorrow can be mine?
My daughter you lie dead, I see your wounds—
they are indeed my own. Lest I should lose
one child of mine without a cruel sword,
you have your wound. I thought, because
you were a woman, you were safe from swords.
But you, a woman, felt the deadly steel.
That same Achilles, who has given to death
so many of your brothers, caused your death,
the bane of Troy and the serpent by my nest!

501At postquam cecidit Paridis Phoebique sagittis, “nunc certe,” dixi, “non est metuendus Achilles!rsquo; Nunc quoque mi metuendus erat: cinis ipse sepulti in genus hoc saevit, tumulo quoque sensimus hostem. 505Aeacidae fecunda fui! Iacet Ilion ingens, eventuque gravi finita est publica clades, — sed finita tamen; soli mihi Pergama restant, in cursuque meus dolor est: modo maxima rerum, tot generis natisque potens nuribusque viroque, 510nunc trahor exul, inops, tumulis avulsa meorum, Penelopae munus; quae me data pensa trahentem matribus ostendens Ithacis “haec Hectoris illa est clara parens, haec est” dicet “Priameia coniunx!” Postque tot amissos tu nunc, quae sola levabas 515maternos luctus, hostilia busta piasti! Inferias hosti peperi! Quo ferrea resto? Quidve moror? Quo me servas, annosa senectus? Quo, di crudeles, nisi uti nova funera cernam, vivacem differtis anum? Quis posse putaret 520felicem Priamum post diruta Pergama dici?

When Paris and when Phoebus with their shafts
had laid him low, ‘Ah, now at least,’ I said,
‘Achilles will no longer cause me dread.’
Yet even then he still was to be feared.
For him I have been fertile! Mighty Troy
now lies in ruin, and the public woe
is ended in one vast calamity.
For me alone the woe of Troy still lives.
“But lately on the pinnacle of fame,
surrounded by my powerful sons-in-law,
daughters, and daughters-in-law, and strong
in my great husband, I am exiled now,
and destitute, and forced from the sad tombs
of those I love, to wretched slavery,
serving Penelope: who showing me
to curious dames of Ithaca, will point
and say, while I am bending to my task,
‘Look at that woman who was widely known,
the mother of great Hector, once the wife
of Priam!’ After so many have been lost,
now you, last comfort of a mother's grief,
must make atonement on the foeman's tomb.
I bore a victim for my enemy.
“Why do I live—an iron witted wretch?
Why do I linger? Why does cruel age
detain me? Why, pernicious deities,
thus hold me to this earth, unless you will
that I may weep at future funerals?
After the fall of Troy, who would suppose
King Priam could be happy?

521Felix morte sua est, nec te, mea nata, peremptam adspicit et vitam pariter regnumque reliquit. At, puto, funeribus dotabere, regia virgo, condeturque tuum monumentis corpus avitis. 525Non haec est fortuna domus: tibi munera matris contingent fletus peregrinaeque haustus harenae! Omnia perdidimus: superest, cur vivere tempus in breve sustineam, proles gratissima matri, nunc solus, quondam minimus de stirpe virili, 530has datus Ismario regi Polydorus in oras. Quid moror interea crudelia vulnera lymphis abluere et sparsos inmiti sanguine vultus?” Dixit et ad litus passu processit anili, albentes lacerata comas. “Date, Troades, urnam” 535dixerat infelix, liquidas hauriret ut undas: adspicit eiectum Polydori in litore corpus factaque Threiciis ingentia vulnera telis!

Blest in death,
he has not seen my daughter's dreadful fate.
He lost at once his kingdom and his life.
“Can I imagine you, a royal maid,
will soon be honored with due funeral rites,
and will be buried in our family tomb?
Such fortune comes no more to your sad house.
A drift of foreign sand will be your grave,
the parting gift will be your mother's tears.
We have lost everything! But no, there is
one reason why I should endure a while.
His mother's dearest, now her only child,
once youngest of that company of sons,
my Polydorus lives here on these shores
protected by the friendly Thracian king.
Then why delay to bathe these cruel wounds,
her dear face spattered with the dreadful blood?”
So Hecuba went wailing towards the shore
with aged step and tearing her gray hair.
At last the unhappy mother said, “Give me
an urn; O, Trojan women!” for, she wished
to dip up salt sea water. But just then,
she saw the corpse of her last son, thrown out
upon the shore; her Polydorus, killed,
disfigured with deep wounds of Thracian swords.

538Troades exclamant: obmutuit illa dolore, et pariter vocem lacrimasque introrsus obortas 540devorat ipse dolor, duroque simillima saxo torpet et adversa figit modo lumina terra, interdum torvos sustollit ad aethera vultus, nunc positi spectat vultum, nunc vulnera nati vulnera praecipue, seque armat et instruit iram.” 545Qua simul exarsit, tamquam regina maneret, ulcisci statuit poenaeque in imagine tota est, utque furit catulo lactente orbata leaena signaque nacta pedum sequitur, quem non videt, hostem, sic Hecube, postquam cum luctu miscuit iram, 550non oblita animorum, annorum oblita suorum, vadit ad artificem dirae, Polymestora, caedis conloquiumque petit: nam se monstrare relictum velle latens illi, quod nato redderet, aurum. Credidit Odrysius praedaeque adsuetus amore 555in secreta venit. Tum blando callidus ore “tolle moras, Hecube,” dixit, “da munera nato!

The Trojan women cried aloud, and she
was struck dumb with her agony, which quite
consumed both voice and tears within her heart—
rigid and still she seemed as a hard rock.
And now she gazes at the earth in front
now lifts her haggard face up toward the skies,
now scans that body lying stark and dead,
now scans his wounds and most of all the wounds.
She arms herself and draws up all her wrath.
It burned as if she still held regal power
she gave up all life to the single thought
of quick revenge. Just as a lioness
rages when plundered of her suckling cub
and follows on his trail the unseen foe,
so, Hecuba with rage mixed in her grief
forgetful of her years, not her intent,
went hastily to Polymnestor, who
contrived this dreadful murder, and desired
an interview, pretending it was her wish
to show him hidden gold, for her lost son.
The Odrysian king believed it all:
accustomed to the love of gain, he went
with her, in secret, to the spot she chose.
Then craftily he said in his bland way:
“Oh, Hecuba, you need not wait, give now,
munificently to your son—and all
you give, and all that you have given,
by the good gods, I swear, shall be his own.”

557Omne fore illius quod das, quod et ante dedisti, per superos iuro.” Spectat truculenta loquentem falsaque iurantem tumidaque exaestuat ira 560atque ita correpto captivarum agmina matrum invocat et digitos in perfida lumina condit expellitque genis oculos (facit ira nocentem) immergitque manus, foedataque sanguine sonti non lumen (neque enim superest), loca luminis haurit. 565Clade sui Thracum gens inritata tyranni Troada telorum lapidumque incessere iactu coepit. At haec missum rauco cum murmure saxum morsibus insequitur, rictuque in verba parato latravit, conata loqui: locus exstat et ex re 570nomen habet, veterumque diu memor illa malorum tum quoque Sithonios ululavit maesta per agros. illius Troasque suos hostesque Pelasgos, illius fortuna deos quoque moverat omnes, sic omnes, ut et ipsa Iovis coniunxque sororque 575eventus Hecubam meruisse negaverit illos.

She eyed him sternly as he spoke
and swore so falsely.—Then her rage boiled over,
and, seconded by all her captive train,
she flew at him and drove her fingers deep
in his perfidious eyes; and tore them from
his face—and plunged her hands into the raw
and bleeding sockets (passion made her strong),
defiled with his bad blood. How could she tear
his eyes, gone from their seats? She wildly gouged
the sightless sockets of his bleeding face!
The Thracians, angered by such violence done
upon their king, immediately attacked
the Trojan matron with their stones and darts
but she with hoarse growling and snapping jaws
sprang at the stones, and, when she tried to speak,
she barked like a fierce dog. The place still bears
a name suggested by her hideous change.
And she, long mindful! of her old time woe,
ran howling dismally in Thracian fields.
Her sad fate moved the Trojans and the Greeks,
her friends and foes, and all the heavenly gods.
Yes all, for even the sister-wife of Jove
denied that Hecuba deserved such fate.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Metamorphoses 13.481–575: Hecuba and Polymestor | Ovid