Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 12.534–628: Periclymenus and the death of Achilles

Nestor ends his tale, and Tlepolemus, a son of Heracles (Hercules), reproaches him for passing over his father, and Nestor says that Heracles killed all his brothers except Periclymenus, whom Poseidon (Neptune) had given the power to change his shape, and who escaped by turning into an eagle until Heracles shot him. Poseidon, angry at the death of Cycnus, asks Apollo to destroy Achilles, and Apollo directs Paris' arrow, which kills him. His ashes lie in a small urn, and the contest for his armour begins.

Lines 12.534–628 · 993 words · click a number to copy its link
534nec prius abstitimus ferro exercere dolorem, 535quam data pars leto, partem fuga noxque removit.” Haec inter Lapithas et semihomines Centauros proelia Tlepolemus Pylio referente dolorem praeteriti Alcidae tacito non pertulit ore atque ait: “Herculeae mirum est oblivia laudis 540acta tibi, senior! Certe mihi saepe referre nubigenas domitos a se pater esse solebat.” Tristis ad haec Pylius: “Quid me meminisse malorum cogis et obductos oculis rescindere luctus inque tuum genitorem odium offensasque fateri? 545Ille quidem maiora fide, di! gessit et orbem inplevit meritis, quod mallem posse negare: sed neque Deiphobum nec Polydamanta nec ipsum Hectora laudamus—quis enim laudaverit hostem?

Then in revenge
we plied our swords, till half our foes were dead,
and only flight and darkness saved the rest.”
Nestor had hardly told this marvellous tale
of bitter strife betwixt the Lapithae
and those half-human, vanquished Centaurs, when
Tlepolemus, incensed because no word
of praise was given to Hercules, replied
in this way; “Old sir, it is very strange,
you have neglected to say one good word
in praise of Hercules. My father told
me often, that he overcame in battle
those cloud born centaurs.”
Nestor, very loth,
replied, “Why force me to recall old wrongs,
to uncover sorrow buried by the years,
that made me hate your father? It is true
his deeds were wonderful beyond belief,
heaven knows, and filled the earth with well earned praise
which I should rather wish might be denied.

549Ille tuus genitor Messenia moenia quondam 550stravit et inmeritas urbes Elimque Pylumque diruit inque meos ferrum flammamque penatis inpulit, utque alios taceam, quos ille peremit, bis sex Nelidae fuimus, conspecta iuventus: bis sex Herculeis ceciderunt me minus uno 555viribus; atque alios vinci potuisse ferendum est: mira Periclymeni mors est, cui posse figuras sumere, quas vellet, rursusque reponere sumptas Neptunus dederat, Nelei sanguinis auctor. Hic ubi nequiquam est formas variatus in omnes, 560vertitur in faciem volucris, quae fulmina curvis ferre solet pedibus divum gratissima regi; Viribus usus avis pennis rostroque redunco hamatisque viri laniaverat unguibus ora: tendit in hunc nimium certos Tirynthius arcus 565atque inter nubes sublimia membra ferentem pendentemque ferit, lateri qua iungitur ala; nec grave vulnus erat sed rupti vulnere nervi deficiunt motumque negant viresque volandi.

Deiphobus, the wise Polydamas, and even
great Hector get no praise from me.
Your father, I recall once overthrew
Messene's walls and with no cause destroyed
Elis and Pylos and with fire and sword
ruined my own loved home. I cannot name
all whom he killed. But there were twelve of us,
the sons of Neleus and all warrior youths,
and all those twelve but me alone he killed.
Ten of them met the common fate of war,
but sadder was the death of Periclymenus.
“Neptune, the founder of my family,
had granted him a power to assume
whatever shape he chose, and when he wished
to lay that shape aside. When he, in vain,
had been transformed to many other shapes
he turned into the form of that bird, which
is wont to carry in his crooked talons
the forked lightnings, favorite bird of Jove.
With wings and crooked bill and sharp-hooked talons,
he assailed and tore the face of Hercules.
But, when he soared away on eagle wings
up to the clouds and hovered, poised in air,
that hero aimed his too unerring bow
and hit him where the new wing joined his side.
The wound was not large, but his sinews cut
failed to uphold him, and denied his wings
their strength and motion.

569Decidit in terram, non concipientibus auras 570infirmis pennis, et qua levis haeserat alae, corporis adfixi pressa est gravitate sagitta perque latus summum iugulo est exacta sinistro. Nunc videor debere tui praeconia rebus Herculis, o Rhodiae rector pulcherrime classis? 575Nec tamen ulterius, quam fortia facta silendo ulciscor fratres: solida est mihi gratia tecum.” Haec postquam dulci Neleius edidit ore, a sermone senis repetito munere Bacchi surrexere toris: nox est data cetera somno. 580At deus, aequoreas qui cuspide temperat undas, in volucrem corpus nati Phaethontida versum mente dolet patria saevumque perosus Achillem exercet memores plus quam civiliter iras, iamque fere tracto duo per quinquennia bello 585talibus intonsum conpellat Sminthea dictis: “O mihi de fratris longe gratissime natis, inrita qui mecum posuisti moenia Troiae, ecquid, ubi has iamiam casuras adspicis arces, ingemis? Aut ecquid tot defendentia muros 590milia caesa doles? Ecquid, ne persequar omnes, Hectoris umbra subit circum sua Pergama tracti?

He fell down to earth;
his weakened pinions could not catch the air.
And the sharp arrow, which had lightly pierced
the wing, was driven upward through the side
into the left part of my brother's neck.
“O noble leader of the Rhodian fleet,
why should I sing the praise of Hercules?
But for my brothers I take no revenge
except withholding praise of his great deeds.
With you, my friendship will remain secure.”
When Nestor with his honied tongue had told
these tales of old, they all took wine again
and they arose and gave the night to sleep.
But Neptune, who commands the ocean waves,
lamented with a father's grief his son,
whose person he had changed into a bird—
the swan of Phaethon, and towards Achilles,
grim victor in the fight, his lasting hate
made him pursue resentment far beyond
the ordinary manner of the gods.
After nine years of war he spoke these words,
addressing long haired Sminthean Apollo:
“O nephew the most dear to me of all
my brother's sons, with me you built in vain
the walls of Troy: you must be lost in grief,
when you look on those towers so soon to fall?
Or do you not lament the multitudes
slain in defence of them—To name but one:
“Does not the ghost of Hector, dragged around
his Pergama, appear to you?

592cum tamen ille ferox belloque cruentior ipso vivit adhuc, operis nostri populator, Achilles. Det mihi se! faxo, triplici quid cuspide possim, 595sentiat; at quoniam concurrere comminus hosti non datur, occulta necopinum perde sagitta!” Adnuit atque animo pariter patruique suoque Delius indulgens nebula velatus in agmen pervenit Iliacum mediaque in caede virorum 600rara per ignotos spargentem cernit Achivos tela Parim fassusque deum “Quid spicula perdis sanguine plebis?” ait. “Siqua est tibi cura tuorum, vertere in Aeaciden caesosque ulciscere fratres!” Dixit et ostendens sternentem Troica ferro 605corpora Peliden, arcus obvertit in illum certaque letifera direxit spicula dextra. Quod Priamus gaudere senex post Hectora posset, hoc fuit: ille igitur tantorum victor, Achille, victus es a timido Graiae raptore maritae! 610At si femineo fuerat tibi Marte cadendum, Thermodontiaca malles cecidisse bipenni!

And yet
the fierce Achilles, who is bloodstained more
than slaughtering war, lives on this earth,
for the destruction of our toil. Let him
once get into my power, and I will make
him feel the action of my triple spear.
But, since I may not meet him face to face,
do you with sudden arrow give him death.”
The Delian god, Apollo, gave assent,
both for his own hate and his uncle's rage.
Veiled in a cloud, he found the Trojan host
and, there, while bloody strife went on, he saw
the hero Paris shoot at intervals
his arrows at the nameless host of Greeks.
Revealing his divinity, he said:
“Why spend your arrows on the common men
if you would serve your people, take good aim
at great Achilles and at last avenge
your hapless brothers whom he gave to death.”
He pointed out Achilles—laying low
the Trojan warriors with his mighty spear.
On him he turned the Trojan's willing bow
and guided with his hand the fatal shaft.
It was the first joy that old Priam knew
since Hector's death. So then Achilles you,
who overcame the mighty, were subdued
by a coward who seduced a Grecian wife!
Ah, if you could not die by manly hands,
your choice had been the axe.

612Iam timor ille Phrygum, decus et tutela Pelasgi nominis, Aeacides, caput insuperabile bello, arserat: armarat deus idem idemque cremabat; 615iam cinis est, et de tam magno restat Achille nescio quid parvam, quod non bene conpleat urnam: at vivit totum quae gloria conpleat orbem! Haec illi mensura viro respondet, et hac est par sibi Pelides nec inania Tartara sentit. 620Ipse etiam, ut, cuius fuerit, cognoscere posses bella movet clipeus, deque armis arma feruntur. Non ea Tydides, non audet Oileos Aiax, non minor Atrides, non bello maior et aevo poscere, non alii: solis Telamone creato 625Laerteque fuit tantae fiducia laudis. A se Tantalides onus invidiamque removit Argolicosque duces mediis considere castris iussit et arbitrium litis traiecit in omnes.

Now that great terror of the Trojan race,
the glory and defence of the Pelasgians,
Achilles, first in war, lay on the pyre.
The god of Fire first armed, then burned, his limbs.
And now he is but ashes; and of him, so great,
renowned and mighty, but a pitiful
handful of small dust insufficient for
a little urn! But all his glory lives
enough to fill the world—a great reward.
And in that glory is his real life:
in a true sense he will never know the void
of Tartarus.
But soon his very shield—
that men might know to whom it had belonged—
brings war, and arms are taken for his arms.
Neither Diomed nor Ajax called the less
ventured to claim the hero's mighty shield.
Menelaus and other warlike chiefs,
even Agamemnon, all withdrew their claims.
Only the greater Ajax and Ulysses
had such assurance that they dared contest
for that great prize. Then Agamemnon chose
to avoid the odium of preferring one.
He bade the Argolic chieftains take their seats
within the camp and left to all of them
the hearing and decision of the cause.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.