Ovid · Metamorphoses Metamorphoses

Ovid, Metamorphoses 12.146–209: Caeneus

A truce follows the first battle at Troy, and at a feast in the Greek camp Achilles' invulnerability is praised, and Nestor tells of a similar man, Caeneus. Nestor tells how Caeneus was once the girl Caenis, loved by Poseidon (Neptune), who granted her wish to become a man who could not be wounded. Caeneus, rejoicing, lived for years as a man in northern Thessaly.

Lines 12.146–209 · 696 words · click a number to copy its link
146Hic labor, haec requiem multorum pugna dierum attulit, et positis pars utraque substitit armis. Dumque vigil Phrygios servat custodia muros et vigil Argolicas servat custodia fossas, 150festa dies aderat, qua Cygni victor Achilles Pallada mactatae placabat sanguine vaccae. Cuius ut inposuit prosecta calentibus aris et dis acceptus penetravit in aethera nidor, sacra tulere suam, pars est data cetera mensis. 155Discubuere toris proceres et corpora tosta carne replent vinoque levant curasque sitimque. Non illos citharae, non illos carmina vocum longave multifori delectat tibia buxi, sed noctem sermone trahunt, virtusque loquendi 160materia est: pugnas referunt hostisque suasque, inque vices adita atque exhausta pericula saepe commemorare iuvat,— quid enim loqueretur Achilles, aut quid apud magnum potius loquerentur Achillem?

There was a truce
for many days after this opening fight
while both sides resting, laid aside their arms.
A watchful guard patroled the Phrygian walls;
the Grecian trenches had their watchful guard.
Then, on a festal day, Achilles gave
the blood of a slain heifer to obtain
the favor of Athena for their cause.
The entrails burned upon the altar, while
the odor, grateful to the deities,
was mounting to the skies. When sacred rites
were done, a banquet for the heroes was
served on their tables. There the Grecian chiefs
reclined on couches; while they satisfied
themselves with roasted flesh, and banished cares:
and thirst with wine. Nor harp nor singing voice
nor long pipe made of boxwood pierced with holes,
delighted them. They talked of their own deeds
and valor, all that thrilling night: and even
the strength of enemies whom they had met
and overcome. What else could they admit
or think of, while the great Achilles spoke
or listened to them? But especially
the recent victory over Cygnus held
them ardent.

164Proxima praecipue domito victoria Cygno 165in sermone fuit. Visum mirabile cunctis, quod iuvenis corpus nullo penetrabile telo invictumque a vulnere erat ferrumque terebat. Hoc ipse Aeacides, hoc mirabantur Achivi, cum sic Nestor ait: “Vestro fuit unicus aevo 170contemptor ferri nulloque forabilis ictu Cygnus. At ipse olim patientem vulnera mille corpore non laeso Perrhaebum Caenea vidi, Caenea Perrhaebum, qui factis inclitus Othryn incoluit; quoque id mirum magis esset in illo, 175femina natus erat.” Monstri novitate feruntur quisquis adest, narretque rogant. Quos inter Achilles: “Dic age! nam cunctis eadem est audire voluntas, o facunde senex, aevi prudentia nostri, quis fuerit Caeneus, cur in contraria versus, 180qua tibi militia, cuius certamine pugnae cognitus, a quo sit victus, si victus ab ullo est.” Tum senior: “Quamvis obstet mihi tarda vetustas, multaque me fugiant primis spectata sub annis, plura tamen memini. Nec, quae magis haereat ulla 185pectore res nostro est inter bellique domique acta tot. Ac siquem potuit spatiosa senectus spectatorem operum multorum reddere, vixi annos bis centum; nunc tertia vivitur aetas.

Wonderful it seemed to them
that such a youth could be composed of flesh
not penetrable by the sharpest spear;
of flesh which blunted even hardened steel,
and never could be wounded. All the Greeks,
and even Achilles wondered at the thought.
Then Nestor said to them: “During your time,
Cygnus has been the only man you knew
who could despise all weapons and whose flesh
could not be pierced by thrust of sword or spear.
But long ago I saw another man
able to bear unharmed a thousand strokes,
Caeneus of Thessaly, Caeneus who lived
upon Mt. Othrys. He was famed in war
yet, strange to say, by birth he was a woman!”
Then all expressed the greatest wonderment,
and begged to hear the story of his life.
Achilles cried, “O eloquent old man!
The wisdom of our age! All of us wish
to hear, who was this Caeneus? Why was he
changed to the other sex? in what campaigns,
and in what wars was he so known to you?
Who conquered him, if any ever did?”
The aged man replied to them with care:—
“Although my great age is a harm to me,
and many actions of my early days
escape my memory; yet, most of them
are well remembered. Nothing of old days,
amid so many deeds of war and peace,
can be more firmly fixed upon my mind
than the strange story I shall tell of him.
“If long extent of years made anyone
a witness of most wonderful events
and many, truly I may say to you
that I have lived two hundred years; and now
have entered my third century.

189Clara decore fuit proles Elateia Caenis, 190Thessalidum virgo pulcherrima, perque propinquas perque tuas urbes (tibi enim popularis, Achille), multorum frustra votis optata procorum. Temptasset Peleus thalamos quoque forsitan illos, sed iam aut contigerant illi conubia matris, 195aut fuerant promissa, tuae. Nec Caenis in ullos denupsit thalamos secretaque litora carpens aequorei vim passa dei est (ita fama ferebat), utque novae Veneris Neptunus gaudia cepit, “sint tua vota licet” dixit “secura repulsae: 200elige, quid voveas!” (eadem hoc quoque fama ferebat). “Magnum” Caenis ait “facit haec iniuria votum; tale pati iam posse nihil; da, femina ne sim: omnia praestiteris.” Graviore novissima dixit verba sono, poteratque viri vox illa videri, 205sicut erat; nam iam voto deus aequoris alti adnuerat dederatque super, ne saucius ullis vulneribus fieri ferrove occumbere posset. Munere laetus abit studiisque virilibus aevum exigit Atracides Peneiaque arva pererrat.

The daughter of Elatus, Caenis, was
remarkable for charm—most beautiful
of all Thessalian maidens—many sighed
for her in vain through all the neighboring towns
and yours, Achilles, for that was her home.
But Peleus did not try to win her love,
for he was either married at that time
to your dear mother, or was pledged to her.
“Caenis never became the willing bride
of any suitor; but report declares,
while she was walking on a lonely shore,
the god of ocean saw and ravished her.
And in the joy of that love Neptune said,
‘Request of me whatever you desire,
and nothing shall deny your dearest wish!’—
the story tells us that he made this pledge.
And Caenis said to Neptune, ‘The great wrong,
which I have suffered from you justifies
the wonderful request that I must make;
I ask that I may never suffer such
an injury again. Grant I may be
no longer woman, and I'll ask no more.’
while she was speaking to him, the last words
of her strange prayer were uttered in so deep,
in such a manly tone, it seemed indeed
they must be from a man.—That was a fact:
Neptune not only had allowed her prayer
but made the new man proof against all wounds
of spear or sword. Rejoicing in the gift
he went his way as Caeneus Atracides,
spent years in every manful exercise,
and roamed the plains of northern Thessaly.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Brookes More (1922). Original text: Hugo Magnus (ed.), Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso, Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1892 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Brookes More, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Boston: Cornhill Publishing Company, 1922.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.