μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὸν μὲν Ἑρμείαν, βουλόμενὸν τι προβαλεῖν τῷ Ζωπυρίωνι, ἀπεκωλύσαμεν· ὁ δὲ ῥήτωρ Μάξιμος ἄπωθεν ἠρώτησεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τῶν Ὁμήρου, ποτέραν χεῖρα τρώσειεν τῆς Ἀφροδίτης ὁ Διομήδης. ταχὺ δὲ τοῦ Ζωπυρίωνος ἀντερομένου ποτέρῳ σκέλει χωλὸς ἦν ὁ Φίλιππος, οὐχ ὅμοιον εἶπεν ὁ Μάξιμος· ʽοὐδεμίαν γὰρ ὁ Δημοσθένης ἀπόλογίαν περὶ τούτου δέδωκε· σὺ δʼ ἂν ἀπορεῖν ὁμολογήσῃς, ἕτεροι δείξουσιν ὅπου τὴν τετρωμένην χεῖρα φράζει τοῖς νοῦν ἔχουσιν ὁ ποιητής. ἔδοξεν οὖν ἡμῖν ὁ Ζωπυρίων διηπορῆσθαι, καὶ τὸν Μάξιμον, ἐκείνου σιωπῶντος, ἠξιοῦμεν ἐπιδεικνύναι.
HERMEAS would have replied to Zopyrion, but we desired him to hold; and Maximus the rhetorician proposed to him this far-fetched question out of Homer, Which of Venus’s hands Diomedes wounded. And Zopyrion presently asking him again, Of which leg was Philip lame?—Maximus replied, It is a different case, for Demosthenes hath left us no foundation upon which we may build our conjecture. But if you confess your ignorance in this matter, others will show how the poet sufficiently intimates to an understanding man which hand it was. Zopyrion being at a stand, we all, since he made no reply, desired Maximus to tell us.
πρῶτον οὖν ὁ Μάξιμος ἔφη τῶν ἐπῶν οὕτως ἐχόντων ἔνθʼ ἐπορεξάμενος μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὸς / ἄκρην οὔτασε χεῖρα, μετάλμενος ὀξέι δουρί, / δῆλόν ἐστιν, ὅτι τὴν ἀριστερὰν πατάξαι βουλόμενος οὐκ ἐδεῖτο μεταπηδήσεως, ἐπεὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀριστερὰν τὴν δεξιὰν εἶχεν ἐξ ἐναντίου προσφερόμενος· καὶ γὰρ εὔλογον ἦν τὴν ἐρρωμενεστέραν χεῖρα καὶ μᾶλλον τοῦ Αἰνείου φερομένου περιεχομένην ἐκεῖνόν τε τρῶσαι καὶ τὴν τρωθεῖσαν προέσθαι τὸ σῶμα. δεύτερον, εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν αὐτῆς ἀνακομισθείσης, καὶ τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν ἀναγελάσαι λέγουσαν ἦ μάλα δή τινα Κύπρις Ἀχαιιάδων ἀνιεῖσα / Τρωσὶν ἅμα σπέσθαι, τοὺς νῦν ἔκπαγλα φίλησε. / τῶν τινα καρρέζουσα Ἀχαιιάδων βαθυκόλπων, / πρὸς χρυσῇ περόνῃ καταμύξατο χεῖρα ἀραιήν. / οἶμαι δὲ καὶ σέ εἶπεν ὦ βέλτιστε διδασκάλων, ὅταν τινὰ τῶν μαθητῶν φιλοφρονούμενος καταψᾷς καὶ καταρρέζῃς, μὴ τῇ ἀριστερᾷ χειρὶ τοῦτο ποιεῖν ἀλλὰ τῇ δεξιᾷ. καθάπερ εἰκός ἐστι καὶ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην, ἐπιδεξιωτάτην θεῶν οὖσαν, οὕτω φιλοφρονεῖσθαι τὰς ἡρωίδας.
And he began: The verses running thus, Then Diomedes raised his mighty spear, / And leaping towards her just did graze her hand; / it is evident that, if he designed to wound her left hand, there had been no need of leaping, since her left hand was opposite to his right. Besides, it is probable that he would endeavor to wound the strongest hand, and that with which she drew away Aeneas; which being wounded, it was likely she would let him go. But more, after she returned to Heaven, Minerva jeeringly said, No doubt fair Venus won a Grecian dame, / To follow her beloved Trojan youths, / And as she gently stroked her with her hand, / Her golden buckler scratched this petty wound. / And I suppose, sir, when you stroke any of your scholars, you use your right hand, and not your left; and it is likely that Venus, the most dexterous of all the goddesses, soothed the heroines after the same manner.
ταῦτα τοὺς ἄλλους ἅπαντας ἡδίους ἐποίησε, μόνον δὲ τὸν γραμματικὸν Ὕλαν ὁ ῥήτωρ Σῶσπις ὁρῶν ἀποσιωπῶντα καὶ βαρυθυμούμενον οὐ πάνυ γὰρ εὐημέρησεν ἐν ταῖς ἐπιδείξεσιν ἀνεφώνησεν οἴη δʼ Αἴαντος ψυχὴ Τελαμωνιάδαο· τὰ λοιπὰ μεῖζον φθεγγόμενος ἤδη πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἐπέραινεν, ἀλλʼ ἴθι δεῦρο, ἄναξ, ἵνʼ ἔπος καὶ μῦθον ἀκούσῃς / ἡμέτερον· δάμασον δὲ μένος καὶ ἀτειρέα θυμόν· / ἔτι δʼ ἀνώμαλος ὢν ὑπʼ ὀργῆς ὁ Ὕλας ἀπεκρίνατο σκαιῶς τὴν μὲν Αἴαντος ἔφη ψυχὴν εἰκοστὴν λαχοῦσαν ἐν Ἅιδου διαμείψασθαι κατὰ τὸν Πλάτωνα φύσιν λέοντος· αὑτῷ δὲ πολλάκις παρίσταθαι καὶ τὰ τοῦ κωμικοῦ γέροντος ὄνον γενέσθαι κρεῖττον, ἢ τοὺς χείρονας / ὁρᾶν ἑαυτοῦ ζῶντας ἐπιφανέστερον. / καὶ ὁ Σῶσπις γελάσας ἀλλʼ ἕως μέλλομεν ἐνδύεσθαι τὸ κανθήλιον, εἴ τι κήδῃ Πλάτωνος, δίδαξον ἡμᾶς, ᾧτινι λόγῳ τὴν τοῦ Τελαμωνίου ψυχὴν πεποίηκεν ἀπὸ κλήρου βαδίζουσαν εἰκοστὴν ἐπὶ τὴν αἵρεσιν· ἀποσκορακίσαντος δὲ τοῦ Ὕλα χλευάζεσθαι γὰρ ᾤετο δυσημερῶν, ὑπολαβὼν ὁ ἀδελφὸς ἡμῶν τί οὖν; εἶπεν οὐ δευτερεῖα μὲν ὁ Αἴας κάλλους καὶ μεγέθους καὶ ἀνδρείας ἀεὶ φέρεται μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλείωνα, τὰ δʼ εἴκοσι δευτέρα δεκάς, ἡ δὲ δεκὰς ἐν τοῖς ἀριθμοῖς κράτιστος, ὡς ἐν τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς ὁ Ἀχιλλεύς; γελασάντων δʼ ἡμῶν ταῦτα μέν ὁ Ἀμμώνιος εἶπεν ὦ Λαμπρία, κείσθω σοι πεπαιγμένα πρὸς Ὕλαν· ἡμῖν δὲ μὴ παίζων ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ σπουδῆς, ἐπεὶ τὸν λόγον ἑκὼν ἐξεδέξω, δίελθε περὶ τῆς αἰτίας.
THESE discourses made all the other company merry; but Sospis the rhetorician, seeing Hylas the grammarian sit silent and discomposed (for he had not been very happy in his exercises), cried out, But Ajax’s soul stood far apart; and raising his voice repeated the rest to him, But sit, draw near, and patiently attend, / Hear what I say, and tame your violent rage. / To this Hylas, unable to contain, returned a scurvy answer, saying that Ajax’s soul, taking her lot in the twentieth place in hell, changed her nature, according to Plato, for a lion’s; but, for his part, he could not but often think upon the saying of the old comedian, ’Tis better far to be an ass, than see / Unworthier men in greater honor shine. / At this Sospis, laughing heartily, said: But in the mean time, before we have the pack-saddles on, if you have any regard for Plato, tell us why he makes Ajax’s soul, after the lots drawn, to have the twentieth choice. Hylas, with great indignation, refused, thinking that this was a jeering reflection on his former miscarriage. Therefore my brother began thus: What, was not Ajax counted the second for beauty, strength, and courage, and the next to Achilles in the Grecian army? And twenty is the second ten, and ten is the chiefest of numbers, as Achilles of the Greeks. We laughing at this, Ammonius said: Well, Lamprias, let this suffice for a joke upon Hylas; but since you have voluntarily taken upon you to give an account of this matter, leave off jesting, and seriously proceed.
θορυβηθεὶς οὖν ὁ Λαμπρίας, εἶτα χρόνον οὐ πολὺν ἐπισχὼν, ἔφη πολλαχοῦ μὲν ἡμῖν τὸν Πλάτωνα προσπαίζειν διὰ τῶν ὀνομάτων· ὅπου δὲ μῦθόν τινα τῷ περὶ ψυχῆς λόγῳ μίγνυσι, χρῆσθαι μάλιστα τῷ νῷ. τοῦ τε γὰρ οὐρανοῦ τὴν νοητὴν φύσιν ἅρμα καλεῖν πτηνὸν διὰ τὴν ἐναρμόνιον τοῦ κόσμου περιφοράν, ἐνταῦθά δὲ τὸν αὐτάγγελον τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου Πάμφυλον γένος Ἁρμονίου πατρὸς Ἦρα δʼ αὐτὸν ὀνομάζειν, αἰνιττόμενον ὅτι γεννῶνται μὲν αἱ ψυχαὶ καθʼ ἁρμονίαν καὶ συναρμόττονται τοῖς σώμασιν, ἀπαλλαγεῖσαι δὲ συμφέρονται πανταχόθεν εἰς τὸν ἀέρα· κἀκεῖθεν αὖθις ἐπὶ τὰς δευτέρας γενέσεις τρέπονται. τί δὴ κωλύει καὶ τὸ εἰκοστὸν εἰρῆσθαι πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἀληθὲς ἀλλʼ εἰκὸς τοῦ λόγου καὶ πλαττόμενον, ἢ πρὸς τὸν κλῆρον ὡς εἰκῆ καὶ κατὰ τύχην γιγνόμενον; ἀεὶ μὲν γὰρ ἅπτεται τῶν τριῶν αἰτιῶν, ἅτε δὴ πρῶτος; ἢ μάλιστα συνιδών, ὅπη τὸ καθʼ εἱμαρμένην τῷ κατὰ τύχην αὖθίς τε τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῖν ἑκατέρῳ καὶ συναμφοτέροις ἐπιμίγνυσθαι καὶ συμπλέκεσθαι πέφυκε. νῦν δὲ θαυμαστῶς, ἣν ἔχει δύναμιν ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις πράγμασιν ἕκαστον, ὑποδεδήλωκε, τὴν μὲν αἵρεσιν τῶν βίων τῷ ἐφʼ ἡμῖν ἀποδιδούς· ἀρετὴ γὰρ ἀδέσποτον καὶ κακία· τὸ δʼ εὖ βιοῦν τοὺς ὀρθῶς ἑλομένους καὶ τἀναντία τοὺς κακῶς εἱμαρμένης ἀνάγκῃ συνάπτων. αἱ δὲ τῶν κλήρων ἀτάκτως διασπειρομένων ἐπιπτώσεις τὴν τύχην παρεισάγουσι καὶ τροφαῖς καὶ πολιτείαις, ὧν ἕκαστοι λαγχάνουσι, πολλὰ τῶν ἡμετέρων προκαταλαμβάνουσαν. ὅρα δή, μὴ τῶν κατὰ τύχην αἰτίαν ζητεῖν ἄλογόν ἐστιν· ἂν γὰρ ἔν τινι λόγῳ φαίνηται γεγονὼς ὁ κλῆρος, οὐκέτι γίγνεται κατὰ τύχην οὐδʼ αὐτομάτως ἀλλʼ ἔκ τινος εἱμαρμένης καὶ προνοίας.
This startled Lamprias a little, but, after a short pause, he continued thus: Plato often tells merry stories under borrowed names, but when he puts any fable into a discourse concerning the soul, he hath some considerable meaning in it. The intelligent nature of the heavens he calls a flying chariot, intimating the harmonious whirl of the world. And here he introduceth one Er, the son of Harmonius, a Pamphylian, to tell what he had seen in hell; intimating that our souls are begotten according to harmony, and are agreeably united to our bodies, and that, when they are separated, they are from all parts carried together into the air, and from thence return to second generations. And what hinders but that twentieth (εἰκοστόν) should intimate that this was not a true story, but only probable and fictitious (αἰκοός), and that the lot fell casually (εἰκῆ). For Plato always toucheth upon three causes, he being the first and chiefest philosopher that knew how fate agrees with fortune, and how our free-will is mixed and complicated with both. And now he hath admirably discovered what influence each hath upon our affairs. The choice of our life he hath left to our free-will, for virtue and vice are free. But that those who have made a good choice should live religiously, and those who have made an ill choice should lead a contrary life, he leaves to the necessity of fate. But the chances of lots thrown at a venture introduce fortune into the several conditions of life in which we are brought up, which pre-occupates and perverts our own choice. Now consider whether it is not irrational to enquire after a cause of those things that are done by chance. For if the lot seems to be disposed of by design, it ceaseth to be chance and fortune, and becomes fate and providence.
ἔτι δὲ τοῦ Λαμπρίου λέγοντος, ὁ γραμματικὸς ἤδη Μᾶρκος ἐδόκει τι συλλογίζεσθαι καὶ διαριθμεῖν πρὸς αὑτόν· ἔπειτα παυσαμένου, τῶν Ὁμηρικῶν ἔφη ψυχῶνὅσας ἐν Νεκυίᾳ κατωνόμακεν, ἡ μὲν Ἐλπήνορος οὔπω καταμεμιγμένη ταῖς ἐν Ἅιδου διὰ τὸ μὴ τεθάφθαι τὸν νεκρὸν ὥσπερ ἐν μεθορίοις πλανᾶται· τὴν δὲ Τειρεσίου ταῖς ἄλλαις οὐκ ἄξιον δήπου συγκαταριθμεῖν, ᾧ καὶ τεθνειῶτι νόον πόρε Περσεφόνεια / οἴῳ πεπνῦσθαι / καὶ διαλέγεσθαι καὶ ξυνιέναι τῶν ζώντων, πρὶν ἢ πιεῖν τοῦ αἵματος. ἂν οὖν ταύτας ὑπεξελόμενος, ὦ Λαμπρία, τὰς ἄλλας διαριθμῇς, αὐτὸ συμβαίνει, τὴν Αἴαντος εἰκοστὴν εἰς ὄψιν ἀφῖχθαι τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο παίζειν τὸν Πλάτωνα τῇ Ὁμηρικῇ Νεκυίᾳ προσαναχρωννύμενον.
Whilst Lamprias was speaking, Marcus the grammarian seemed to be counting to himself, and when he had done, he began thus: Amongst the souls which Homer mentions in his Νεκυία, Elpenor’s is not to be reckoned as mixed with those in hell, but, his body being not buried, as wandering about the banks of the river Styx. Nor is it fit that we should reckon Tiresias’s soul amongst the rest,— On whom alone, when deep in hell beneath, / Wisdom Proserpina conferred, / to discourse and converse with the living even before he drank the sacrifice’s blood. Therefore, Lamprias, if you subtract these two, you will find that Ajax was the twentieth that Ulysses saw, and Plato merrily alludes to that place in Homer’s Νεκυία.
θορυβησάντων δὲ πάντων, Μενέφυλος ὁ Περιπατητικὸς προσαγορεύσας τὸν Ὕλαν ὁρᾷς εἶπεν ὡς οὐκ ἦν τὸ ἐρώτημα χλευασμὸς οὐδʼ ὕβρις· ἀλλʼ ἀφείς, ὦ μακάριε, τὸν δυστράπελον Αἴαντα καὶ δυσώνυμον, ὥς φησι Σοφοκλῆς, γενοῦ μετὰ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος, ὃν αὐτὸς εἴωθας ἱστορεῖν ἡμῖν ἡττώμενον πολλάκις, ἐνταῦθα μὲν ὑπʼ Ἀθηνᾶς ἐν Δελφοῖς δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος ἐν Ἄργει δʼ ὑπὸ τῆς Ἥρας ἐν Αἰγίνῃ δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς ἐν Νάξῳ δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ Διονύσου, πρᾶον δὲ πανταχοῦ καὶ ἀμήνιτον ὄντα περὶ τὰς δυσημερίας· ἐνταῦθα γοῦν καὶ νεὼ κοινωνεῖ μετὰ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς, ἐν ᾧ καὶ βωμός ἐστι Λήθης ἱδρυμένος. καὶ ὁ Ὕλας ὥσπερ ἡδίων γενόμενος ἐκεῖνο δέ σε εἶπεν ὦ Μενέφυλε, λέληθεν, ὅτι καὶ τὴν δευτέραν τοῦ Βοηδρομιῶνος; ἡμέραν ἐξαιροῦμεν οὐ πρὸς τὴν σελήνην, ἀλλʼ ὅτι ταύτῃ δοκοῦσιν ἐρίσαι περὶ τῆς· χώρας οἱ θεοί.πάντα εἶπεν ὁ Λαμπρίας ὅσῳ τοῦ Θρασυβούλου γέγονε Ποσειδῶν πολιτικώτερος, εἰ μὴ κρατῶν ὡς ἐκεῖνος, ἀλλʼ ἡττώ […]
Now when the whole company were grown to a certain uproar, Menephylus, a Peripatetic philosopher, called to Hylas by name and said: You see that this question was not propounded by way of mockery and flouting; but leave now that obstinate Ajax, whose very name (according to Sophocles) is ill-omened, and betake yourself to Neptune. For you are wont to recount unto us how he has been oftentimes overcome,—here by Minerva, in Delphi by Apollo, in Argos by Juno, in Aegina by Jupiter, in Naxos by Bacchus,—and yet has borne himself always mild and gentle in all his repulses. In proof whereof, there is even in this city a temple common to him and Minerva, in which there is also an altar dedicated to Oblivion. Then Hylas, who seemed by this time to be more pleasantly disposed, replied: You have forgotten, Menephylus, that we have abolished the second day of September, not in regard of the moon, but because it was thought to be the day on which Neptune and Minerva contended for the seigniory of Attica. By all means, quoth Lamprias, by as much as Neptune was every way more civil than Thrasybulus, since not being like him a winner, but the loser,...
(The rest of this book to Question XIII is lost; with the exception of the titles that follow, and the fragment of Question XII.)
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[…] ὅρκοις δʼ ἄνδρας ἐξαπατητέον. καὶ ὁ Γλαυκίας ἐγὼ μέν ἔφη κατὰ Πολυκράτους ἀκήκοα τοῦ τυράννου λεγόμενον τὸν λόγον τοῦτον· εἰκὸς δὲ καὶ καθʼ ἑτέρων λέγεσθαι· σὺ δὲ πρὸς τί τοῦτʼ ἐρωτᾷς;ὅτι νὴ Δίʼ ὁ Σῶσπις ἔφη τοὺς μὲν παῖδας ἀστραγάλοις ὁρῶ τοὺς δʼ Ἀκαδημαϊκοὺς λόγοις ἀρτιάζοντας· οὐδὲν γὰρ οἱ τοιοῦτοι στόμαχοι διαφέρουσι τῶν ἐρωτώντων, πότερον ἄρτια τῇ χειρὶ συνειληφότες ἢ περιττὰ συντείνουσιν. ἐπαναστὰς οὖν ὁ Πρωτογένης καί με καλέσας ἐξ ὀνόματος τί παθόντεςεἶπε τοὺς ῥήτορας τούτους τρυφᾶν ἐῶμεν, ἑτέρων καταγελῶντας, αὐτοὺς δὲ μηδὲν ἐρωτωμένους μηδὲ συμβολὰς λόγων τιθέντας; εἰ μὴ νὴ Δία φήσουσι μηδὲν αὐτοῖς μετεῖναι τῆς ἐν οἴνῳ κοινωνίας, Δημοσθένους ἐπαινέταις καὶ ζηλωταῖς οὖσιν, ἀνδρὸς ἐν ἅπαντι τῷ βίῳ πιόντος οἶνον. οὐκ αἴτιον ἔφην ἐγώ τοῦτο τούτων, ἀλλʼ ἡμεῖς οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς ἠρωτήκαμεν εἰ δὲ μή τι σὺ χρησιμώτερον ἔχεις, ἐγώ μοι δοκῶ προβαλεῖν αὐτοῖς ἐκ τῶν Ὁμήρου ῥητορικῶν θέσεων μίαν ἀντινομικήν.
[…] but men are to be deceived with oaths. And Glaucias said: I have heard that this speech was used against Polycrates the tyrant, and it may be that it was spoken also to others. But why do you demand this of me? Because verily, quoth Sospis, I see that children play at odd and even with cockal bones, but Academics with words. For it seems to me that such stomachs differ in nothing from them who hold out their clutched fists and ask whether they hold odd or even. Then Protogenes arose and called me by name, saying: What ail we, that we suffer these rhetoricians thus to brave it out and to mock others, being demanded nothing in the mean time, nor put to it to contribute their scot to the conference—unless peradventure they will come in with the plea that they have no part of this table-talk over the wine, being followers of Demosthenes, who in all his life never drank wine. That is not the reason, said I; but we have put them no questions. And now, unless you have any thing better to ask, methinks I can be even with these fellows, and put them a puzzling question out of Homer, as to a case of repugnance in contrary laws.
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