μεταξὺ δὲ Λευκάδος καὶ τοῦ Ἀμβρακικοῦ κόλπου λιμνοθάλαττά ἐστι Μυρτούντιον λεγομένη. ἀπὸ δὲ Λευκάδος ἑξῆς Πάλαιρος καὶ Ἀλυζία τῆς Ἀκαρνανίας εἰσὶ πόλεις, ὧν ἡ Ἀλυζία πεντεκαίδεκα ἀπὸ θαλάττης διέχει σταδίους, καθʼ ἥν ἐστι λιμὴν Ἡρακλέους ἱερὸς καὶ τέμενος, ἐξ οὗ τοὺς Ἡρακλέους ἄθλους, ἔργα Λυσίππου, μετήνεγκεν εἰς Ῥώμην τῶν ἡγεμόνων τις, παρὰ τόπον κειμένους διὰ τὴν ἐρημίαν. εἶτα ἄκρα Κριθώτη καὶ Ἐχινάδες καὶ πόλις Ἀστακός, ὁμώνυμος τῇ περὶ Νικομήδειαν καὶ τὸν Ἀστακηνὸν κόλπον (καὶ ἡ Κριθώτη δʼ ὁμώνυμος πολίχνη τῶν ἐν τῇ Θρᾳκίᾳ Χερρονήσῳ)· πάντα δʼ εὐλίμενα τὰ μεταξύ· εἶτʼ Οἰνιάδαι καὶ ὁ Ἀχελῶος· εἶτα λίμνη τῶν Οἰνιαδῶν Μελίτη καλουμένη, μῆκος μὲν ἔχουσα τριάκοντα σταδίων πλάτος δὲ εἴκοσι, καὶ ἄλλη Κυνία διπλασία ταύτης καὶ μῆκος καὶ πλάτος, τρίτη δʼ Οὐρία πολλῷ τούτων μικροτέρα· ἡ μὲν οὖν Κυνία καὶ ἐκδίδωσιν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν, αἱ λοιπαὶ δʼ ὑπέρκεινται ὅσον ἡμιστάδιον· εἶθʼ ὁ Εὔηνος, εἰς ὃν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀκτίου στάδιοι ἑξακόσιοι ἑβδομήκοντα· μετὰ δὲ τὸν Εὔηνον τὸ ὄρος ἡ Χαλκίς, ἣν Χαλκίαν εἴρηκεν Ἀρτεμίδωρος· εἶθʼ ἡ Πλευρών, εἶθʼ ἡ Ἁλίκυρνα κώμη, ἧς ὑπέρκειται Καλυδὼν ἐν τῇ μεσογαίᾳ σταδίοις τριάκοντα· περὶ δὲ τὴν Καλυδῶνά ἐστι τὸ τοῦ Λαφρίου Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερόν· εἶθʼ ὁ Ταφιασσὸς τὸ ὄρος, εἶτα Μακυνία πόλις, εἶτα Μολύκρεια καὶ πλησίον τὸ Ἀντίρριον τὸ τῆς Αἰτωλίας ὅριον καὶ τῆς Λοκρίδος, εἰς ὃ ἀπὸ τοῦ Εὐήνου στάδιοι περὶ ἑκατὸν εἴκοσιν. Ἀρτεμίδωρος μὲν οὕτω περὶ τῆς εἴτε Χαλκίδος εἴτε Χαλκίας τοῦ ὄρους, μεταξὺ τοῦ Ἀχελώου καὶ τῆς Πλευρῶνος ἱδρύων αὐτήν, Ἀπολλόδωρος δέ, ὡς πρότερον εἶπον, ὑπὲρ τῆς Μολυκρείας καὶ τὴν Χαλκίδα καὶ τὸν Ταφιασσόν· καὶ τὴν δὲ Καλυδῶνα μεταξὺ ἱδρῦσθαί φησι τῆς τε Πλευρῶνος καὶ τῆς Χαλκίδος· εἰ μὴ ἄρα ἕτερον θετέον τὸ πρὸς Πλευρῶνι ὄρος Χαλκίαν καλούμενον, ἕτερον δὲ τὴν Χαλκίδα τὴν πρὸς Μολυκρείᾳ. ἔστι δέ τις καὶ πρὸς τῇ Καλυδῶνι λίμνη μεγάλη καὶ εὔοψος, ἣν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἐν Πάτραις Ῥωμαῖοι.
Between Leucas and the Ambracian gulf is a sea-lake, called Myrtuntium. Next to Leucas followed Palerus, and Alyzia, cities of Acarnania, of which Alyzia is distant from the sea 15 stadia. Opposite to it is a harbour sacred to Hercules, and a grove from whence a Roman governor transported to Rome the labours of Hercules, the workmanship of Lysippus, which was lying in an unsuitable place, being a deserted spot.
Next are Crithote, a promontory, and the Echinades, and Astacus, used in the singular number, a city of the same name as that near Nicomedia, and the Gulf of Astacus, Crithote, a city of the same name as that in the Thracian Chersonesus. All the coast between these places has good harbours. Then follows Oeniadae, and the Achelous; then a lake belonging to the Oeniadae, called Melite, 30 stadia in length, and in breadth 20; then another Cynia, of double the breadth and length of Melite; a third Uria, much less than either of the former. Cynia even empties itself into the sea; the others are situated above it at the distance of about half a stadium.
Next is the river Evenus, which is distant from Actium 670 stadia.
Then follows the mountain Chalcis, which Artemidorus calls Chalcia; [next Pleuron, then Licyrna, a village, above which in the interior is situated Calydon at the distance of 30 stadia. Near Calydon is the temple of Apollo Laphrius;] then the mountain Taphiassus; then Macynia, a city; then Molycria, and near it Antirrhium, the boundary of Aetolia and of Locris. To Antirrhium from the Evenus are about 120 stadia.
Artemidorus does not place the mountain, whether Chalcis or Chalcia, between the Achelous and Pleuron, but Apollodorus, as I have said before, places Chalcis and Taphiassus above Molycria; and Calydon between Pleuron and Chalcis. Are we then to place one mountain of the name of Chalcia near Pleuron, and another of the name of Chalcis near Molycria?
Near Calydon is a large lake, abounding with fish. It belongs to the Romans of Patrae.
τῆς δὲ μεσογαίας κατὰ μὲν τὴν Ἀκαρνανίαν Ἐρυσιχαίους τινάς φησιν Ἀπολλόδωρος λέγεσθαι, ὧν Ἀλκμὰν μέμνηται οὐδʼ Ἐρυσιχαῖος, οὐδὲ ποιμήν, / ἀλλὰ Σαρδίων ἀπʼ ἀκρᾶν. / κατὰ δὲ τὴν Αἰτωλίαν ἦν Ὤλενος, ἧς ἐν τῷ Αἰτωλικῷ καταλόγῳ μέμνηται Ὅμηρος, ἴχνη δʼ αὐτῆς λείπεται μόνον ἐγγὺς τῆς Πλευρῶνος ὑπὸ τῷ Ἀρακύνθῳ· ἦν δὲ καὶ Λυσιμάχεια πλησίον, ἠφανισμένη καὶ αὐτή, κειμένη πρὸς τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ νῦν μὲν Λυσιμαχείᾳ πρότερον δʼ Ὕδρᾳ, μεταξὺ Πλευρῶνος καὶ Ἀρσινόης πόλεως, ἣ κώμη μὲν ἦν πρότερον καλουμένη Κωνώπα, κτίσμα δʼ ὑπῆρξεν Ἀρσινόης τῆς Πτολεμαίου τοῦ δευτέρου γυναικὸς ἅμα καὶ ἀδελφῆς, εὐφυῶς ἐπικειμένη πως τῇ τοῦ Ἀχελώου διαβάσει· παραπλήσιον δέ τι καὶ ἡ Πυλήνη τῷ Ὠλένῳ πέπονθεν. ὅταν δὲ φῇ τὴν Καλυδῶνα αἰπεῖάν τε καὶ πετρήεσσαν, ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας δεκτέον· εἴρηται γὰρ ὅτι τὴν χώραν δίχα διελόντες τὴν μὲν ὀρεινὴν καὶ ἐπίκτητον τῇ Καλυδῶνι προσένειμαν, τὴν πεδιάδα δὲ τῇ Πλευρῶνι.
Apollodorus says, that there is in the inland parts of Acarnania, a tribe of Erysichaei, mentioned by Aleman, not an Erysichaean, nor a shepherd; but I came from the extremities of Sardis. Olenus belonged to Aetolia; Homer mentions it in the Aetolian Catalogue, but traces alone remain of it near Pleuron below Aracynthus.
Lysimachia also was near Olenus. This place has disappeared. It was situated upon the lake, the present Lysimachia, formerly Hydra, between Pleuron and the city Arsinoë, formerly a village of the name of Conopa. It was founded by Arsinoë, wife and also sister of the second Ptolemy. It is conveniently situated above the passage across the Achelous.
Pylene has experienced nearly the same fate as Olenus.
When the poet describes Calydon as lofty, and rocky, we must understand these epithets as relating to the character of the country. For we have said before, that when they divided the country into two parts, they assigned the mountainous portion and the Epictetus to Calydon, and the tract of plains to Pleuron.
νυνὶ μὲν οὖν ἐκπεπόνηται καὶ ἀπηγόρευκεν ὑπὸ τῶν συνεχῶν πολέμων ἥ τʼ Ἀκαρνανία καὶ Αἰτωλοί, καθάπερ καὶ πολλὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐθνῶν· πλεῖστον μέντοι χρόνον συνέμειναν Αἰτωλοὶ μετὰ τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων πρός τε τοὺς Μακεδόνας καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους Ἕλληνας, ὕστατα δὲ καὶ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους περὶ τῆς αὐτονομίας ἀγωνιζόμενοι. ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πολὺ μέμνηται καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ποιηταί τε καὶ συγγραφεῖς, τὰ μὲν εὐσήμως τε καὶ ὁμολογουμένως, τὰ δʼ ἧττον γνωρίμως (καθάπερ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἤδη λεχθεῖσι περὶ αὐτῶν ἀποδέδεικται), προσληπτέον καὶ τῶν παλαιοτέρων τινὰ τῶν ἀρχῆς ἐχόντων τάξιν ἢ διαπορουμένων.
The Acarnanians, and the Aetolians, like many other nations, are at present worn out, and exhausted by continual wars. The Aetolians however, in conjunction with the Acarnanians, during a long period withstood the Macedonians and the other Greeks, and lastly the Romans, in their contest for independence.
But since Homer, and others, both poets and historians, frequently mention them, sometimes in clear and undisputed terms, and sometimes less explicitly, as appears from what we have already said of these people, we must avail ourselves of some of the more ancient accounts, which will supply us with a beginning, or with an occasion of inquiring into what is controverted.
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