ἡ δὲ Χίος τὸν μὲν περίπλουν ἐστὶ σταδίων ἐνακοσίων παρὰ γῆν φερομένῳ, πόλιν δʼ ἔχει εὐλίμενον καὶ ναύσταθμον ναυσὶν ὀγδοήκοντα. ἐν δὲ τῷ περίπλῳ δεξιὰν τὴν νῆσον ἔχοντι ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως πρῶτον μέν ἐστι τὸ Ποσείδιον, εἶτα Φάναι λιμὴν βαθύς, καὶ νεὼς Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ ἄλσος φοινίκων· εἶτα Νότιον ὕφορμος αἰγιαλός· εἶτα Λαΐους, καὶ οὗτος ὕφορμος αἰγιαλός, ὅθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἑξήκοντα σταδίων ἰσθμός· περίπλους δὲ τριακοσίων ἑξήκοντα ὃν ἐπήλθομεν. εἶτα Μέλαινα ἄκρα, καθʼ ἣν τὰ Ψύρα νῆσος ἀπὸ πεντήκοντα σταδίων τῆς ἄκρας, ὑψηλή, πόλιν ὁμώνυμον ἔχουσα· κύκλος δὲ τῆς νήσου τετταράκοντα στάδιοι. εἶθʼ ἡ Ἀριουσία χώρα τραχεῖα καὶ ἀλίμενος σταδίων ὅσον τριάκοντα, οἶνον ἄριστον φέρουσα τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν. εἶτα τὸ Πελιναῖον ὄρος ὑψηλότατον τῶν ἐν τῇ νήσῳ. ἔχει δʼ ἡ νῆσος καὶ λατόμιον μαρμάρου λίθου. ἄνδρες δὲ Χῖοι γεγόνασιν ἐλλόγιμοι Ἴων τε ὁ τραγικὸς καὶ Θεόπομπος ὁ συγγραφεὺς καὶ Θεόκριτος ὁ σοφιστής· οὗτοι δὲ καὶ ἀντεπολιτεύσαντο ἀλλήλοις. ἀμφισβητοῦσι δὲ καὶ Ὁμήρου Χῖοι, μαρτύριον μέγα τοὺς Ὁμηρίδας καλουμένους ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐκείνου γένους προχειριζόμενοι, ὧν καὶ Πίνδαρος μέμνηται ὅθεν περ καὶ Ὁμηρίδαι / ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων τὰ πόλλʼ ἀοιδοί / ἐκέκτηντο δὲ καὶ ναυτικόν ποτε Χῖοι, καὶ ἀνθήπτοντο τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐλευθερίας. ἐκ Χίου δʼ εἰς Λέσβον νότῳ τετρακόσιοί που στάδιοι.
The coasting circumnavigation of Chios is 900 stadia. It has a city with a good port, and a station for eighty vessels. In the voyage round the island, a person sailing from the city, with the island on his right hand, first meets with Poseidium, then Phanae, a deep harbour, and a temple of Apollo, and a grove of palm trees; then Notium, a part of the coast affording a shelter for vessels; next Laïus, which is also a place of shelter for vessels; hence to the city is an isthmus of 60 stadia. The circumnavigation is 360 stadia, as I have before described it. Next, the promontory Melaena, opposite to which is Psyra, an island distant from the promontory 50 stadia, lofty, with a city of the same name. The island is 40 stadia in circumference. Next is the rugged tract, Ariusia, without harbours, about 30 stadia in extent. It produces the best of the Grecian wines. Then follows Pelinaeum, the highest mountain in the island. In the island is a marble quarry.
Among illustrious natives of Chios were Ion the tragic writer, Theopompus the historian, and Theocritus the sophist. The two latter persons were opposed to each other in the political parties in the state. The Chians claim Homer as a native of their country, alleging as a proof the Homeridae, as they are called, descendants from his family, whom Pindar mentions: Whence also the Homeridae, the chanters of the rhapsodies, most frequently begin their song. The Chians once possessed a naval force, and aspired to the sovereignty of the sea, and to liberty.
From Chios to Lesbos is a voyage of about 400 stadia, with a south wind.
ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Ὑποκρήμνου Χύτριόν ἐστι τόπος, ὅπου πρότερον ἵδρυντο Κλαζομεναί· εἶθʼ ἡ νῦν πόλις νησία ἔχουσα προκείμενα ὀκτὼ γεωργούμενα· Κλαζομένιος δʼ ἦν ἀνὴρ ἐπιφανὴς Ἀναξαγόρας ὁ φυσικός, Ἀναξιμένους ὁμιλητὴς τοῦ Μιλησίου· διήκουσαν δὲ τούτου Ἀρχέλαος ὁ φυσικὸς καὶ Εὐριπίδης ὁ ποιητής. εἶθʼ ἱερὸν Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ θερμὰ ὕδατα καὶ ὁ Σμυρναίων κόλπος καὶ ἡ πόλις.
After the Hypocremnus is Chytrium, a place where Clazomenae formerly stood; then the present city, having in front eight small islands, the land of which is cultivated by husbandmen.
Anaxagoras, the natural philosopher, was a distinguished Clazomenian; he was a disciple of Anaximenes the Milesian, and master of Archelaus the natural philosopher, and of Euripides the poet.
Next is a temple of Apollo, and hot springs, the bay of Smyrna, and the city Smyrna.
ἑξῆς δὲ ἄλλος κόλπος, ἐν ᾧ ἡ παλαιὰ Σμύρνα ἀπὸ εἴκοσι σταδίων τῆς νῦν. Λυδῶν δὲ κατασπασάντων τὴν Σμύρναν περὶ τετρακόσια ἔτη διετέλεσεν οἰκουμένη κωμηδόν· εἶτα ἀνήγειρεν αὐτὴν Ἀντίγονος, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Λυσίμαχος, καὶ νῦν ἐστι καλλίστη τῶν πασῶν, μέρος μέν τι ἔχουσα ἐπʼ ὄρει τετειχισμένον, τὸ δὲ πλέον ἐν πεδίῳ πρὸς τῷ λιμένι καὶ πρὸς τῷ μητρῴῳ καὶ πρὸς γυμνασίῳ. ἔστι δʼ ἡ ῥυμοτομία διάφορος ἐπʼ εὐθειῶν εἰς δύναμιν καὶ αἱ ὁδοὶ λιθόστρωτοι στοαί τε μεγάλαι τετράγωνοι, ἐπίπεδοί τε καὶ ὑπερῷοι· ἔστι δὲ καὶ βιβλιοθήκη καὶ τὸ Ὁμήρειον, στοὰ τετράγωνος, ἔχουσα νεὼν Ὁμήρου καὶ ξόανον· μεταποιοῦνται γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι διαφερόντως τοῦ ποιητοῦ, καὶ δὴ καὶ νόμισμά τι χαλκοῦν παρʼ αὐτοῖς Ὁμήρειον λέγεται. ῥεῖ δὲ πλησίον τοῦ τείχους ὁ Μέλης ποταμός. ἔστι δὲ πρὸς τῇ ἄλλῃ κατασκευῇ τῆς πόλεως καὶ λιμὴν κλειστός. ἓν δʼ ἐλάττωμα τῶν ἀρχιτεκτόνων οὐ μικρόν, ὅτι τὰς ὁδοὺς στορνύντες ὑπορρύσεις οὐκ ἔδωκαν αὐταῖς, ἀλλʼ ἐπιπολάζει τὰ σκύβαλα καὶ μάλιστα ἐν τοῖς ὄμβροις ἐπαφιεμένων τῶν ἀποσκευῶν. ἐνταῦθα Δολοβέλλας Τρεβώνιον ἐκπολιορκήσας ἀνεῖλεν, ἕνα τῶν δολοφονησάντων Καίσαρα τὸν θεόν, καὶ τῆς πόλεως παρέλυσε πολλὰ μέρη.
Next is another bay, on which is situated the ancient Smyrna, at the distance of 20 stadia from the present city. After Smyrna had been razed by the Lydians, the inhabitants continued for about four hundred years to live in villages. It was then restored by Antigonus, and afterwards by Lysimachus, and at present it is the most beautiful city in Ionia.
One portion of Smyrna is built up on a hill, but the greater part is in the plain near the harbour, the Metroum, and the Gymnasium. The division of the streets is excellent, and as nearly as possible in straight lines. There are paved roads, large quadrangular porticos, both on a level with the ground and with an upper story.
There is also a library, and the Homereium, a quadrangular portico, which has a temple of Homer and a statue. For the Smyrnaeans, above all others, urge the claims of their city to be the birth-place of Homer, and they have a sort of brass money, called Homereium.
The river Meles flows near the walls. Besides other conveniences with which the city is furnished, there is a close harbour.
There is one, and not a trifling, defect in the work of the architects, that when they paved the roads, they did not make drains beneath them; the filth consequently lies on the surface, and, during rains particularly, the receptacles of the filth spread it over the streets.
It was here that Dolabella besieged and slew Trebonius, one of the murderers of divus Caesar; he also destroyed many parts of the city.
μετὰ δὲ Σμύρναν αἱ Λεῦκαι πολίχνιον, ὃ ἀπέστησεν Ἀριστόνικος μετὰ τὴν Ἀττάλου τοῦ φιλομήτορος τελευτήν, δοκῶν τοῦ γένους εἶναι τοῦ τῶν βασιλέων καὶ διανοούμενος εἰς ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἀρχήν· ἐντεῦθεν μὲν οὖν ἐξέπεσεν ἡττηθεὶς ναυμαχίᾳ περὶ τὴν Κυμαίαν ὑπὸ Ἐφεσίων, εἰς δὲ τὴν μεσόγαιαν ἀνιὼν ἤθροισε διὰ ταχέων πλῆθος ἀπόρων τε ἀνθρώπων καὶ δούλων ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ κατακεκλημένων, οὓς Ἡλιοπολίτας ἐκάλεσε. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν παρεισέπεσεν εἰς Θυάτειρα, εἶτʼ Ἀπολλωνίδα ἔσχεν, εἶτʼ ἄλλων ἐφίετο φρουρίων· οὐ πολὺν δὲ διεγένετο χρόνον, ἀλλʼ εὐθὺς αἵ τε πόλεις ἔπεμψαν πλῆθος, καὶ Νικομήδης ὁ Βιθυνὸς ἐπεκούρησε καὶ οἱ τῶν Καππαδόκων βασιλεῖς. ἔπειτα πρέσβεις Ῥωμαίων πέντε ἧκον, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα στρατιὰ καὶ ὕπατος Πόπλιος Κράσσος, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Μάρκος Περπέρνας, ὃς καὶ κατέλυσε τὸν πόλεμον ζωγρίᾳ λαβὼν τὸν Ἀριστόνικον καὶ ἀναπέμψας εἰς Ῥώμην. ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὖν ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον, Περπέρναν δὲ νόσος διέφθειρε, Κράσσος δὲ περὶ Λεύκας ἐπιθεμένων τινῶν ἔπεσεν ἐν μάχῃ. Μάνιος δʼ Ἀκύλλιος ἐπελθὼν ὕπατος μετὰ δέκα πρεσβευτῶν διέταξε τὴν ἐπαρχίαν εἰς τὸ νῦν ἔτι συμμένον τῆς πολιτείας σχῆμα. μετὰ δὲ Λεύκας Φώκαια ἐν κόλπῳ· περὶ δὲ ταύτης εἰρήκαμεν ἐν τῷ περὶ Μασσαλίας λόγῳ. εἶθʼ οἱ ὅροι τῶν Ἰώνων καὶ τῶν Αἰολέων· εἴρηται δὲ καὶ περὶ τούτων. ἐν δὲ τῇ μεσογαίᾳ τῆς Ἰωνικῆς παραλίας λοιπά ἐστι τὰ περὶ τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐξ Ἐφέσου μέχρι Ἀντιοχείας καὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου. ἔστι δὲ καὶ τὰ χωρία ταῦτα Λυδοῖς καὶ Καρσὶν ἐπίμικτα καὶ τοῖς Ἕλλησι.
Next to Smyrna is Leucae, a small city, which Aristonicus caused to revolt, after the death of Attalus, the son of Philometor, under pretence of being descended from the royal family, but with the intention of usurping the kingdom. He was, however, defeated in a naval engagement by the Ephesians, near the Cumaean district, and expelled. But he went into the interior of the country, and quickly collected together a multitude of needy people and slaves, who were induced to follow him by the hope of obtaining their freedom, whom he called Heliopolitae. He first surprised Thyateira, he then got possession of Apollonis, and had an intention of making himself master of other fortresses, but he did not maintain his ground long. The cities sent immediately a large body of troops against him, and were supported by Nicomedes the Bithynian and the kings of Cappadocia. Afterwards five deputies of the Romans came, then an army, and the consul Publius Crassus. These were followed by M. Perperna, who took Aristonicus prisoner, sent him to Rome, and thus put an end to the war. Aristonicus died in prison; Perperna died of some disease, and Crassus fell near Leucae, in a skirmish with some people who had attacked him from an ambuscade. Manius Aquillius the consul came afterwards, with ten lieutenants; he regulated the affairs of the province, and established that form of government which continues at present.
After Leucae follows Phocaea, situated on a bay. I have mentioned this place in the description of Massalia. Then follow the confines of the Ionians and the Aeolians. I have already spoken of these.
In the interior of the Ionian maritime territory there remain to be described the places about the road leading from Ephesus, as far as Antioch and the Maeander.
This tract is occupied by a mixed population of Lydians, Carians, and Greeks.
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