μετὰ δὲ Μαγνησίαν ἡ ἐπὶ Τράλλεις ἐστὶν ὁδὸς ἐν ἀριστερᾷ μὲν τὴν Μεσωγίδα ἔχουσιν, ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ τῇ ὁδῷ καὶ ἐν δεξιᾷ τὸ Μαιάνδρου πεδίον, Λυδῶν ἅμα καὶ Καρῶν νεμομένων καὶ Ἰώνων Μιλησίων τε καὶ Μυησίων, ἔτι δὲ Αἰολέων τῶν ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ· ὁ δʼ αὐτὸς τρόπος τῆς τοποθεσίας καὶ μέχρι Νύσης καὶ Ἀντιοχείας. ἵδρυται δʼ ἡ μὲν τῶν Τραλλιανῶν πόλις ἐπὶ τραπεζίου τινὸς ἄκραν ἔχοντος ἐρυμνήν· καὶ τὰ κύκλῳ δʼ ἱκανῶς εὐερκῆ· συνοικεῖται δὲ καλῶς εἴ τις ἄλλη τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν ὑπὸ εὐπόρων ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἀεί τινες ἐξ αὐτῆς εἰσιν οἱ πρωτεύοντες κατὰ τὴν ἐπαρχίαν, οὓς Ἀσιάρχας καλοῦσιν· ὧν Πυθόδωρός τε ἦν, ἀνὴρ Νυσαεὺς τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἐκεῖσε δὲ μεταβεβηκὼς διὰ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν καὶ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Πομπήιον φιλίᾳ διαπρέπων μετʼ ὀλίγων· περιεβέβλητο δὲ καὶ οὐσίαν βασιλικὴν πλειόνων ἢ δισχιλίων ταλάντων, ἣν ὑπὸ Καίσαρος τοῦ θεοῦ πραθεῖσαν διὰ τὴν πρὸς Πομπήιον φιλίαν ἐξωνησάμενος οὐχ ἥττω τοῖς παισὶ κατέλιπε· τούτου δʼ ἐστὶ θυγάτηρ Πυθοδωρὶς ἡ νῦν βασιλεύουσα ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ, περὶ ἧς εἰρήκαμεν. οὗτός δὴ καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἤκμασε καὶ Μηνόδωρος, ἀνὴρ λόγιος καὶ ἄλλως σεμνὸς καὶ βαρύς, ἔχων τὴν ἱερωσύνην τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Λαρισαίου· κατεστασιάσθη δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν Δομετίου τοῦ Ἀηνοβάρβου φίλων, καὶ ἀνεῖλεν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνος ὡς ἀφιστάντα τὸ ναυτικόν, πιστεύσας τοῖς ἐνδειξαμένοις. ἐγένοντο δὲ καὶ ῥήτορες ἐπιφανεῖς Διονυσοκλῆς τε καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Δάμασος ὁ σκόμβρος. κτίσμα δέ φασιν εἶναι τὰς Τράλλεις Ἀργείων καί τινων Θρᾳκῶν Τραλλίων, ἀφʼ ὧν τοὔνομα. τυραννηθῆναι δʼ ὀλίγον συνέπεσε χρόνον τὴν πόλιν ὑπὸ τῶν Κρατίππου παίδων κατὰ τὰ Μιθριδατικά.
After Magnesia is the road to Tralles; travellers have on the left hand Mesogis, and on the right hand, and from the road itself, the plain of the Maeander, which is occupied in common by Lydians, Carians, Ionians, Milesians, Mysians, and the Aeolians of Magnesia.
The character of the sites of places is the same even as far as Nysa and Antioch.
The city of Tralles is built upon ground in the shape somewhat of a trapezium. It has a citadel strongly fortified, and the places around are well defended. It is as well peopled as any of the cities in Asia, and its inhabitants are wealthy; some of them constantly occupy chief stations in the province, and are called Asiarchs. Among the latter was Pythodorus, originally a native of Nysa; but, induced by the celebrity of the place, he migrated hither. He was one of the few friends of Pompey who were fortunate. His wealth was kingly, and consisted of more than two thousand talents, which he redeemed when it was confiscated by divus Caesar, on account of his attachment to Pompey, and left it undiminished to his children. Pythodoris, who is at present queen in Pontus, and whom we have mentioned before. is his daughter. Pythodorus flourished in our times, and also Menodorus, an eloquent man, and a person of dignified and grave demeanour; he was priest of Jupiter Larisaeus. He was circumvented by the adherents of Domitius Aenobarbus, who, on the credit of informers, put him to death, for attempting, as was supposed, the revolt of his fleet.
Tralles produced also celebrated orators, Dionysocles, and after him Damasus, surnamed Scombrus.
It is said to have been founded by Argives and a body of Tralli Thracians, from whom it had its name. It was governed for a short time by tyrants, sons of Cratippus, about the period of the Mithridatic war.
Νῦσα δʼ ἵδρυται πρὸς τῇ Μεσωγίδι τὸ πλέον τῷ ὄρει προσανακεκλιμένη, ἔστι δʼ ὥσπερ δίπολις· διαιρεῖ γὰρ αὐτὴν χαράδρα τις ποιοῦσα φάραγγα, ἧς τὸ μὲν γέφυραν ἐπικειμένην ἔχει συνάπτουσαν τὰς δύο πόλεις, τὸ δʼ ἀμφιθεάτρῳ κεκόσμηται κρυπτὴν ἔχοντι τὴν ὑπόρρυσιν τῶν χαραδρωδῶν ὑδάτων· τῷ δὲ θεάτρῳ δύο ἄκραι, ὧν τῇ μὲν ὑπόκειται τὸ γυμνάσιον τῶν νέων, τῇ δʼ ἀγορὰ καὶ τὸ γεροντικόν· πρὸς δὲ νότον ὑποπέπτωκε τῇ πόλει τὸ πεδίον, καθάπερ καὶ ταῖς Τράλλεσιν.
Nysa is situated near the Mesogis, resting for the most part against the mountain. It is as it were a double town, for a kind of torrent watercourse divides it into two parts, and forms a valley, one part of which has a bridge over it, connecting the two towns; the other is adorned with an amphitheatre; underneath it is a passage through which the waters of the torrents flow out of sight.
Near the theatre are situated two heights; below one lies the gymnasium for the young men; below the other is the forum, and a place of exercise for older persons. To the south below the city lies the plain, as at Tralles.
ἐν δὲ τῇ ὁδῷ τῇ μεταξὺ τῶν Τράλλεων καὶ τῆς Νύσης κώμη τῶν Νυσαέων ἐστὶν οὐκ ἄπωθεν τῆς πόλεως Ἀχάρακα, ἐν ᾗ τὸ Πλουτώνιον ἔχον καὶ ἄλσος πολυτελὲς καὶ νεὼν Πλούτωνός τε καὶ Κόρης, καὶ τὸ Χαρώνιον ἄντρον ὑπερκείμενον τοῦ ἄλσους θαυμαστὸν τῇ φύσει· λέγουσι γὰρ δὴ τοὺς νοσώδεις καὶ προσέχοντας ταῖς τῶν θεῶν τούτων θεραπείαις φοιτᾶν ἐκεῖσε καὶ διαιτᾶσθαι ἐν τῇ κώμῃ πλησίον τοῦ ἄντρου παρὰ τοῖς ἐμπείροις τῶν ἱερέων, οἳ ἐγκοιμῶνταί τε ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν καὶ διατάττουσιν ἐκ τῶν ὀνείρων τὰς θεραπείας. οὗτοι δʼ εἰσὶ καὶ οἱ ἐπικαλοῦντες τὴν τῶν θεῶν ἰατρείαν· ἄγουσι δὲ πολλάκις εἰς τὸ ἄντρον καὶ ἱδρύουσι μένοντας καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ἐκεῖ καθάπερ ἐν φωλεῷ σιτίων χωρὶς ἐπὶ πλείους ἡμέρας. ἔστι δʼ ὅτε καὶ ἰδίοις ἐνυπνίοις οἱ νοσηλευόμενοι προσέχουσι, μυσταγωγοῖς δʼ ὅμως καὶ συμβούλοις ἐκείνοις χρῶνται ὡς ἂν ἱερεῦσι· τοῖς δʼ ἄλλοις ἄδυτός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος καὶ ὀλέθριος. πανήγυρις δʼ ἐν τοῖς Ἀχαράκοις συντελεῖται κατʼ ἔτος, καὶ τότε μάλιστα ὁρᾶν ἔστι καὶ ἀκούειν περὶ τῶν νοσούντων τοὺς πανηγυρίζοντας· τότε δὲ καὶ περὶ τὴν μεσημβρίαν ὑπολαβόντες ταῦρον οἱ ἐκ τοῦ γυμνασίου νέοι καὶ ἔφηβοι γυμνοὶ λίπʼ ἀληλιμμένοι μετὰ σπουδῆς ἀνακομίζουσιν εἰς τὸ ἄντρον· ἀφεθεὶς δὲ μικρὸν προελθὼν πίπτει καὶ ἔκπνους γίνεται.
On the road between Tralles and Nysa is a village of the Nysaeans, not far from the city Acharaca, in which is the Plutonium, to which is attached a large grove, a temple of Pluto and Proserpine, and the Charonium, a cave which overhangs the grove, and possesses some singular physical properties. The sick, it is said, who have confidence in the cures performed by these deities, resort thither, and live in the village near the cave, among experienced priests, who sleep at night in the open air, on behoof of the sick, and direct the modes of cure by their dreams. The priests invoke the gods to cure the sick, and frequently take them into the cave, where, as in a den, they are placed to remain in quiet without food for several days. Sometimes the sick themselves observe their own dreams, but apply to these persons, in their character of priests and guardians of the mysteries, to interpret them, and to counsel what is to be done. To others the place is interdicted and fatal.
An annual festival, to which there is a general resort, is celebrated at Acharaca, and at that time particularly are to be seen and heard those who frequent it, conversing about cures performed there. During this feast the young men of the gymnasium and the ephebi, naked and anointed with oil, carry off a bull by stealth at midnight, and hurry it away into the cave. It is then let loose, and after proceeding a short distance falls down and expires.
ἀπὸ δὲ τριάκοντα σταδίων τῆς Νύσης ὑπερβᾶσι Τμῶλον καὶ τὸ ὄρος τὴν Μεσωγίδα ἐπὶ τὰ πρὸς νότον μέρη καλεῖται τόπος Λειμών, εἰς ὃν ἐξοδεύουσι πανηγυριοῦντες Νυσαεῖς τε καὶ οἱ κύκλῳ πάντες· οὐ πόρρω δὲ τούτου στόμιόν ἐστιν ἱερὸν τῶν αὐτῶν θεῶν, ὅ φασι καθήκειν μέχρι τῶν Ἀχαράκων. τοῦτον δὲ τὸν λειμῶνα ὀνομάζειν τὸν ποιητήν φασιν ὅταν φῇ Ἀσίω ἐν λειμῶνι, δεικνύντες Καϋστρίου καὶ Ἀσίου τινὸς ἡρῷον καὶ τὸν Κάυστρον πλησίον ἀπορρέοντα.
Thirty stadia from Nysa, as you cross the Mesogis to-words the southern parts of Mount Tmolus, is a place called Leimon, or the Meadow, to which the Nysaeans and all the people around repair when they celebrate a festival. Not far from this plain is an aperture in the ground, sacred to the same deities, which aperture is said to extend as far as Acharaca. They say that the poet mentions this meadow, in the words, On the Asian mead, and they show a temple dedicated to two heroes, Caÿstrius and Asius, and the Caÿster flowing near it.
ἱστοροῦσι δὲ τρεῖς ἀδελφούς, Ἄθυμβρόν τε καὶ Ἀθύμβραδον καὶ Ὕδρηλον, ἐλθόντας ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος τὰς ἐπωνύμους ἑαυτῶν κτίσαι πόλεις, λιπανδρῆσαι δʼ ὕστερον, ἐξ ἐκείνων δὲ συνοικισθῆναι τὴν Νῦσαν· καὶ νῦν Ἄθυμβρον ἀρχηγέτην νομίζουσιν οἱ Νυσαεῖς.
Historians relate that three brothers, Athymbrus, Athymbradus, and Hydrelus, coming hither from Lacedaemon, founded (three?) cities, to which they gave their own names; that the population of these towns afterwards declined, but that out of these jointly Nysa was peopled. The Nysaeans at present regard Athymbrus as their founder.
περίκεινται δὲ ἀξιόλογοι κατοικίαι πέραν τοῦ Μαιάνδρου, Κοσκίνια καὶ Ὀρθωσία· ἐντὸς δὲ Βρίουλα Μάσταυρα Ἀχάρακα καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως ἐν τῷ ὄρει τὰ Ἄρομα, ὅθεν ἄριστος Μεσωγίτης οἶνος ὁ Ἀρομεύς.
Beyond the Maeander and in the neighbourhood are considerable settlements, Coscinia and Orthosia, and on this side the river, Briula, Mastaura, Acharaca, and above the city on the mountain, Aroma; the letter o is shortened in the pronunciation. From this latter place is obtained the Aromeus, the best Mesogitian wine.
ἄνδρες δὲ γεγόνασιν ἔνδοξοι Νυσαεῖς Ἀπολλώνιός τε ὁ στωικὸς φιλόσοφος τῶν Παναιτίου γνωρίμων ἄριστος, καὶ Μενεκράτης Ἀριστάρχου μαθητής, καὶ Ἀριστόδημος ἐκείνου υἱός, οὗ διηκούσαμεν ἡμεῖς ἐσχατόγηρω νέοι παντελῶς ἐν τῇ Νύσῃ· καὶ Σώστρατος δὲ ὁ ἀδελφὸς τοῦ Ἀριστοδήμου καὶ ἄλλος Ἀριστόδημος ἀνεψιὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ παιδεύσας Μάγνον Πομπήιον ἀξιόλογοι γεγόνασι γραμματικοί· ὁ δʼ ἡμέτερος καὶ ἐρρητόρευε καὶ ἐν τῇ Ῥόδῳ καὶ ἐν τῇ πατρίδι δύο σχολὰς συνεῖχε, πρωὶ μὲν τὴν ῥητορικὴν δείλης δὲ τὴν γραμματικὴν σχολήν· ἐν δὲ τῇ Ῥώμῃ τῶν Μάγνου παίδων ἐπιστατῶν ἠρκεῖτο τῇ γραμματικῇ σχολῇ.
Among illustrious natives of Nysa were Apollonius the Stoic philosopher, the most eminent of the disciples of Panaetius, and of Menecrates, the disciple of Aristarchus; Aristodemus, the son of Menecrates, whom, when I was a very young man, I heard lecturing on philosophy, in extreme old age, at Nysa; Sostratus, the brother of Aristodemus, and another Aristodemus, his cousin, the master of Pompey the Great, were distinguished grammarians. My master taught rhetoric also at Rhodes, and in his own country he had two schools; in the morning he taught rhetoric, in the evening grammar. When he superintended the education of the children of Pompey at Rome, he was satisfied with teaching a school of grammar.
Cite This Text