φησὶ δὲ Καλλισθένης ἁλῶναι τὰς Σάρδεις ὑπὸ Κιμμερίων πρῶτον, εἶθʼ ὑπὸ Τρηρῶν καὶ Λυκίων, ὅπερ καὶ Καλλῖνον δηλοῦν τὸν τῆς ἐλεγείας ποιητήν, ὕστατα δὲ τὴν ἐπὶ Κύρου καὶ Κροίσου γενέσθαι ἅλωσιν. λέγοντος δὲ τοῦ Καλλίνου τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν Κιμμερίων ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἠσιονῆας γεγονέναι καθʼ ἣν αἱ Σάρδεις ἑάλωσαν, εἰκάζουσιν οἱ περὶ τὸν Σκήψιον ἰαστὶ λέγεσθαι Ἠσιονεῖς τοὺς Ἀσιονεῖς· τάχα γὰρ ἡ Μῃονία φησίν Ἀσία ἐλέγετο, καθʼ ὃ καὶ Ὅμηρος εἴρηκεν Ἀσίῳ ἐν λειμῶνι Καϋστρίου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα. / ἀναληφθεῖσα δʼ ἀξιολόγως ὕστερον διὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν τῆς χώρας ἡ πόλις καὶ οὐδεμιᾶς λειπομένη τῶν ἀστυγειτόνων, νεωστὶ ὑπὸ σεισμῶν ἀπέβαλε πολλὴν τῆς κατοικίας. ἡ δὲ τοῦ Τιβερίου πρόνοια τοῦ καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἡγεμόνος καὶ ταύτην καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συχνὰς ἀνέλαβε ταῖς εὐεργεσίαις, ὅσαι περὶ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν ἐκοινώνησαν τοῦ αὐτοῦ πάθους.
Callisthenes says that Sardes was taken first by Cimmerians, then by Treres and Lycians, which Callinus also, the elegiac poet, testifies, and that it was last captured in the time of Cyrus and Croesus. When Callinus says that the incursion of the Cimmerians when they took Sardes was directed against the Esioneis, the Scepsian (Demetrius) supposes the Asioneis to be called by him Esioneis, according to. the Ionian dialect; for perhaps Meonia, he says, was called Asia, as Homer describes the country, in the Asian meadows about the streams of Caÿster. / The city, on account of the fertility of the country, was afterwards restored, so as to be a considerable place, and was inferior to none of its neighbours; lately it has lost a great part of its buildings by earthquakes. But Sardes, and many other cities which participated in this calamity about the same time, have been repaired by the provident care and beneficence of Tiberius the present emperor.
ἄνδρες δʼ ἀξιόλογοι γεγόνασι τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους Διόδωροι δύο οἱ ῥήτορες, ὧν ὁ πρεσβύτερος ἐκαλεῖτο Ζωνᾶς, ἀνὴρ πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας ἠγωνισμένος ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἀσίας, κατὰ δὲ τὴν Μιθριδάτου τοῦ βασιλέως ἔφοδον αἰτίαν ἐσχηκὼς ὡς ἀφιστὰς παρʼ αὐτοῦ τὰς πόλεις ἀπελύσατο τὰς διαβολὰς ἀπολογησάμενος· τοῦ δὲ νεωτέρου φίλου ἡμῖν γενομένου καὶ ἱστορικὰ συγγράμματα ἔστι καὶ μέλη καὶ ἄλλα ποιήματα τὴν ἀρχαίαν γραφὴν ἐπιφαίνοντα ἱκανῶς. Ξάνθος δὲ ὁ παλαιὸς συγγραφεὺς Λυδὸς μὲν λέγεται, εἰ δὲ ἐκ Σάρδεων οὐκ ἴσμεν.
The distinguished natives of Sardes were two orators of the same name and family, the Diodori; the elder of whom was called Zonas, who had pleaded the cause of Asia in many suits. At the time of the invasion of Mithridates the king, he was accused of occasioning the revolt of the cities from him, but in his defence he cleared himself of the charge.
The younger Diodorus was my friend; there exist of his historical writings, odes, and poems of other kinds, which very much resemble the style of the ancients.
Xanthus, the ancient historian, is said to be a Lydian, but whether of Sardes I do not know.
μετὰ δὲ Λυδούς εἰσιν οἱ Μυσοὶ καὶ πόλις Φιλαδέλφεια σεισμῶν πλήρης. οὐ γὰρ διαλείπουσιν οἱ τοῖχοι διιστάμενοι καὶ ἄλλοτʼ ἄλλο μέρος τῆς πόλεως κακοπαθοῦν· οἰκοῦσιν οὖν ὀλίγοι διὰ τοῦτο τὴν πόλιν, οἱ δὲ πολλοὶ καταβιοῦσιν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ γεωργοῦντες, ἔχοντες εὐδαίμονα γῆν· ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ὀλίγων θαυμάζειν ἔστιν ὅτι οὕτω φιλοχωροῦσιν, ἐπισφαλεῖς τὰς οἰκήσεις ἔχοντες· ἔτι δʼ ἄν τις μᾶλλον θαυμάσειε τῶν κτισάντων αὐτήν.
After the Lydians are the Mysians, and a city Philadelphia, subject to constant earthquakes. The walls of the houses are incessantly opening, and sometimes one, sometimes another, part of the city is experiencing some damage. The majority of people (for few persons live in the city) pass their lives in the country, employing themselves in agriculture, and cultivate a good soil. Yet it is surprising that there should be even a few persons so much attached to a place where their dwellings are insecure; but one may marvel more at those who founded the city.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἔστιν ἡ Κατακεκαυμένη λεγομένη χώρα μῆκος μὲν καὶ πεντακοσίων σταδίων πλάτος δὲ τετρακοσίων, εἴτε Μυσίαν χρὴ καλεῖν εἴτε Μῃονίαν (λέγεται γὰρ ἀμφοτέρως), ἅπασα ἄδενδρος πλὴν ἀμπέλου τῆς τὸν Κατακεκαυμενίτην φερούσης οἶνον οὐδενὸς τῶν ἐλλογίμων ἀρετῇ λειπόμενον. ἔστι δὲ ἡ ἐπιφάνεια τεφρώδης τῶν πεδίων, ἡ δʼ ὀρεινὴ καὶ πετρώδης μέλαινα ὡς ἂν ἐξ ἐπικαύσεως. εἰκάζουσι μὲν οὖν τινες ἐκ κεραυνοβολιῶν καὶ πρηστήρων συμβῆναι τοῦτο, καὶ οὐκ ὀκνοῦσι τὰ περὶ τὸν Τυφῶνα ἐνταῦθα μυθολογεῖν. Ξάνθος δὲ καὶ Ἀριμοῦν τινα λέγει τῶν τόπων τούτων βασιλέα. οὐκ εὔλογον δὲ ὑπὸ τοιούτων παθῶν τὴν τοσαύτην χώραν ἐμπρησθῆναι ἀθρόως, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ὑπὸ γηγενοῦς πυρός, ἐκλιπεῖν δὲ νῦν τὰς πηγάς· δείκνυνται δὲ καὶ βόθροι τρεῖς, οὓς φύσας καλοῦσιν, ὅσον τετταράκοντα ἀλλήλων διεστῶτες σταδίους· ὑπέρκεινται δὲ λόφοι τραχεῖς, οὓς εἰκὸς ἐκ τῶν ἀναφυσηθέντων σεσωρεῦσθαι μύδρων. τὸ δʼ εὐάμπελον τὴν τοιαύτην ὑπάρχειν γῆν, λάβοι τις ἂν καὶ ἐκ τῆς Καταναίας τῆς χωσθείσης τῇ σποδῷ καὶ νῦν ἀποδιδούσης οἶνον δαψιλῆ καὶ καλόν. ἀστεϊζόμενοι δέ τινες εἰκότως πυριγενῆ τὸν Διόνυσον λέγεσθαί φασιν, ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων χωρίων τεκμαιρόμενοι.
Next is the tract of country called the Catacecaumene, extending 500 stadia in length, and in breadth 400. It is uncertain whether it should be called Mysia or Meonia, for it has both names. The whole country is devoid of trees, excepting vines, from which is obtained the Catacecaumenite wine; it is not inferior in quality to any of the kinds in repute. The surface of the plains is covered with ashes, but the hilly and rocky part is black, as if it were the effect of combustion. This, as some persons imagine, was the effect of thunder-bolts and of fiery tempests, nor do they hesitate to make it the scene of the fable of Typhon. Xanthus even says that a certain Arimus was king of these parts. But it is unreasonable to suppose that so large a tract of country was all at once consumed; it is more natural to suppose that the effect was produced by fire generated in the soil, the sources of which are now exhausted. Here are to be seen three pits, which are called Physae, or breathing holes, situated at the distance of 40 stadia from each other. Above are rugged hills, which probably consist of masses of matter thrown up by blasts of air (from the pits).
That ground of this kind should be well adapted to vines, may be conceived from the nature of the country Catana, which was a mass of cinders, but which now produces excellent wine, and in large quantity.
Some persons, in allusion to such countries as these, wittily observe that Bacchus is properly called Pyrigenes, or fire-born.
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