ἔπειτα Πτολεμαϊκὴ πόλις, μεγίστη τῶν ἐν τῇ Θηβαΐδι καὶ οὐκ ἐλάττων Μέμφεως, ἔχουσα καὶ σύστημα πολιτικὸν ἐν τῷ ἑλληνικῷ τρόπῳ. ὑπὲρ δὲ ταύτης ἡ Ἄβυδος, ἐν ᾗ τὸ Μεμνόνιον βασίλειον θαυμαστῶς κατεσκευασμένον ὁλόλιθον τῇ αὐτῇ κατασκευῇ ᾗπερ τὸν λαβύρινθον ἔφαμεν, οὐ πολλαπλοῦν δέ· καὶ κρήνη ἐν βάθει κειμένη ὥστε καταβαίνειν εἰς αὐτὴν * κατακαμφθεισῶν ψαλίδων διὰ μονολίθων ὑπερβαλλόντων τῷ μεγέθει καὶ τῇ κατασκευῇ. ἔστι δὲ διῶρυξ ἄγουσα ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον ἀπὸ τοῦ μεγάλου ποταμοῦ. περὶ δὲ τὴν διώρυγα ἀκανθῶν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἄλσος ἐστὶν ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος. ἔοικε δὲ ὑπάρξαι ποτὲ ἡ Ἄβυδος πόλις μεγάλη, δευτερεύουσα μετὰ τὰς Θήβας, νυνὶ δʼ ἐστὶ κατοικία μικρά· εἰ δʼ ὥς φασιν ὁ Μέμνων ὑπὸ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων Ἰσμάνδης λέγεται, καὶ ὁ λαβύρινθος Μεμνόνιον ἂν εἴη καὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἔργον οὗπερ καὶ τὰ ἐν Ἀβύδῳ καὶ τὰ ἐν Θήβαις· καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖ λέγεταί τινα Μεμνόνια. κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἄβυδον ἔστιν ἡ πρώτη αὔασις ἐκ τῶν λεχθεισῶν τριῶν ἐν τῇ Λιβύῃ, διέχουσα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ ἐνθένδε διʼ ἐρημίας, εὔυδρός τε κατοικία καὶ εὔοινος καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἱκανή, δευτέρα δʼ ἡ κατὰ τὴν Μοίριδος λίμνην, τρίτη δὲ ἡ κατὰ τὸ μαντεῖον τὸ ἐν Ἄμμωνι· καὶ αὗται δὲ κατοικίαι εἰσὶν ἀξιόλογοι.
Then follows Ptolemaïs, the largest city in the Thebais, not inferior to Memphis, with a form of government after the Grecian mode. Above this city is Abydos, where is the palace of Memnon, constructed in a singular manner, entirely of stone, and after the plan of the Labyrinth, which we have described, but not composed of many parts. It has a fountain situated at a great depth. There is a descent to it through an arched passage built with single stones, of remarkable size and workmanship.
There is a canal which leads to this place from the great river. About the canal is a grove of Egyptian acanthus, dedicated to Apollo. Abydos seems once to have been a large city, second to Thebes. At present it is a small town. But if, as they say, Memnon is called Ismandes by the Egyptians, the Labyrinth might be a Memnonium, and the work of the same person who constructed those at Abydos and at Thebes; for in those places, it is said, are some Memnonia. In the latitude of Abydos is the first Auasis (Oasis) of the three which are said to be in Africa. It is distant from Abydos a journey of seven days through a desert. It is an inhabited place, well supplied with good water and wine, and sufficiently provided with other articles. The second is that near the lake Moeris. The third is that at the oracle of Ammon: these are considerable settlements.
πολλὰ δʼ εἰρηκότες περὶ τοῦ Ἄμμωνος τοσοῦτον εἰπεῖν βουλόμεθα ὅτι τοῖς ἀρχαίοις μᾶλλον ἦν ἐν τιμῇ καὶ ἡ μαντικὴ καθόλου καὶ τὰ χρηστήρια, νυνὶ δʼ ὀλιγωρία κατέχει πολλή, τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἀρκουμένων τοῖς Σιβύλλης χρησμοῖς καὶ τοῖς Τυρρηνικοῖς θεοπροπίοις διά τε σπλάγχνων καὶ ὀρνιθείας καὶ διοσημιῶν. διόπερ καὶ τὸ ἐν Ἄμμωνι σχεδόν τι ἐκλέλειπται χρηστήριον, πρότερον δὲ ἐτετίμητο. δηλοῦσι δὲ μάλιστα τοῦτο οἱ τὰς Ἀλεξάνδρου πράξεις ἀναγράψαντες, προστιθέντες μὲν πολὺ καὶ τὸ τῆς κολακείας εἶδος ἐμφαίνοντες δέ τι καὶ πίστεως ἄξιον. ὁ γοῦν Καλλισθένης φησὶ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον φιλοδοξῆσαι μάλιστα ἀνελθεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ χρηστήριον, ἐπειδὴ καὶ Περσέα ἤκουσε πρότερον ἀναβῆναι καὶ Ἡρακλέα· ὁρμήσαντα δʼ ἐκ Παραιτονίου καίπερ νότων ἐπιπεσόντων βιάσασθαι, πλανώμενον δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ κονιορτοῦ σωθῆναι γενομένων ὄμβρων καὶ δυεῖν κοράκων ἡγησαμένων τὴν ὁδόν, ἤδη τούτων κολακευτικῶς λεγομένων· τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς· μόνῳ γὰρ δὴ τῷ βασιλεῖ τὸν ἱερέα ἐπιτρέψαι παρελθεῖν εἰς τὸν νεὼ μετὰ τῆς συνήθους στολῆς, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους μετενδῦναι τὴν ἐσθῆτα, ἔξωθέν τε τῆς θεμιστείας ἀκροάσασθαι πάντας πλὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου, τοῦτον δʼ ἔνδοθεν. εἶναι δʼ οὐχ ὥσπερ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ Βραγχίδαις τὰς ἀποθεσπίσεις διὰ λόγων, ἀλλὰ νεύμασι καὶ συμβόλοις τὸ πλέον, ὡς καὶ παρʼ Ὁμήρῳ ἦ καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε Κρονίων, τοῦ προφήτου τὸν Δία ὑποκριναμένου· τοῦτο μέντοι ῥητῶς εἰπεῖν τὸν ἄνθρωπον πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα ὅτι εἴη Διὸς υἱός. προστραγῳδεῖ δὲ τούτοις ὁ Καλλισθένης, ὅτι τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τὸ ἐν Βραγχίδαις μαντεῖον ἐκλελοιπότος, ἐξ ὅτου τὸ ἱερὸν ὑπὸ τῶν Βραγχιδῶν σεσύλητο ἐπὶ Ξέρξου περσισάντων, ἐκλελοιπυίας δὲ καὶ τῆς κρήνης, τότε ἥ τε κρήνη ἀνάσχοι καὶ μαντεῖα πολλὰ οἱ Μιλησίων πρέσβεις κομίσαιεν εἰς Μέμφιν περὶ τῆς ἐκ Διὸς γενέσεως τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ τῆς ἐσομένης περὶ Ἄρβηλα νίκης καὶ τοῦ Δαρείου θανάτου καὶ τῶν ἐν Λακεδαίμονι νεωτερισμῶν· περὶ δὲ τῆς εὐγενείας καὶ τὴν Ἐρυθραίαν Ἀθηναΐδα φησὶν ἀνειπεῖν· καὶ γὰρ ταύτην ὁμοίαν γενέσθαι τῇ παλαιᾷ Σιβύλλῃ τῇ Ἐρυθραίᾳ. τὰ μὲν δὴ τῶν συγγραφέων τοιαῦτα.
Having before spoken at length of the temple of Ammon, we wish to add this only, that in ancient times divination in general and oracles were held in greater esteem than at present. Now they are greatly neglected ; for the Romans are satisfied with the oracles of the Sibyl, and with Tyrrhenian divination by the entrails of animals, the flight of birds, and portentous appearances. Hence the oracle of Ammon, which was formerly held in great esteem, is now nearly deserted. This appears chiefly from the historians who have recorded the actions of Alexander, adding, indeed, much that has the appearance of flattery, but yet relating what is worthy of credit. Callisthenes, for instance, says that Alexander was ambitious of the glory of visiting the oracle, because he knew that Perseus and Hercules had before performed the journey thither. He set out from Paraetonium, although the south winds were blowing, and succeeded in his undertaking by vigour and perseverance. When out of his way on the road, he escaped being overwhelmed in a sand-storm by a fall of rain, and by the guidance of two crows, which directed his course. These things are stated by way of flattery, as also what follows: that the priest permitted the king alone to pass into the temple in his usual dress, whereas the others changed theirs; that all heard the oracles on the outside of the temple, except Alexander, who was in the interior of the building; that the answers were not given, as at Delphi and at Branchidae, in words, but chiefly by nods and signs, as in Homer; the son of Saturn nodded with his sable brows, the prophet imitating Jupiter. This, however, the man told the king, in express terms, that he was the son of Jupiter. Callisthenes adds, (after the exaggerating style of tragedy,) that when Apollo had deserted the oracle among the Branchidae, on the temple being plundered by the Branchidae (who espoused the party of the Persians in the time of Xerxes,) and the spring had failed, it then re-appeared (on the arrival of Alexander); that the ambassadors also of the Milesians carried back to Memphis numerous answers of the oracle respecting the descent of Alexander from Jupiter, and the future victory which he should obtain at Arbela, the death of Darius, and the political changes at Lacedaemon. He says also that the Erythraean Athenais, who resembled the ancient Erythraean Sibyl, had declared the high descent of Alexander. Such are the accounts of historians.
Ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἀβύδῳ τιμῶσι τὸν Ὄσιριν· ἐν δὲ τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ Ὀσίριδος οὐκ ἔξεστιν οὔτε ᾠδὸν οὔτε αὐλητὴν οὔτε ψάλτην ἀπάρχεσθαι τῷ θεῷ, καθάπερ τοῖς ἄλλοις θεοῖς ἔθος. μετὰ δὲ τὴν Ἄβυδον Διὸς πόλις ἡ μικρά, εἶτα Τέντυρα πόλις· ἐνταῦθα δὲ διαφερόντως παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους Αἰγυπτίους ὁ κροκόδειλος ἠτίμωται καὶ ἔχθιστος τῶν ἁπάντων θηρίων νενόμισται. οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλοι καίπερ εἰδότες τὴν κακίαν τοῦ ζῴου καὶ ὡς ὀλέθριον τῷ ἀνθρωπίνῳ γένει, σέβονται ὅμως καὶ ἀπέχονται· οὗτοι δὲ πάντα τρόπον ἀνιχνεύουσι καὶ ἐκφθείρουσιν αὐτούς· ἔνιοι δʼ ὥσπερ τοὺς Ψύλλους φασὶ τοὺς πρὸς τῇ Κυρηναίᾳ φυσικήν τινα ἀντιπάθειαν ἔχειν πρὸς τὰ ἑρπετά, οὕτω καὶ τοὺς Τεντυρίτας πρὸς τοὺς κροκοδείλους, ὥστε μηδὲν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν πάσχειν ἀλλὰ καὶ κολυμβᾶν ἀδεῶς καὶ διαπερᾶν, μηδενὸς ἄλλου θαρροῦντος· εἴς τε τὴν Ῥώμην κομισθεῖσι τοῖς κροκοδείλοις ἐπιδείξεως χάριν συνηκολούθουν οἱ Τεντυρῖται· γενομένης τε δεξαμενῆς καὶ πήγματός τινος ὑπὲρ μιᾶς τῶν πλευρῶν, ὥστε τοῖς θηρίοις ἐκβᾶσι τοῦ ὕδατος ἡλιαστήριον εἶναι, ἐκεῖνοι ἦσαν οἱ τοτὲ μὲν ἐξέλκοντες δικτύῳ πρὸς τὸ ἡλιαστήριον, ὡς καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν θεατῶν ὁραθῆναι, ἐμβαίνοντες ἅμα εἰς τὸ ὕδωρ, τοτὲ δὲ πάλιν εἰς τὴν δεξαμενὴν κατασπῶντες. τιμῶσι δὲ Ἀφροδίτην· ὄπισθεν δὲ τοῦ νεὼ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης Ἴσιδος ἔστιν ἱερόν· εἶτα τὰ Τυφώνια καλούμενα καὶ ἡ εἰς Κοπτὸν διῶρυξ, πόλιν κοινὴν Αἰγυπτίων τε καὶ Ἀράβων.
At Abydos Osiris is worshipped; but in the temple of Osiris no singer, nor player on the pipe, nor on the cithara, is permitted to perform at the commencement of the ceremonies celebrated in honour of the god, as is usual in rites celebrated in honour of the other gods. Next to Abydos is the lesser Diospolis, then the city Tentyra, where the crocodile is held in peculiar abhorrence, and is regarded as the most odious of all animals. For the other Egyptians, although acquainted with its mischievous disposition, and hostility towards the human race, yet worship it, and abstain from doing it harm. But the people of Tentyra track and destroy it in every way. Some however, as they say of the Psyllians of Cyrenaea, possess a certain natural antipathy to snakes, and the people of Tentyra have the same dislike to crocodiles, yet they suffer no injury from them, but dive and cross the river when no other person ventures to do so. When crocodiles were brought to Rome to be exhibited, they were attended by some of the Tentyritae. A reservoir was made for them with a sort of stage on one of the sides, to form a basking-place for them on coming out of the water, and these persons went into the water, drew them in a net to the place, where they might sun themselves and be exhibited, and then dragged them back again to the reservoir. The people of Tentyra worship Venus. At the back of the fane of Venus is a temple of Isis ; then follow what are called the Typhoneia, and the canal leading to Coptos, a city common both to the Egyptians and Arabians.
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