ἡ δʼ Ἀρία καὶ ἡ Μαργιανὴ κράτιστα χωρία ἐστὶ ταύτῃ, τῇ μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐγκλειόμενα τῇ δʼ ἐν πεδίοις τὰς οἰκήσεις ἔχοντα. τὰ μὲν οὖν ὄρη νέμονται σκηνῖταί τινες, τὰ δὲ πεδία ποταμοῖς διαρρεῖται ποτίζουσιν αὐτὰ τὰ μὲν τῷ Ἀρίῳ τὰ δὲ Μάργῳ. ὁμορεῖ δὲ ἡ Ἀρία τῇ Βακτριανῇ καὶ τὴν ὑποστᾶσαν ὄρει τῷ ἔχοντι τὴν Βακτριανήν· διέχει δὲ τῆς Ὑρκανίας περὶ ἑξακισχιλίους σταδίους. συντελὴς δʼ ἦν αὐτῇ καὶ ἡ Δραγγιανὴ μέχρι Καρμανίας, τὸ μὲν πλέον τοῖς νοτίοις μέρεσι τῶν ὀρῶν ὑποπεπτωκυῖα, ἔχουσα μέντοι τινὰ τῶν μερῶν καὶ τοῖς ἀρκτικοῖς πλησιάζοντα τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Ἀρίαν· καὶ ἡ Ἀραχωσία δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἄπωθέν ἐστι, καὶ αὕτη τοῖς νοτίοις μέρεσι τῶν ὀρῶν ὑποπεπτωκυῖα καὶ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ ποταμοῦ τεταμένη, μέρος οὖσα τῆς Ἀριανῆς. μῆκος δὲ τῆς Ἀρίας ὅσον δισχίλιοι στάδιοι, πλάτος δὲ τριακόσιοι τοῦ πεδίου· πόλεις δὲ Ἀρτακάηνα καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρεια καὶ Ἀχαΐα, ἐπώνυμοι τῶν κτισάντων. εὐοινεῖ δὲ σφόδρα ἡ γῆ· καὶ γὰρ εἰς τριγονίαν παραμένει ἐν ἀπιττώτοις ἄγγεσι.
ARIA and Margiana, which are the best districts in this portion of Asia, are partly composed of valleys enclosed by mountains, and partly of inhabited plains. Some tribes of Seenitae (dwellers in tents) occupy the mountains; the plains are watered by the rivers Arius and by the Margus.
Aria borders upon Bactriana, and the mountain which has Bactriana at its foot. It is distant from [the] Hyrcania[n sea] about 6000 stadia.
Drangiana as far as Carmania furnished jointly with Aria payment of the tribute. The greater part of this country is situated at the foot of the southern side of the mountains; some tracts however approach the northern side opposite Aria.
Arachosia, which belongs to the territory of Aria, is not far distant; it lies at the foot of the southern side of the mountains, and extends to the river Indus.
The length of Aria is about 2000 stadia, and the breadth of the plain 300 stadia. Its cities are Artacaëna, Alexandreia, and Achaia, which are called after the names of their founders.
The soil produces excellent wines, which may be kept for three generations in unpitched vessels.
παραπλησία δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ Μαργιανή, ἐρημίαις δὲ περιέχεται τὸ πεδίον. θαυμάσας δὲ τὴν εὐφυΐαν ὁ Σωτὴρ Ἀντίοχος τείχει περιέβαλε κύκλον ἔχοντι χιλίων καὶ πεντακοσίων σταδίων, πόλιν δὲ ἔκτισεν Ἀντιόχειαν. εὐάμπελος δὲ καὶ αὕτη ἡ γῆ· φασὶ γοῦν τὸν πυθμένα εὑρίσκεσθαι πολλάκις δυσὶν ἀνδράσι περιληπτόν, τὸν δὲ βότρυν δίπηχυν.
Margiana is like this country, but the plain is surrounded by deserts. Antiochus Soter admired its fertility; he enclosed a circle of 1500 stadia with a wall, and founded a city, Antiocheia. The soil is well adapted to vines. They say that a vine stem has been frequently seen there which would require two men to girth it, and bunches of grapes two cubits in size.
τῆς δὲ Βακτρίας μέρη μέν τινα τῇ Ἀρίᾳ παραβέβληται πρὸς ἄρκτον, τὰ πολλὰ δʼ ὑπέρκειται πρὸς ἕω· πολλὴ δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ πάμφορος πλὴν ἐλαίου. τοσοῦτον δὲ ἴσχυσαν οἱ ἀποστήσαντες Ἕλληνες αὐτὴν διὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν τῆς χώρας ὥστε τῆς τε Ἀριανῆς ἐπεκράτουν καὶ τῶν Ἰνδῶν, ὥς φησιν Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Ἀρταμιτηνός, καὶ πλείω ἔθνη κατεστρέψαντο ἢ Ἀλέξανδρος, καὶ μάλιστα Μένανδρος (εἴ γε καὶ τὸν Ὕπανιν διέβη πρὸς ἔω καὶ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰμάου προῆλθε) τὰ μὲν αὐτὸς τὰ δὲ Δημήτριος ὁ Εὐθυδήμου υἱὸς τοῦ Βακτρίων βασιλέως· οὐ μόνον δὲ τὴν Παταληνὴν κατέσχον ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἄλλης παραλίας τήν τε Σαραόστου καλουμένην καὶ τὴν Σιγέρδιδος βασιλείαν. καθʼ ὅλου δέ φησιν ἐκεῖνος τῆς συμπάσης Ἀριανῆς πρόσχημα εἶναι τὴν Βακτριανήν· καὶ δὴ καὶ μέχρι Σηρῶν καὶ Φρυνῶν ἐξέτεινον τὴν ἀρχήν.
SOME parts of Bactria lie along Aria to the north, but the greater part stretches beyond (Aria) to the east. It is an extensive country, and produces everything except oil.
The Greeks who occasioned its revolt became so powerful by means of the fertility and advantages of the country, that they became masters of Ariana and India, according to Apollodorus of Artamita. Their chiefs, particularly Menander, (if he really crossed the Hypanis to the east and reached Isamus,) conquered more nations than Alexander. These conquests were achieved partly by Menander, partly by Demetrius, son of Euthydemus, king of the Bactrians. They got possession not only of Pattalene, but of the kingdoms of Saraostus, and Sigerdis, which constitute the remainder of the coast. Apollodorus in short says that Bactriana is the ornament of all Ariana. They extended their empire even as far as the Seres and Phryni.
πόλεις δʼ εἶχον τά τε Βάκτρα ἥνπερ καὶ Ζαριάσπαν καλοῦσιν, ἣν διαρρεῖ ὁμώνυμος ποταμὸς ἐκβάλλων εἰς τὸν Ὦξον, καὶ Ἄδραψα καὶ ἄλλας πλείους· τούτων δʼ ἦν καὶ ἡ Εὐκρατίδεια τοῦ ἄρξαντος ἐπώνυμος. οἱ δὲ κατασχόντες αὐτὴν Ἕλληνες καὶ εἰς σατραπείας διῃρήκασιν, ὧν τήν τε Ἀσπιώνου καὶ τὴν Ταπυρίαν ἀφῄρηντο Εὐκρατίδην οἱ Παρθυαῖοι. ἔσχον δὲ καὶ τὴν Σογδιανὴν ὑπερκειμένην πρὸς ἕω τῆς Βακτριανῆς μεταξὺ τοῦ τε Ὤξου ποταμοῦ, ὃς ὁρίζει τήν τε τῶν Βακτρίων καὶ τὴν τῶν Σογδίων, καὶ τοῦ Ἰαξάρτου· οὗτος δὲ καὶ τοὺς Σογδίους ὁρίζει καὶ τοὺς νομάδας.
Their cities were Bactra, which they call also Zariaspa, (a river of the same name flows through it, and empties itself into the Oxus,) and Darapsa, and many others. Among these was Eucratidia, which had its name from Eucratidas, the king. When the Greeks got possession of the country, they divided it into satrapies; that of Aspionus and Turiva the Parthians took from Eucratidas. They possessed Sogdiana also, situated above Bactriana to the east, between the river Oxus (which bounds Bactriana and Sogdiana) and the Iaxartes; the latter river separates the Sogdii and the nomades.
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