καὶ ἡ λοιπὴ δὲ Κολχὶς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ ἡ πλείων ἐστί· διαρρεῖ δʼ αὐτὴν ὁ Φᾶσις, μέγας ποταμὸς ἐξ Ἀρμενίας τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχων, δεχόμενος τόν τε Γλαῦκον καὶ τὸν Ἵππον ἐκ τῶν πλησίον ὀρῶν ἐκπίπτοντας· ἀναπλεῖται δὲ μέχρι Σαραπανῶν ἐρύματος δυναμένου δέξασθαι καὶ πόλεως συνοικισμόν, ὅθεν πεζεύουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν Κῦρον ἡμέραις τέτταρσι διʼ ἁμαξιτοῦ. ἐπίκειται δὲ τῷ Φάσιδι ὁμώνυμος πόλις, ἐμπόριον τῶν Κόλχων, τῇ μὲν προβεβλημένη τὸν ποταμὸν τῇ δὲ λίμνην τῇ δὲ τὴν θάλατταν. ἐντεῦθεν δὲ πλοῦς ἐπʼ Ἀμισοῦ καὶ Σινώπης τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἢ δύο διὰ τὸ τοὺς αἰγιαλοὺς μαλακοὺς εἶναι καὶ τὰς τῶν ποταμῶν ἐκβολάς. ἀγαθὴ δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ χώρα καὶ καρποῖς πλὴν τοῦ μέλιτος (πικρίζει γὰρ τὸ πλέον) καὶ τοῖς πρὸς ναυπηγίαν πᾶσιν· ὕλην τε γὰρ καὶ φύει καὶ ποταμοῖς κατακομίζει, λίνον τε ποιεῖ πολὺ καὶ κάνναβιν καὶ κηρὸν καὶ πίτταν. ἡ δὲ λινουργία καὶ τεθρύληται· καὶ γὰρ εἰς τοὺς ἔξω τόπους ἐξεκόμιζον, καί τινες βουλόμενοι συγγένειάν τινα τοῖς Κόλχοις πρὸς τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους ἐμφανίζειν ἀπὸ τούτων πιστοῦνται. ὑπέρκειται δὲ τῶν λεχθέντων ποταμῶν ἐν τῇ Μοσχικῇ τὸ τῆς Λευκοθέας ἱερὸν Φρίξου ἵδρυμα, καὶ μαντεῖον ἐκείνου, ὅπου κριὸς οὐ θύεται, πλούσιόν ποτε ὑπάρξαν, συληθὲν δὲ ὑπὸ Φαρνάκου καθʼ ἡμᾶς καὶ μικρὸν ὕστερον ὑπὸ Μιθριδάτου τοῦ Περγαμηνοῦ. κακωθείσης γὰρ χώρας νοσεῖ τὰ τῶν θεῶν οὐδὲ τιμᾶσθαι θέλει, / φησὶν Εὐριπίδης.
The greater part of the rest of Colchis lies upon the sea. The Phasis, a large river, flows through it. It has its source in Armenia, and receives the Glaucus, and the Hippus, which issue from the neighbouring mountains. Vessels ascend it as far as the fortress of Sarapana, which is capable of containing the population even of a city. Persons proceed thence by land to the Cyrus in four days along a carriage road. Upon the Phasis is a city of the same name, a mart of the Colchians, bounded on one side by the river, on another by a lake, on the third by the sea. Thence it is a voyage of three or two days to Amisus and Sinope, on account of the softness of the shores caused by the discharge of rivers.
The country is fertile and its produce is good, except the honey, which has generally a bitter taste. It furnishes all materials for ship-building. It produces them in great plenty, and they are conveyed down by its rivers. It supplies flax, hemp, wax, and pitch, in great abundance. Its linen manufacture is celebrated, for it was exported to foreign parts; and those who wish to establish an affinity of race between the Colchians and the Aegyptians, advance this as a proof of it.
Above the rivers which I have mentioned in the Moschic territory is the temple of Leucothea, founded by Phrixus and his oracle, where a ram is not sacrificed. It was once rich, but was plundered in our time by Pharnaces, and a little afterwards by Mithridates of Pergamus. For when a country is devastated, in the words of Euripides, respect to the gods languishes, and they are not honoured. /
τὸ μὲν γὰρ παλαιὸν ὅσην ἐπιφάνειαν ἔσχεν ἡ χώρα αὕτη δηλοῦσιν οἱ μῦθοι, τὴν Ἰάσονος στρατείαν αἰνιττόμενοι προελθόντος μέχρι καὶ Μηδίας, ἔτι δὲ πρότερον τὴν Φρίξου. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα διαδεξάμενοι βασιλεῖς εἰς σκηπτουχίας διῃρημένην ἔχοντες τὴν χώραν μέσως ἔπραττον· αὐξηθέντος δὲ ἐπὶ πολὺ Μιθριδάτου τοῦ Εὐπάτορος, εἰς ἐκεῖνον ἡ χώρα περιέστη· ἐπέμπετο δʼ ἀεί τις τῶν φίλων ὕπαρχος καὶ διοικητὴς τῆς χώρας. τούτων δὲ ἦν καὶ Μοαφέρνης, ὁ τῆς μητρὸς ἡμῶν θεῖος πρὸς πατρός· ἦν δʼ ἔνθεν ἡ πλείστη τῷ βασιλεῖ πρὸς τὰς ναυτικὰς δυνάμεις ὑπουργία. καταλυθέντος δὲ Μιθριδάτου συγκατελύθη καὶ ἡ ὑπʼ αὐτῷ πᾶσα καὶ διενεμήθη πολλοῖς· ὕστατα δὲ Πολέμων ἔσχε τὴν Κολχίδα, κἀκείνου τελευτήσαντος ἡ γυνὴ Πυθοδωρὶς κρατεῖ, βασιλεύουσα καὶ Κόλχων καὶ Τραπεζοῦντος καὶ Φαρνακίας καὶ τῶν ὑπερκειμένων βαρβάρων, περὶ ὧν ἐροῦμεν ἐν τοῖς ὕστερον. ἡ δʼ οὖν Μοσχική, ἐν ᾗ τὸ ἱερόν, τριμερής ἐστι· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔχουσιν αὐτῆς Κόλχοι τὸ δὲ Ἴβηρες τὸ δὲ Ἀρμένιοι. ἔστι δὲ καὶ πολίχνιον ἐν τῇ Ἰβηρίᾳ Φρίξου πόλις ἡ νῦν Ἰδήεσσα, εὐερκὲς χωρίον ἐν μεθορίοις τῆς Κολχίδος.
How great anciently was the celebrity of this country, appears from the fables which refer obscurely to the expedition of Jason, who advanced as far even as Media; and still earlier intimations of it are found in the fables relative to the expedition of Phrixus. The kings that preceded, and who possessed the country when it was divided into Sceptuchies, were not very powerful, but when Mithridates Eupator had enlarged his territory, this country fell under his dominion. One of his courtiers was always sent as sub-governor and administrator of its public affairs. Of this number was Moaphernes, my mother’s paternal uncle. It was from this country that the king derived the greatest part of his supplies for the equipment of his naval armament. But upon the overthrow of Mithridates, all the country subject to his power was disunited, and divided among several persons. At last Polemon obtained possession of Colchis, and after his death his wife Pythodoris reigned over the Colchians, Trapezus, Pharnacia, and the Barbarians situated above them, of whom I shall speak in another place.
The territory of the Moschi, in which is situated the temple, is divided into three portions, one of which is occupied by Colchians, another by Iberians, and the third by Armenians. There is in Iberia on the confines of Colchis, a small city, the city of Phrixus, the present Idessa, a place of strength. The river Charis flows near Dioscurias.
τῶν δὲ συνερχομένων ἐθνῶν εἰς τὴν Διοσκουριάδα καὶ οἱ Φθειροφάγοι εἰσίν, ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐχμοῦ καὶ τοῦ πίνου λαβόντες τοὔνομα. πλησίον δὲ καὶ οἱ Σοάνες, οὐδὲν βελτίους τούτων τῷ πίνῳ δυνάμει δὲ βελτίους, σχεδὸν δέ τι καὶ κράτιστοι κατὰ ἀλκὴν καὶ δύναμιν· δυναστεύουσι γοῦν τῶν κύκλῳ τὰ ἄκρα τοῦ Καυκάσου κατέχοντες τὰ ὑπὲρ τῆς Διοσκουριάδος· βασιλέα δʼ ἔχουσι καὶ συνέδριον ἀνδρῶν τριακοσίων, συνάγουσι δʼ ὥς φασι στρατιὰν καὶ εἴκοσι μυριάδων· ἅπαν γάρ ἐστι τὸ πλῆθος μάχιμον, οὐ συντεταγμένον . παρὰ τούτοις δὲ λέγεται καὶ χρυσὸν καταφέρειν τοὺς χειμάρρους, ὑποδέχεσθαι δʼ αὐτὸν τοὺς βαρβάρους φάτναις κατατετρημέναις καὶ μαλλωταῖς δοραῖς· ἀφʼ οὗ δὴ μεμυθεῦσθαι καὶ τὸ χρυσόμαλλον δέρος· εἰ μὴ καὶ Ἴβηρας ὁμωνύμως τοῖς ἑσπερίοις καλοῦσιν ἀπὸ τῶν ἑκατέρωθι χρυσείων. χρῶνται δʼ οἱ Σοάνες φαρμάκοις πρὸς τὰς ἀκίδας θαυμαστοῖς καὶ τοὺς ἀφαρμάκτοις τετρωμένους βέλεσι λυπεῖ κατὰ τὴν ὀσμήν. τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄλλα ἔθνη τὰ πλησίον τὰ περὶ τὸν Καύκασον λυπρὰ καὶ μικρόχωρα, τὸ δὲ τῶν Ἀλβανῶν ἔθνος καὶ τὸ τῶν Ἰβήρων, ἃ δὴ πληροῖ μάλιστα τὸν λεχθέντα ἰσθμόν, Καυκάσια καὶ αὐτὰ λέγοιτʼ ἄν, εὐδαίμονα δὲ χώραν ἔχει καὶ σφόδρα καλῶς οἰκεῖσθαι δυναμένην.
Among the nations that assemble at Dioscurias are the Phtheiropagi, who have their appellation from their dirt and filth.
Near them live the Soanes, not less dirty in their habits, but superior perhaps to all the tribes in strength and courage. They are masters of the country around them, and occupy the heights of Caucasus above Dioscurias. They have a king, and a council of three hundred persons. They can assemble, it is said, an army of two hundred thousand men, for all their people are fighting men, but not distributed into certain orders. In their country the winter torrents are said to bring down even gold, which the Barbarians collect in troughs pierced with holes, and lined with fleeces; and hence the fable of the golden fleece. Some say that they are called Iberians (the same name as the western Iberians) from the gold mines found in both countries. The Soanes use poison of an extraordinary kind for the points of their weapons; even the odour of this poison is a cause of suffering to those who are wounded by arrows thus prepared.
The other neighbouring nations about the Caucasus occupy barren and narrow tracts of land. But the tribes of the Albanians and Iberians, who possess nearly the whole of the above-mentioned isthmus, may also be denominated Caucasian, and yet they live in a fertile country and capable of being well peopled.
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