ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἀλβανίας ὄρεσι καὶ τὰς Ἀμαζόνας οἰκεῖν φασι. Θεοφάνης μὲν οὖν ὁ συστρατεύσας τῷ Πομπηίῳ καὶ γενόμενος ἐν τοῖς Ἀλβανοῖς, μεταξὺ τῶν Ἀμαζόνων καὶ τῶν Ἀλβανῶν φησι Γήλας οἰκεῖν καὶ Λήγας Σκύθας, καὶ ῥεῖν ἐνταῦθα τὸν Μερμάδαλιν ποταμὸν τούτων τε καὶ τῶν Ἀμαζόνων ἀνὰ μέσον. ἄλλοι δέ, ὧν καὶ ὁ Σκήψιος Μητρόδωρος καὶ Ὑψικράτης, οὐδὲ αὐτοὶ ἄπειροι τῶν τόπων γεγονότες, Γαργαρεῦσιν ὁμόρους αὐτὰς οἰκεῖν φασιν ἐν ταῖς ὑπωρείαις ταῖς πρὸς ἄρκτον τῶν Καυκασίων ὀρῶν ἃ καλεῖται Κεραύνια, τὸν μὲν ἄλλον χρόνον καθʼ αὑτάς, αὐτουργούσας ἕκαστα τά τε πρὸς ἄροτον καὶ φυτουργίαν καὶ τὰ πρὸς τὰς νομὰς καὶ μάλιστα τῶν ἵππων, τὰς δʼ ἀλκιμωτάτας κυνηγεσίαις πλεονάζειν καὶ τὰ πολέμια ἀσκεῖν· ἁπάσας δʼ ἐπικεκαῦσθαι τὸν δεξιὸν μαστὸν ἐκ νηπίων, ὥστε εὐπετῶς χρῆσθαι τῷ βραχίονι πρὸς ἑκάστην χρείαν, ἐν δὲ τοῖς πρώτοις πρὸς ἀκοντισμόν· χρῆσθαι δὲ καὶ τόξῳ καὶ σαγάρει καὶ πέλτῃ, δορὰς δὲ θηρίων ποιεῖσθαι περίκρανά τε καὶ σκεπάσματα καὶ διαζώματα· δύο δὲ μῆνας ἐξαιρέτους ἔχειν τοῦ ἔαρος, καθʼ οὓς ἀναβαίνουσιν εἰς τὸ πλησίον ὄρος τὸ διορίζον αὐτάς τε καὶ τοὺς Γαργαρέας. ἀναβαίνουσι δὲ κἀκεῖνοι κατὰ ἔθος τι παλαιόν, συνθύσοντές τε καὶ συνεσόμενοι ταῖς γυναιξὶ τεκνοποιίας χάριν ἀφανῶς τε καὶ ἐν σκότει, ὁ τυχὼν τῇ τυχούσῃ, ἐγκύμονας δὲ ποιήσαντες ἀποπέμπουσιν· αἱ δʼ ὅ τι μὲν ἂν θῆλυ τέκωσι κατέχουσιν αὐταί, τὰ δʼ ἄρρενα κομίζουσιν ἐκείνοις ἐκτρέφειν· ᾠκείωται δʼ ἕκαστος πρὸς ἕκαστον νομίζων υἱὸν διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν.
THE Amazons are said to live among the mountains above Albania. Theophanes, who accompanied Pompey in his wars, and was in the country of the Albanians, says that Gelae and Legae, Scythian tribes, live between the Amazons and the Albanians, and that the river Mermadalis takes its course in the country lying in the middle between these people and the Amazons. But other writers, and among these Metrodorus of Scepsis, and Hypsicrates, who were themselves acquainted with these places, say that the Amazons bordered upon the Gargarenses on the north, at the foot of the Caucasian mountains, which are called Ceraunia. When at home they are occupied in performing with their own hands the work of ploughing, planting, pasturing cattle, and particularly in training horses. The strongest among them spend much of their time in hunting on horseback, and practise warlike exercises. All of them from infancy have the right breast seared, in order that they may use the arm with ease for all manner of purposes, and particularly for throwing the javelin. They employ the bow also, and sagaris, (a kind of sword,) and wear a buckler. They make helmets, and coverings for the body, and girdles, of the skins of wild animals. They pass two months of the spring on a neighbouring mountain, which is the boundary between them and the Gargarenses. The latter also ascend the mountain according to some ancient custom for the purpose of performing common sacrifices, and of having intercourse with the women with a view to offspring, in secret and in darkness, the man with the first woman he meets. When the women are pregnant they are sent away. The female children that may be born are retained by the Amazons themselves, but the males are taken to the Gargarenses to be brought up. The children are distributed among families, in which the master treats them as his own, it being impossible to ascertain the contrary.
ὁ δὲ Μερμόδας καταράττων ἀπὸ τῶν ὀρῶν διὰ τῆς τῶν Ἀμαζόνων καὶ τῆς Σιρακηνῆς καὶ ὅση μεταξὺ ἔρημος, εἰς τὴν Μαιῶτιν ἐκδίδωσι. τοὺς δὲ Γαργαρέας συναναβῆναι μὲν ἐκ Θεμισκύρας φασὶ ταῖς Ἀμαζόσιν εἰς τούσδε τοὺς τόπους, εἶτʼ ἀποστάντας αὐτῶν πολεμεῖν μετὰ Θρᾳκῶν καὶ Εὐβοέων τινῶν πλανηθέντων μέχρι δεῦρο πρὸς αὐτάς, ὕστερον δὲ καταλυσαμένους τὸν πρὸς αὐτὰς πόλεμον ἐπὶ τοῖς λεχθεῖσι ποιήσασθαι συμβάσεις, ὥστε τέκνων συγκοινωνεῖν μόνον, ζῆν δὲ καθʼ αὑτοὺς ἑκατέρους.
The Mermodas, descending like a torrent from the mountains through the country of the Amazons, the Siracene, and the intervening desert, discharges itself into the Maeotis.
It is said that the Gargarenses ascended together with the Amazons from Themiscyra to these places, that they then separated, and with the assistance of some Thracians and Euboeans, who had wandered as far as this country, made war against the Amazons, and at length, upon its termination, entered into a compact on the conditions above mentioned, namely, that there should be a companionship only with respect to offspring, and that they should live each independent of the other.
ἴδιον δέ τι συμβέβηκε τῷ λόγῳ περὶ τῶν Ἀμαζόνων· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλοι τὸ μυθῶδες καὶ τὸ ἱστορικὸν διωρισμένον ἔχουσι· τὰ γὰρ παλαιὰ καὶ ψευδῆ καὶ τερατώδη μῦθοι καλοῦνται, ἡ δʼ ἱστορία βούλεται τἀληθές, ἄν τε παλαιὸν ἄν τε νέον, καὶ τὸ τερατῶδες ἢ οὐκ ἔχει ἢ σπάνιον· περὶ δὲ τῶν Ἀμαζόνων τὰ αὐτὰ λέγεται καὶ νῦν καὶ πάλαι, τερατώδη τε ὄντα καὶ πίστεως πόρρω. τίς γὰρ ἂν πιστεύσειεν, ὡς γυναικῶν στρατὸς ἢ πόλις ἢ ἔθνος συσταίη ἄν ποτε χωρὶς ἀνδρῶν; καὶ οὐ μόνον γε συσταίη, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐφόδους ποιήσαιτο ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν καὶ κρατήσειεν οὐ τῶν ἐγγὺς μόνον ὥστε καὶ μέχρι τῆς νῦν Ἰωνίας προελθεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διαπόντιον στείλαιτο στρατείαν μέχρι τῆς Ἀττικῆς; τοῦτο γὰρ ὅμοιον ὡς ἂν εἴ τις λέγοι, τοὺς μὲν ἄνδρας γυναῖκας γεγονέναι τοὺς τότε τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας ἄνδρας. ἀλλὰ μὴν ταῦτά γε αὐτὰ καὶ νῦν λέγεται περὶ αὐτῶν. ἐπιτείνει δὲ τὴν ἰδιότητα καὶ τὸ πιστεύεσθαι τὰ παλαιὰ μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ νῦν·
There is a peculiarity in the history of the Amazons. In other histories the fabulous and the historical parts are kept distinct. For what is ancient, false, and marvellous is called fable. But history has truth for its object, whether it be old or new, and it either rejects or rarely admits the marvellous. But, with regard to the Amazons, the same facts are related both by modern and by ancient writers; they are marvellous and exceed belief. For who can believe that an army of women, or a city, or a nation, could ever subsist without men? and not only subsist, but make inroads upon the territory of other people, and obtain possession not only of the places near them, and advance even as far as the present Ionia, but even despatch an expedition across the sea to Attica? This is as much as to say that the men of those days were women, and the women men. But even now the same things are told of the Amazons, and the peculiarity of their history is increased by the credit which is given to ancient, in preference to modern, accounts.
κτίσεις γοῦν πόλεων καὶ ἐπωνυμίαι λέγονται, καθάπερ Ἐφέσου καὶ Σμύρνης καὶ Κύμης καὶ Μυρίνης, καὶ τάφοι καὶ ἄλλα ὑπομνήματα· τὴν δὲ Θεμίσκυραν καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν Θερμώδοντα πεδία καὶ τὰ ὑπερκείμενα ὄρη ἅπαντες Ἀμαζόνων καλοῦσι, καί φασιν ἐξελαθῆναι αὐτὰς ἐνθένδε. ὅπου δὲ νῦν εἰσίν, ὀλίγοι τε καὶ ἀναποδείκτως καὶ ἀπίστως ἀποφαίνονται· καθάπερ καὶ περὶ Θαληστρίας, ἣν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ συμμῖξαί φασιν ἐν τῇ Ὑρκανίᾳ καὶ συγγενέσθαι τεκνοποιίας χάριν, δυναστεύουσαν τῶν Ἀμαζόνων· οὐ γὰρ ὁμολογεῖται τοῦτο· ἀλλὰ τῶν συγγραφέων τοσούτων ὄντων οἱ μάλιστα τῆς ἀληθείας φροντίσαντες οὐκ εἰρήκασιν, οὐδʼ οἱ πιστευόμενοι μάλιστα οὐδενὸς μέμνηνται τοιούτου, οὐδʼ οἱ εἰπόντες τὰ αὐτὰ εἰρήκασι· Κλείταρχος δέ φησι τὴν Θαληστρίαν ἀπὸ Κασπίων πυλῶν καὶ Θερμώδοντος ὁρμηθεῖσαν ἐλθεῖν πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον· εἰσὶ δʼ ἀπὸ Κασπίας εἰς Θερμώδοντα στάδιοι πλείους ἑξακισχιλίων.
They are said to have founded cities, and to have given their names to them, as Ephesus, Smyrna, Cyme, Myrina, besides leaving sepulchres and other memorials. Themiscyra, the plains about the Thermodon, and the mountains lying above, are mentioned by all writers as once belonging to the Amazons, from whence, they say, they were driven out. Where they are at present few writers undertake to point out, nor do they advance proofs or probability for what they state; as in the case of Thalestria, queen of the Amazons, with whom Alexander is said to have had intercourse in Hyrcania with the hope of having offspring. Writers are not agreed on this point, and among many who have paid the greatest regard to truth none mention the circumstance, nor do writers of the highest credit mention anything of the kind, nor do those who record it relate the same facts. Cleitarchus says that Thalestria set out from the Caspian Gates and Thermodon to meet Alexander. Now from the Caspian Gates to Thermodon are more than 6000 stadia.
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