ἡ δὲ Παιονία τούτοις μὲν ἔστι πρὸς ἕω τοῖς ἔθνεσι, πρὸς δύσιν δὲ τοῖς Θρᾳκίοις ὄρεσι, πρὸς ἄρκτον δʼ ὑπέρκειται τοῖς Μακεδόσι, διὰ Γορτυνίου πόλεως καὶ Στόβων ἔχουσα τὰς εἰσβολὰς ἐπὶ τὰ πρὸς στενὰ διʼ ὧν ὁ Ἀξιὸς ῥέων δυσείσβολον ποιεῖ τὴν Μακεδονίαν ἐκ τῆς Παιονίας, ὡς ὁ Πηνειὸς διὰ τῶν Τεμπῶν φερόμενος ἀπὸ τῆς Ἑλλάδος αὐτὴν ἐρυμνοῖ· πρὸς νότον δὲ τοῖς Αὐταριάταις καὶ Δαρδανίοις καὶ Ἀρδιαίοις ὁμορεῖ· ἐκτέταται δὲ καὶ μέχρι Στρυμόνος ἡ Παιονία. E.
Paeonia is to the east of these nations, and to the west of the Thracian mountains; on the north it lies above Macedonia. Through the city Gortynium and Stobi it admits of a passage to * * * (through which the Axius flows, and renders the access difficult from Paeonia into Macedonia, as the Peneus flowing through Tempe protects it on the side of Greece.) On the south, Paeonia borders on the Autariatae, the Dardanii, and the Ardiaei; it extends also as far as the Strymon. E.
ὅτι ὁ Ἁλιάκμων εἰς τὸν Θερμαῖον κόλπον ῥεῖ. E.
The Haliacmon flows into the Thermaean Gulf. E.
ἡ δʼ Ὀρεστὶς πολλὴ καὶ ὄρος ἔχει μέγα μέχρι τοῦ Κόρακος τῆς Αἰτωλίας καθῆκον καὶ τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ. περιοικοῦσι δʼ αὐτοί τε Ὀρέσται καὶ Τυμφαῖοι καὶ οἱ ἐκτὸς Ἰσθμοῦ Ἕλληνες οἱ περὶ Παρνασσὸν καὶ τὴν Οἴτην καὶ Πίνδον. ἑνὶ μὲν δὴ κοινῷ ὀνόματι καλεῖται Βοῖον τὸ ὄρος; κατὰ μέρη δὲ πολυώνυμόν ἐστιν. φασὶ δʼ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑψηλοτάτων σκοπιῶν ἀφορᾶσθαι τό τε Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος καὶ τὸ Ἀμβρακικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἰόνιον, πρὸς ὑπερβολὴν οἶμαι λέγοντες. καὶ τὸ Πτελεὸν ἱκανῶς ἐστιν ἐν ὕψει τὸ περικείμενον τῷ Ἀμβρακικῷ κόλπῳ, τῇ μὲν ἐκτεινόμενον μέχρι τῆς Κερκυραίας τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν κατὰ Λευκάδα θάλασσαν. E.
Orestis is of considerable extent; there is in it a large mountain which reaches to Corax of Aetolia and to Parnassus. It is inhabited by the Orestae themselves, by the Tymphaeans, and by Greeks without the isthmus, namely, those who also occupy Parnassus, Aeta, and Pindus. As a whole, the mountain is called by one name, Boion, (Peum?) but the separate divisions bear various names. The Aegean, Ambracian, and Ionian Seas are said to be distinguishable from the highest elevations, but this appears to me to be an extravagant assertion; for Pteleum rises to a considerable height, and is situated near the Ambracian Gulf, stretching on one side to the Corcyraean and on the other to the Leucadian Seas. E.
ὅτι ἐπὶ γέλωτι ἐν παροιμίας μέρει γελᾶται Κέρκυρα ταπεινωθεῖσα τοῖς πολλοῖς πολέμοις. E.
Corcyra, humbled by many wars, became a subject of ridicule, and passed into a proverb. E.
ὅτι ἡ Κόρκυρα τὸ παλαιὸν εὐτυχὴς ἦν καὶ δύναμιν ναυτικὴν πλείστην εἶχεν, ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ πολέμων τινῶν καὶ τυράννων ἐφθάρη· καὶ ὕστερον ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἐλευθερωθεῖσα οὐκ ἐπῃνέθη, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ λοιδορίᾳ παροιμίαν ἔλαβεν ἐλευθέρα Κόρκυρα, χέζʼ ὅπου θέλεις. Epit.
Corcyra was formerly a flourishing place, and possessed a considerable naval force, but went into decay through war and the oppression of its rulers. In later times, although restored to liberty by the Romans, it acquired no renown, but the taunting proverb was applied to it, Corcyra the Free, ease yourself where you please. EPIT.
λοιπὴ δʼ ἐστὶ τῆς Εὐρώπης ἥ τε Μακεδονία καὶ τῆς Θρᾴκης τὰ συνεχῆ ταύτῃ μέχρι Βυζαντίου καὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς καὶ αἱ προσεχεῖς νῆσοι. ἔστι μὲν οὖν Ἑλλὰς καὶ ἡ Μακεδονία· νυνὶ μέντοι τῇ φύσει τῶν τόπων ἀκολουθοῦντες καὶ τῷ σχήματι χωρὶς ἔγνωμεν αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἄλλης Ἑλλάδος τάξαι καὶ συνάψαι πρὸς τὴν ὅμορον αὐτῇ Θρᾴκην μέχρι τοῦ στόματος τοῦ Εὐξείνου καὶ τῆς Προποντίδος. εἶτα μετʼ ὀλίγα μέμνηται Κυψέλων καὶ τοῦ Ἕβρου ποταμοῦ. καταγράφει δὲ καί τι σχῆμα παραλληλόγραμμον, ἐν ᾧ ἡ σύμπασα Μακεδονία ἐστίν. E.
Of Europe, there remains Macedonia, and the parts of Thrace contiguous to it, extending to Byzantium, Greece also, and the adjacent islands: indeed, Macedonia is a part of Greece. Following, however, the natural character of the country and its form, we have determined to separate it from Greece, and to unite it with Thrace, which borders upon it.——Strabo, after a few remarks, mentions Cypsela and the river Hebrus. He also describes a parallelogram in which is placed the whole of Macedonia. E.
ὅτι ἡ Μακεδονία περιορίζεται ἐκ μὲν δυσμῶν τῇ παραλίᾳ τοῦ Ἀδρίου, ἐξ ἀνατολῶν δὲ τῇ παραλλήλῳ ταύτης μεσημβρινῇ γραμμῇ τῇ διὰ τῶν ἐκβολῶν Ἕβρου ποταμοῦ καὶ Κυψέλων πόλεως, ἐκ βορρᾶ δὲ τῇ νοουμένῃ εὐθείᾳ γραμμῇ τῇ διὰ Βερτίσκου ὄρους καὶ Σκάρδου καὶ Ὀρβήλου καὶ Ῥοδόπης καὶ Αἵμου· τὰ γὰρ ὄρη ταῦτα ἀρχόμενα ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀδρίου διήκει κατὰ εὐθεῖαν γραμμὴν ἕως τοῦ Εὐξείνου, ποιοῦντα χερρόνησον μεγάλην πρὸς νότον, τήν τε Θρᾴκην ὁμοῦ καὶ Μακεδονίαν καὶ Ἤπειρον καὶ Ἀχαΐαν· ἐκ νότου δὲ τῇ Ἐγνατίᾳ ὁδῷ ἀπὸ Δυρραχίου πόλεως πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἰοῦσιν ἕως Θεσσαλονικείας· καὶ ἔστι τὸ σχῆμα τοῦτο τῆς Μακεδονίας παραλληλογράμμου ἔγγιστα. Epit.
Macedonia is bounded on the west by the sea-coast of the Adriatic; on the east by a meridian line parallel to this coast, passing through the mouth of the river Hebrus, and the city Cypsela; on the north by an imaginary straight line passing through the mountains Bertiscus, Scardus, Orbelus, Rhodope, and Haemus. For these mountains extend in a straight line, beginning from the Adriatic, to the Euxine, forming towards the south a great peninsula, which comprehends Thrace, Macedonia, Epirus, and Achaia. On the south, Macedonia is bounded by the Egnatian Way, which goes from Dyrrachium eastwards to Thessalonica, and thus has very nearly the form of a parallelogram. EPIT.
ὅτι Ἠμαθία ἐκαλεῖτο πρότερον ἡ νῦν Μακεδονία. ἔλαβε δὲ τοὔνομα τοῦτο ἀπʼ ἀρχαίου τινὸς τῶν ἡγεμόνων Μακεδόνος. ἦν δὲ καὶ πόλις Ἠμαθία πρὸς θαλάσσῃ. κατεῖχον δὲ τὴν χώραν ταύτην Ἠπειρωτῶν τινες καὶ Ἰλλυριῶν, τὸ δὲ πλεῖστον Βοττιαῖοι καὶ Θρᾷκες· οἱ μὲν ἐκ Κρήτης, ὥς φασι, τὸ γένος ὄντες, ἡγεμόνα ἔχοντες Βόττωνα, Θρᾳκῶν δὲ Πίερες μὲν ἐνέμοντο τὴν Πιερίαν καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν Ὄλυμπον, Παίονες δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἀξιὸν ποταμὸν καὶ τὴν καλουμένην διὰ τοῦτο Ἀμφαξῖτιν, Ἠδωνοὶ δὲ καὶ Βισάλται τὴν λοιπὴν μέχρι Στρυμόνος· ὧν οἱ μὲν αὐτὸ τοῦτο προσηγορεύοντο Βισάλται, Ἠδωνῶν δʼ οἱ μὲν Μυγδόνες οἱ δὲ Ἤδωνες οἱ δὲ Σίθωνες. τούτων δὲ πάντων οἱ Ἀργεάδαι καλούμενοι κατέστησαν κύριοι καὶ Χαλκιδεῖς οἱ ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ. ἐπῆλθον δὲ καὶ Χαλκιδεῖς οἱ ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν Σιθώνων καὶ συνῴκισαν πόλεις ἐν αὐτῇ περὶ τριάκοντα, ἐξ ὧν ὕστερον ἐκβαλλόμενοι συνῆλθον εἰς μίαν οἱ πλείους αὐτῶν, εἰς τὴν Ὄλυνθον· ὠνομάζοντο δʼ οἱ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης Χαλκιδεῖς. E.
The country now called Macedonia was formerly called Emathia. It acquired this name from Macedon, one of its ancient princes. There was also a city Emathia near the sea. The country was occupied by some of the Epirotae and Illyrians, but the greatest part by Bottiaei and Thracians. The Bottiaei were of Cretan origin, and came under the command of Botton; the Pieres, who were Thracians, inhabited Pieria and the parts about Olympus; the Paeonians, the borders of the river Axius, from whence the region was called Amphaxitis; the Edoni and Bisalti, the rest of the country as far as the Strymon. The Bisalti retained their name, but the Edoni went under the various names of Mygdones, Edoni, (Odones?) and Sithones. Of all these people, the Argeadae and the Chalcidenses of Euboea became the chief. The Chalcidenses came from Euboea into the territory of the Sithones, and there founded about thirty cities. They were subsequently driven out by the Sithones, but the greater part of them collected together into a single city, namely, Olynthus. They had the name of Chalcidenses-in-Thrace. E.
ὅτι Πηνειὸς μὲν ὁρίζει τὴν κάτω καὶ πρὸς θαλάττῃ Μακεδονίαν ἀπὸ Θετταλίας καὶ Μαγνησίας, Ἁλιάκμων δὲ τὴν ἄνω, καὶ ἔτι τοὺς Ἠπειρώτας καὶ τοὺς Παίονας καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ Ἐρίγων καὶ ὁ Ἀξιὸς καὶ ἕτεροι. E.
The Peneus separates Lower Macedonia and the seaboard from Thessaly and Magnesia. The Haliacmon is the boundary of Upper Macedonia; and the Haliacmon, the Erigon, the Axius, and other rivers, form the boundary between Macedonia and the Epirotae and the Paeonians. E.
ὅτι ἐστὶ τῆς παραλίας τῆς Μακεδονικῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ Θερμαίου κόλπου καὶ Θεσσαλονικείας ἡ μὲν τεταμένη πρὸς νότον μέχρι Σουνίου, ἡ δὲ πρὸς ἕω μέχρι τῆς Θρᾳκίας χερρονήσου, γωνίαν τινὰ ποιοῦσα κατὰ τὸν μυχόν. εἰς ἑκάτερον δὲ καθηκούσης τῆς Μακεδονίας, ἀπὸ τῆς προτέρας λεχθείσης ἀρκτέον. τὰ μὲν δὴ πρῶτα μέρη τὰ περὶ Σούνιον ὑπερκειμένην ἔχει τὴν Ἀττικὴν σὺν τῇ Μεγαρικῇ μέχρι τοῦ Κρισαίου κόλπου· μετὰ δὲ ταύτην ἡ Βοιωτική ἐστι παραλία ἡ πρὸς Εὔβοιαν· ὑπέρκειται δʼ αὐτῆς ἡ λοιπὴ Βοιωτία ἐπὶ δύσιν παράλληλος τῇ Ἀττικῇ. λέγει δὲ καὶ τὴν Ἐγνατίαν ὁδὸν τελευτᾶν εἰς Θεσσαλονίκειαν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰονίου κόλπου. E.
If a line is drawn from the recess of the Thermaic Gulf, on the sea-coast of Macedonia, and from Thessalonica, southwards, to Sunium, and another eastwards, towards the Thracian Chersonese, an angle will be made in the recess. Macedonia extends in both directions, and we must begin with the line first mentioned. The first part of it has beyond it Attica with Megaris to the Crissaean Bay. Next succeeds the sea-coast of Boeotia near Eubea. Above Euboea an the west lies the rest of Boeotia, parallel with Attica. Strabo says that the Egnatian Way begins from the Ionian Gulf and ends at Thessalonica. E.
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