ἔθνη δʼ ἐστὶ τῶν Παννονίων Βρεῦκοι καὶ Ἀνδιζήτιοι καὶ Διτίωνες καὶ Πειροῦσται καὶ Μαζαῖοι καὶ Δαισιτιᾶται, ὧν Βάτων ἡγεμών, καὶ ἄλλα ἀσημότερα μικρά, ἃ διατείνει μέχρι Δαλματίας σχεδὸν δέ τι καὶ Ἀρδιαίων ἰόντι πρὸς νότον· ἅπασα δʼ ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ Ἀδρίου παρήκουσα ὀρεινὴ μέχρι τοῦ Ῥιζονικοῦ κόλπου καὶ τῆς Ἀρδιαίων γῆς […] μεταξὺ πίπτουσα τῆς τε θαλάττης καὶ τῶν Παννονίων ἐθνῶν. σχεδὸν δέ τι καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιητέον τῆς συνεχοῦς περιοδείας ἀναλαβοῦσι μικρὰ τῶν λεχθέντων πρότερον. ἔφαμεν δʼ ἐν τῇ περιοδείᾳ τῆς Ἰταλίας Ἴστρους εἶναι πρώτους τῆς Ἰλλυρικῆς παραλίας συνεχεῖς τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ καὶ τοῖς Κάρνοις, καὶ διότι μέχρι Πόλας, Ἰστρικῆς πόλεως, προήγαγον οἱ νῦν ἡγεμόνες τοὺς τῆς Ἰταλίας ὅρους. οὗτοι μὲν οὖν περὶ ὀκτακοσίους σταδίους εἰσὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ μυχοῦ. τοσοῦτοι δʼ εἰσὶ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἄκρας τῆς πρὸ τῶν Πολῶν ἐπὶ Ἀγκῶνα ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχοντι τὴν Ἑνετικήν. ὁ δὲ πᾶς Ἰστρικὸς παράπλους χίλια τριακόσια.
The Breuci, Andizetii, Ditiones, Peirustae, Mazaei, Daisitiatae, whose chief was Baton, and other small obscure communities, which extend to Dalmatia, and almost to the Ardiaei to the south, are Pannonians. The whole mountainous tract from the recess of the Adriatic bay to the Rhizonic gulf, and to the territory of the Ardiaei, intervening between the sea and Pannonia, forms the coast of Illyria.
Here perhaps we ought to begin an uninterrupted account of these places, after a short repetition.
In describing Italy we said, that the Istri were the first nation on the Illyrian coast, contiguous to Italy and to the Carni, and that the present government had advanced the limits of Italy to Pola, a city of Istria. These limits are distant about 800 stadia from the recess of the bay. It is the same distance from the promontory in front of Pola to Ancon, keeping Henetica on the right hand. The whole voyage along the coast of Istria is 1300 stadia.
ἑξῆς δʼ ἐστὶν ὁ Ἰαποδικὸς παράπλους χιλίων σταδίων· ἵδρυνται γὰρ οἱ Ἰάποδες ἐπὶ τῷ Ἀλβίῳ ὄρει τελευταίῳ τῶν Ἄλπεων ὄντι ὑψηλῷ σφόδρα, τῇ μὲν ἐπὶ τοὺς Παννονίους καὶ τὸν Ἴστρον καθήκοντες τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀδρίαν, ἀρειμάνιοι μὲν ἐκπεπονημένοι δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ τελέως· πόλεις δʼ αὐτῶν Μέτουλον Ἀρουπῖνοι Μονήτιον Ὀυένδων· λυπρὰ δὲ τὰ χωρία, καὶ ζειᾷ καὶ κέγχρῳ τὰ πολλὰ τρεφομένων· ὁ δʼ ὁπλισμὸς Κελτικός· κατάστικτοι δʼ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἄλλοις Ἰλλυριοῖς καὶ Θρᾳξί. μετὰ δὲ τὸν τῶν Ἰαπόδων ὁ Λιβυρνικὸς παράπλους ἐστί, μείζων τοῦ προτέρου σταδίοις , ἐν δὲ τῷ παράπλῳ ποταμὸς φορτίοις ἀνάπλουν ἔχων μέχρι Δαλματέων, καὶ Σκάρδων Λιβυρνὴ πόλις.
Next is the voyage along the coast of the Iapodes, 1000 stadia in extent. The Iapodes are situated on Mount Albius, which is the termination of the Alps, and is of very great height. They reach in one direction to the Pannonii and the Danube, and in another to the Adriatic. They are a warlike people, but were completely subdued by Augustus. Their cities are Metulum, Arupinum, Monetium, Vendum. The country is poor, and the inhabitants live chiefly upon spelt and millet. Their armour is after the Keltic fashion. Their bodies are punctured, like those of the other Illyrian and Thracian people. After the coast of the Iapodes follows that of Liburnia, exceeding the former by 500 stadia. On this coast is Scardon, a Liburnian city, and a river, which is navigable for vessels of burden as far as the Dalmatae.
παρʼ ὅλην δʼ ἣν εἶπον παραλίαν νῆσοι μὲν αἱ Ἀψυρτίδες, περὶ ἃς ἡ Μήδεια λέγεται διαφθεῖραι τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἄψυρτον διώκοντα αὐτήν. ἔπειτα ἡ Κυρικτικὴ κατὰ τοὺς Ἰάποδας· εἶθʼ αἱ Λιβυρνίδες περὶ τετταράκοντα τὸν ἀριθμόν· εἶτʼ ἄλλαι νῆσοι, γνωριμώταται δʼ Ἴσσα, Τραγούριον, Ἰσσέων κτίσμα, Φάρος ἡ πρότερον Πάρος, Παρίων κτίσμα, ἐξ ἧς Δημήτριος ὁ Φάριος. εἶτα ἡ τῶν Δαλματέων παραλία καὶ τὸ ἐπίνειον αὐτῶν Σάλων. ἔστι δὲ τῶν πολὺν χρόνον πολεμησάντων πρὸς Ῥωμαίους τὸ ἔθνος τοῦτο· κατοικίας δʼ ἔσχεν ἀξιολόγους εἰς πεντήκοντα, ὧν τινὰς καὶ πόλεις, Σάλωνά τε καὶ Πρώμωνα καὶ Νινίαν καὶ Σινώτιον τό τε νέον καὶ τὸ παλαιόν, ἃς ἐνέπρησεν ὁ Σεβαστός. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀνδήτριον ἐρυμνὸν χωρίον, Δέλμιον δὲ μεγάλη πόλις, ἧς ἐπώνυμον τὸ ἔθνος· μικρὰν δʼ ἐποίησε Νασικᾶς καὶ τὸ πεδίον μηλόβοτον διὰ τὴν πλεονεξίαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων. ἴδιον δὲ τῶν Δαλματέων τὸ διὰ ὀκταετηρίδος χώρας ἀναδασμὸν ποιεῖσθαι· τὸ δὲ μὴ χρῆσθαι νομίσμασι πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ ταύτῃ ἴδιον, πρὸς ἄλλους δὲ τῶν βαρβάρων πολλοὺς κοινόν. Ἄδριον δὲ ὄρος ἐστὶ μέσην τέμνον τὴν Δαλματικήν, τὴν μὲν ἐπιθαλάττιον τὴν δʼ ἐπὶ θάτερα. εἶθʼ ὁ Νάρων ποταμὸς καὶ οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν Δαόριζοι καὶ Ἀρδιαῖοι καὶ Πληραῖοι, ὧν τοῖς μὲν πλησιάζει νῆσος ἡ μέλαινα Κόρκυρα καλουμένη καὶ πόλις, Κνιδίων κτίσμα, τοῖς δὲ Ἀρδιαίοις ἡ Φάρος, Πάρος λεγομένη πρότερον· Παρίων γάρ ἐστι κτίσμα.
Islands are scattered along the whole of the above-mentioned coast; among them are the Apsyrtides, where Medea is said to have killed her brother Apsyrtus, who was pursuing her.
Near the Iapodes is Cyrictica, then the Liburnian islands, about forty in number; other islands follow, of which the best known are Issa, Tragurium, founded by Isseans; Pharos, formerly Paros, founded by Parians, the birth-place of Demetrius, the Pharian; then the coast of the Dallnatae and their naval arsenal, Salon. This nation was for a long time at war with the Romans. They had fifty considerable settlements, some of which were in the rank of cities, as Salon, Priomon, Ninias, and the old and new Sinotium. Augustus burnt them down. There is also Andetrium, a strong fortress, and Dalmatium, a large city, of the same name as the nation. Scipio Nasica greatly reduced its size, and converted the plain into a pasture for sheep, on account of the disposition of the people to rob and pillage.
It is a custom peculiar to the Dalmatae to make a partition of their lands every eighth year. They do not use money, which is a peculiarity also when compared with the habits of the other inhabitants of this coast; but this is common among many other tribes of barbarians.
The mountain Adrion divides Dalmatia into two parts, one of which is on the sea, the other forms the opposite side of the mountain. Then follow the river Naron, and the people in the neighbourhood, the Daorizi, Ardiaei, and Pleraei. Near the former lies the island Black Corcyra, on which is a city founded by the Cnidians. Near the Ardiaei is Pharos, formerly called Paros, for it was founded by Parians.
Ὀυαρδαίους δʼ οἱ ὕστερον ἐκάλεσαν τοὺς Ἀρδιαίους· ἀπέωσαν δʼ αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν μεσόγαιαν ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάττης Ῥωμαῖοι, λυμαινομένους αὐτὴν διὰ τῶν λῃστηρίων, καὶ ἠνάγκασαν γεωργεῖν. τραχεῖα δὲ χώρα καὶ λυπρὰ καὶ οὐ γεωργῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὥστʼ ἐξέφθαρται τελέως , μικροῦ δὲ καὶ ἐκλέλοιπε. τοῦτο δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἔθνεσι τοῖς ταύτῃ συνέβη· οἱ γὰρ πλεῖστον δυνάμενοι πρότερον τελέως ἐταπεινώθησαν καὶ ἐξέλιπον, Γαλατῶν μὲν Βοῖοι καὶ Σκορδίσται, Ἰλλυριῶν δὲ Αὐταριᾶται καὶ Ἀρδιαῖοι καὶ Δαρδάνιοι, Θρᾳκῶν δὲ Τριβαλλοί, ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ὕστερον δʼ ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων καὶ Ῥωμαίων ἐκπολεμούμενοι.
Later writers call the Ardiaei, Vardaei. The Romans drove them into the interior from the sea-coast, which was infested by their piracies, and compelled them to cultivate the ground; but as the country was rugged and barren, and not adapted to husbandry, the nation was entirely ruined and nearly extinguished. The same happened to other neighbouring nations. People formerly very powerful are extinct, or were reduced to the lowest condition, as the Boii and Scordisci among the Galatae; the Autariatae, Ardiaei, and Dardanii, among the Illyrians; and the Triballi among the Thracians. They first declined in consequence of disputes amongst themselves, but were finally prostrated by wars with the Macedonians and Romans.
μετὰ δʼ οὖν τὴν τῶν Ἀρδιαίων καὶ Πληραίων παραλίαν ὁ Ῥιζονικὸς κόλπος ἐστὶ καὶ Ῥίζων πόλις καὶ ἄλλα πολίχνια, καὶ Δρίλων ποταμὸς ἀνάπλουν ἔχων πρὸς ἕω μέχρι τῆς Δαρδανικῆς, ἣ συνάπτει τοῖς Μακεδονικοῖς ἔθνεσι καὶ τοῖς Παιονικοῖς πρὸς μεσημβρίαν, καθάπερ καὶ οἱ Αὐταριᾶται καὶ Δασαρήτιοι, ἄλλοι κατʼ ἄλλα μέρη συνεχεῖς ἀλλήλοις ὄντες καὶ τοῖς Αὐταριάταις. τῶν δὲ Δαρδανιατῶν εἰσι καὶ οἱ Γαλάβριοι, παρʼ οἷς […] πόλις ἀρχαία, καὶ οἱ Θουνάται, Μαίδοις ἔθνει Θρᾳκίῳ πρὸς ἕω συνάπτουσιν. ἄγριοι δʼ ὄντες οἱ Δαρδάνιοι τελέως, ὥσθʼ ὑπὸ ταῖς κοπρίαις ὀρύξαντες σπήλαια ἐνταῦθα διαίτας ποιεῖσθαι, μουσικῆς δʼ ὅμως ἐπεμελήθησαν ἀεὶ χρώμενοι καὶ αὐλοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἐντατοῖς ὀργάνοις. οὗτοι μὲν οὖν ἐν τῇ μεσογαίᾳ· μνησθησόμεθα δʼ αὐτῶν καὶ ὕστερον.
After the termination of the coast of the Ardiaei and Pleraei is the bay of the Rhizaei, a city Rhizon, other small towns, and the river Drilon, which may be navigated up its stream towards the east as far as Dardanica. This country is situated close to the Macedonian and Paeonian nations, towards the south, as also the Autariatae and the Dasaretii are in parts contiguous to one another [and to the Autariatae]. To the Dardaniatae belong the Galabrii, in whose territory is an ancient city; and the Thunatae, who approach on the east close to the Maedi, a Thracian tribe.
The Dardanii are entirely a savage people, so much so that they dig caves beneath dungheaps, in which they dwell; yet they are fond of music, and are much occupied in playing upon pipes and on stringed instruments. They inhabit the inland parts of the country, and we shall mention them again in another place.
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