Ἐν δὲ τῇ μεσογαίᾳ πόλεις πρὸς ταῖς εἰρημέναις Ἀρρήτιόν τε καὶ Περουσία καὶ Ὀυολσίνιοι καὶ Σούτριον· πρὸς δὲ ταύταις πολίχναι συχναί, Βλήρα τε καὶ Φερεντῖνον καὶ Φαλέριοι καὶ Φαλίσκον καὶ Νεπήτα καὶ Στατωνία καὶ ἄλλαι πλείους, αἱ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς συνεστῶσαι, τινὲς δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων οἰκισάντων ἢ ταπεινωσάντων, καθάπερ τοὺς Ὀυηίους πολεμήσαντας πολλάκις καὶ τὰς Φιδήνας. ἔνιοι δʼ οὐ Τυρρηνούς φασι τοὺς Φαλερίους ἀλλὰ Φαλίσκους, ἴδιον ἔθνος· τινὲς δὲ καὶ τοὺς Φαλίσκους πόλιν ἰδιόγλωσσον· οἱ δὲ Αἰκουουμφαλίσκον λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ Φλαμινίᾳ ὁδῷ κείμενον μεταξὺ Ὀκρίκλων καὶ Ῥώμης. ὑπὸ δὲ τῷ Σωράκτῳ ὄρει Φερωνία πόλις ἐστίν, ὁμώνυμος ἐπιχωρίᾳ τινὶ δαίμονι τιμωμένῃ σφόδρα ὑπὸ τῶν περιοίκων, ἧς τέμενός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ θαυμαστὴν ἱεροποιίαν ἔχον· γυμνοῖς γὰρ ποσὶ διεξίασιν ἀνθρακιὰν καὶ σποδιὰν μεγάλην οἱ κατεχόμενοι ὑπὸ τῆς δαίμονος ταύτης ἀπαθεῖς, καὶ συνέρχεται πλῆθος ἀνθρώπων ἅμα τῆς τε πανηγύρεως χάριν, ἣ συντελεῖται κατʼ ἔτος, καὶ τῆς λεχθείσης θέας. μάλιστα δʼ ἐστὶν ἐν μεσογαίᾳ τὸ Ἀρρήτιον πρὸς τοῖς ὄρεσιν. ἀπέχει γοῦν τῆς Ῥώμης χιλίους καὶ διακοσίους σταδίους, τὸ δὲ Κλούσιον ὀκτακοσίους· ἐγγὺς δὲ τούτων ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ Περουσία. προσλαμβάνουσι δὲ πρὸς τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν τῆς χώρας καὶ λίμναι μεγάλαι τε καὶ πολλαὶ οὖσαι· καὶ γὰρ πλέονται καὶ τρέφουσιν ὄψον πολὺ καὶ τῶν πτηνῶν τὰ λιμναῖα· τύφη τε καὶ πάπυρος ἀνθήλη τε πολλὴ κατακομίζεται ποταμοῖς εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην, οὓς ἐκδιδόασιν αἱ λίμναι μέχρι τοῦ Τιβέρεως· ὧν ἐστιν ἥ τε Κιμινία καὶ ἡ περὶ Ὀυολσινίους καὶ ἡ περὶ Κλούσιον καὶ ἡ ἐγγυτάτω τῆς Ῥώμης καὶ τῆς θαλάττης Σαβάτα· ἀπωτάτω δὲ καὶ δὴ πρὸς Ἀρρητίῳ ἡ Τρασουμέννα, καθʼ ἣν αἱ ἐκ τῆς Κελτικῆς εἰς τὴν Τυρρηνίαν εἰσβολαὶ στρατοπέδοις, αἷσπερ καὶ Ἀννίβας ἐχρήσατο, δυεῖν οὐσῶν, ταύτης τε καὶ τῆς ἐπʼ Ἀριμίνου διὰ τῆς Ὀμβρικῆς. βελτίων μὲν οὖν ἡ ἐπʼ Ἀριμίνου· ταπεινοῦται γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἱκανῶς τὰ ὄρη· φρουρουμένων δὲ τῶν παρόδων τούτων ἐπιμελῶς, ἠναγκάσθη τὴν χαλεπωτέραν ἑλέσθαι, καὶ ἐκράτησεν ὅμως νικήσας μάχας μεγάλας Φλαμίνιον. πολλὴ δὲ καὶ τῶν θερμῶν ὑδάτων ἀφθονία κατὰ τὴν Τυρρηνίαν· οὐχ ἧττον δʼ εὐανδρεῖ τῶν ἐν Βαΐαις, ἃ διωνόμασται πολὺ πάντων μάλιστα.
In the interior of the country, besides the cities already mentioned, there are Arretium, Perusia, Volsinii, Sutrium; and in addition to these are numerous small cities, as Blera, Ferentinum, Falerium, Faliscum, Nepita, Statonia, and many others; some of which exist in their original state, others have been colonized by the Romans, or partially ruined by them in their wars, viz. those they frequently waged against the Veii and the Fidenae. Some say that the inhabitants of Falerium are not Tyrrhenians, but Falisci, a distinct nation; others state further, that the Falisci speak a language peculiar to themselves; some again would make it Aequum-Faliscum on the Via Flaminia, lying between Ocricli and Rome. Below Mount Soracte is the city of Feronia, having the same name as a certain goddess of the country, highly reverenced by the surrounding people: here is her temple, in which a remarkable ceremony is performed, for those possessed by the divinity pass over a large bed of burning coal and ashes barefoot, unhurt. A great concourse of people assemble to assist at the festival, which is celebrated yearly, and to see the said spectacle. Arretium, near the mountains, is the most inland city: it is distant from Rome 1200 stadia: from Clusium [to Rome] is 800 stadia. Near to these [two cities] is Perusia. The large and numerous lakes add to the fertility of this country, they are navigable, and stocked with fish and aquatic birds. Large quantities of typha, papyrus, and anthela are transported to Rome, up the rivers which flow from these lakes to the Tiber. Among these are the lake Ciminius, and those near the Volsinii, and Clusium, and Sabatus, which is nearest to Rome and the sea, and the farthest Trasumennus, near Arretium. Along this is the pass by which armies can proceed from [Cisalpine] Keltica into Tyrrhenia; this is the one followed by Hannibal. There are two; the other leads towards Ariminum across Ombrica, and is preferable as the mountains are considerably lower; however, as this was carefully guarded, Hannibal was compelled to take the more difficult, which he succeeded in forcing after having vanquished Flaminius in a decisive engagement. There are likewise in Tyrrhenia numerous hot springs, which on account of their proximity to Rome, are not less frequented than those of Baiae, which are the most famous of all.
τῇ δὲ Τυρρηνίᾳ παραβέβληται κατὰ τὸ πρὸς ἕω μέρος ἡ Ὀμβρική, τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀπεννίνων λαβοῦσα, καὶ ἔτι περαιτέρω μέχρι τοῦ Ἀδρίου. ἀπὸ γὰρ δὴ Ῥαουέννης ἀρξάμενοι κατέχουσιν οὗτοι τὰ πλησίον καὶ ἐφεξῆς Σάρσιναν Ἀρίμινον Σήναν καὶ Μάρινον. αὐτοῦ δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ὁ Αἶσις ποταμὸς καὶ τὸ Κίγγουλον ὄρος καὶ Σεντῖνον καὶ Μέταυρος ποταμὸς καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Τύχης. περὶ γὰρ τούτους τοὺς τόπους ἐστὶ τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰταλίας τῆς πρότερον καὶ τῆς Κελτικῆς κατὰ τὸ πρὸς τῇ θαλάττῃ ταύτῃ μέρος, καίπερ μετατιθέντων πολλάκις τῶν ἡγεμόνων. πρότερον μέν γε τὸν Αἶσιν ἐποιοῦντο ὅριον, πάλιν δὲ τὸν Ῥουβίκωνα ποταμόν. ἔστι δʼ ὁ μὲν Αἶσις μεταξὺ Ἀγκῶνος καὶ Σήνας, ὁ δὲ Ῥουβίκων μεταξὺ Ἀριμίνου καὶ Ῥαουέννης, ἄμφω δʼ ἐκπίπτουσιν εἰς τὸν Ἀδρίαν. νυνὶ δὲ συμπάσης τῆς μέχρι Ἄλπεων ἀποδειχθείσης Ἰταλίας, τούτους μὲν τοὺς ὅρους ἐᾶν δεῖ, τὴν δʼ Ὀμβρικὴν καθʼ ὴν οὐδὲν ἧττον μέχρι καὶ Ῥαουέννης ὁμολογοῦσιν ἅπαντες διατείνειν· οἰκεῖται γὰρ ὑπὸ τούτων. εἰς μὲν δὴ Ἀρίμινον ἐνθένδε περὶ τριακοσίους φασίν, ἐκ δὲ Ἀριμίνου τὴν ἐπὶ Ῥώμης ἰόντι κατὰ τὴν Φλαμινίαν ὁδὸν διὰ τῆς Ὀμβρικῆς ἅπασα ἡ ὁδός ἐστι μέχρι Ὀκρίκλων καὶ τοῦ Τιβέρεως σταδίων πεντήκοντα καὶ τριακοσίων ἐπὶ τοῖς χιλίοις. τοῦτο μὲν δὴ μῆκος, τὸ δὲ πλάτος ἀνώμαλόν ἐστι. πόλεις δʼ εἰσὶν αἱ ἐντὸς τῶν Ἀπεννίνων ὀρῶν ἄξιαι λόγου κατʼ αὐτὴν μὲν τὴν Φλαμινίαν ὁδὸν οἵ τε Ὀκρίκλοι πρὸς τῷ Τιβέρει καὶ * λαρολονι καὶ Ναρνία, διʼ ἧς ῥεῖ ὁ Νὰρ ποταμός, συμβάλλων τῷ Τιβέρει μικρὸν ὑπὲρ Ὀκρίκλων, πλωτὸς οὐ μεγάλοις σκάφεσιν· εἶτα Κάρσουλοι καὶ Μηουανία, παρʼ ἣν ῥεῖ ὁ Τενέας, καὶ οὗτος ἐλάττοσι σκάφεσι κατάγων ἐπὶ τὸν Τίβεριν τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου. καὶ ἄλλαι δʼ εἰσὶ κατοικίαι διὰ τὴν ὁδὸν πληθυνόμεναι μᾶλλον ἢ διὰ πολιτικὸν σύστημα, Φόρον Φλαμίνιον καὶ Νουκερία ἡ τὰ ξύλινα ἀγγεῖα ἐργαζομένη καὶ Φόρον Σεμπρώνιον. ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ τῆς ὁδοῦ βαδίζοντι ἐκ τῶν Ὀκρίκλων εἰς Ἀρίμινον Ἰντέραμνά ἐστι καὶ Σπολήτιον καὶ Αἴσιον καὶ Καμέρτης, ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς ὁρίζουσι τὴν Πικεντίνην ὄρεσι. κατὰ δὲ θάτερα μέρη Ἀμερία τε καὶ Τοῦδερ εὐερκὴς πόλις, καὶ Εἰσπέλλον καὶ Ἰγούιον, πλησίον τοῦτο ἤδη τῶν ὑπερβολῶν τοῦ ὄρους. ἅπασα δʼ εὐδαίμων ἡ χώρα, μικρῷ δʼ ὀρειοτέρα, ζειᾷ μᾶλλον ἢ πυρῷ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τρέφουσα· ὀρεινὴ δὲ καὶ ἡ Σαβίνη ἐφεξῆς οὖσα ταύτῃ, παραβεβλημένη τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὅνπερ αὕτη τῇ Τυρρηνικῇ· καὶ τῆς Λατίνης δὲ ὅσα πλησιάζει τούτοις τε καὶ τοῖς Ἀπεννίνοις ὄρεσι τραχύτερά ἐστιν. ἄρχεται μὲν οὖν τὰ δύο ἔθνη ταῦτα ἀπὸ τοῦ Τιβέρεως καὶ τῆς Τυρρηνίας, ἐκτείνεται δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ Ἀπέννινα ὄρη πρὸς τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ λοξὰ παρεμβάλλοντα, ἡ δὲ Ὀμβρικὴ καὶ παραλλάττουσα, ὡς εἴρηται, μέχρι τῆς θαλάττης. περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν Ὀμβρικῶν ἱκανῶς εἴρηται.
Ombrica lies along the eastern boundary of Tyrrhenia, and commencing from the Apennines, or rather beyond those mountains, [extends] as far as the Adriatic. For commencing from Ravenna, the Ombrici inhabit the neighbouring country together with the cities of Sarsina, Ariminum, Sena, † and Marinum. † To their country likewise belongs the river Esino, Mount Cingulum, [the city of] Sentinum, the river Metaurus, and the Fanum Fortunae; for about these parts are the boundaries which separate ancient Italy and [Cisalpine] Keltica on the side next the Adriatic, although the boundary has frequently been changed by the chief men of the state. First they made the Esino the boundary; afterwards the river Rubicon: the Esino being between Ancona and Sena, and the Rubicon between Ariminum and Ravenna, both of them falling into the Adriatic. At the present day, however, since Italy comprehends the whole country as far as the Alps, we need take no further notice of these limits. All allow that Ombrica extends as far as Ravenna, as the inhabitants are Ombrici. From Ravenna to Ariminum they say is about 300 stadia. Going from Ariminum to Rome by the Via Flaminia, the whole journey lies through Ombrica as far as the city of Ocricli and the Tiber, a distance of 1350 stadia. This, consequently, is the length [of Ombrica]; its breadth varies. The cities of considerable magnitude situated on this side the Apennines along the Via Flaminia, are Ocricli on the Tiber, Laroloni, and Narnia, through which the Nera flows. This river discharges itself into the Tiber a little above Ocricli; it is not navigable for large vessels. After these are Carsuli and Mevania, past which latter the Teneas flows, by which river the merchandise of the plain is transported in small vessels to the Tiber. There are also other cities well populated, rather on account of the route along which they lie, than for their political importance. Such are Forum Flaminium, Nuceria where wooden vases are manufactured, and Forum Sempronium. Going from Ocricli to Ariminum, on the right of the way are Interamna, Spoletium, Asisium, and Camerta, situated in the mountains which bound Picenum. On the other side are Ameria, Tuder, a well-fortified city, Hispellum, and Iguvium, near to the passes of the mountain. The whole of this country is fertile, but rather too mountainous, and producing more rye than wheat for the food of the inhabitants. The next district, Sabina, is mountainous, and borders on Tyrrhenia in like manner. The parts of Latium which border on these districts and the Apennines are very rugged. These two nations commence from the Tiber and Tyrrhenia, and extend as far as the Apennines which advance obliquely towards the Adriatic: Ombrica extends, as we have said, beyond as far as the sea. We have now sufficiently described the Ombrici.
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