ἔστι δὲ ἡ Θεμίσκυρα πεδίον τῇ μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ πελάγους κλυζόμενον, ὅσον ἑξήκοντα σταδίους τῆς πόλεως διέχον, τῇ δʼ ὑπὸ τῆς ὀρεινῆς εὐδένδρου καὶ διαρρύτου ποταμοῖς αὐτόθεν τὰς πηγὰς ἔχουσιν. ἐκ μὲν οὖν τούτων πληρούμενος ἁπάντων εἷς ποταμὸς διέξεισι τὸ πεδίον Θερμώδων καλούμενος· ἄλλος δὲ τούτῳ πάρισος ῥέων ἐκ τῆς καλουμένης Φαναροίας τὸ αὐτὸ διέξεισι πεδίον· καλεῖται δὲ Ἶρις. ἔχει δὲ τὰς πηγὰς ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ Πόντῳ, ῥυεὶς δὲ διὰ πόλεως μέσης Κομάνων τῶν Ποντικῶν καὶ διὰ τῆς Δαζιμωνίτιδος εὐδαίμονος πεδίου πρὸς δύσιν, εἶτʼ ἐπιστρέφει πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους παρʼ αὐτὰ τὰ Γαζίουρα, παλαιὸν βασίλειον, νῦν δʼ ἔρημον· εἶτα ἀνακάμπτει πάλιν πρὸς ἕω παραλαβὼν τόν τε Σκύλακα καὶ ἄλλους ποταμούς, καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸ τὸ τῆς Ἀμασείας ἐνεχθεὶς τεῖχος, τῆς ἡμετέρας πατρίδος, πόλεως ἐρυμνοτάτης, εἰς τὴν Φανάροιαν πρόεισιν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ συμβαλὼν ὁ Λύκος αὐτῷ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἐξ Ἀρμενίας ἔχων γίνεται καὶ αὐτὸς Ἶρις· εἶθʼ ἡ Θεμίσκυρα ὑποδέχεται τὸ ῥεῦμα καὶ τὸ Ποντικὸν πέλαγος. διὰ δὲ τοῦτο ἔνδροσόν ἐστι καὶ ποάζον ἀεὶ τὸ πεδίον τοῦτο τρέφειν ἀγέλας βοῶν τε ὁμοίως καὶ ἵππων δυνάμενον, σπόρον δὲ πλεῖστον δέχεται τὸν ἐκ τῆς ἐλύμου καὶ κέγχρου, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀνέκλειπτον· αὐχμοῦ γάρ ἐστι κρείττων ἡ εὐυδρία παντός, ὥστʼ οὐδὲ λιμὸς καθικνεῖται τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων οὐδʼ ἅπαξ· τοσαύτην δʼ ὀπώραν ἐκδίδωσιν ἡ παρόρειος τὴν αὐτοφυῆ καὶ ἀγρίαν σταφυλῆς τε καὶ ὄχνης καὶ μήλου καὶ τῶν καρυωδῶν ὥστε κατὰ πᾶσαν τοῦ ἔτους ὥραν ἀφθόνως εὐπορεῖν τοὺς ἐξιόντας ἐπὶ τὴν ὕλην, τοτὲ μὲν ἔτι κρεμαμένων τῶν καρπῶν ἐν τοῖς δένδρεσι, τοτὲ δʼ ἐν τῇ πεπτωκυίᾳ φυλλάδι καὶ ὑπʼ αὐτῇ κειμένων βαθείᾳ καὶ πολλῇ κεχυμένῃ. συχναὶ δὲ καὶ θῆραι παντοίων ἀγρευμάτων διὰ τὴν εὐπορίαν τῆς τροφῆς.
Themiscyra is a plain, partly washed by the sea, and distant about 60 stadia from the city (Amisus); and partly situated at the foot of a mountainous country, which is well wooded, and intersected with rivers, which have their source among the mountains. A river, named Thermodon, which receives the water of all these rivers traverses the plain.
Another river very similar to this, of the name of Iris, flowing from a place called Phanaroea, traverses the same plain. It has its sources in Pontus. Flowing westward through the city of Pontic Comana, and through Dazimonitis, a fertile plain, it then turns to the north beside Gaziura, an ancient seat of the kings, but now deserted; it then again returns to the east, where, uniting with the Scylax and other rivers, and taking its course beside the walls of my native place, Amaseia, a very strongly fortified city, proceeds to Phanaroea. There when joined by the Lycus, which rises in Armenia, it becomes the Iris. It then enters Themiscyra, and discharges itself into the Euxine. This plain, therefore, is well watered with dews, is constantly covered with herbage, and is capable of affording food to herds of cattle as well as to horses. The largest crops there consist of panic and millet, or rather they never fail, for the supply of water more than counteracts the effect of all drought; these people, therefore, never on any occasion experience a famine. The country at the foot of the mountains produces so large an autumnal crop of spontaneous-grown wild fruits, of the vine, the pear, the apple, and hazel, that, in all seasons of the year, persons who go into the woods to cut timber gather them in large quantities; the fruit is found either yet hanging upon the trees or lying beneath a deep covering of fallen leaves thickly strewed upon the ground. Wild animals of all kinds, which resort here on account of the abundance of food, are frequently hunted.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν Θεμίσκυράν ἐστιν ἡ Σιδήνη, πεδίον εὔδαιμον, οὐχ ὁμοίως δὲ κατάρρυτον, ἔχον χωρία ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ τῇ παραλίᾳ, τήν τε Σίδην ἀφʼ ἧς ὠνομάσθη Σιδήνη, καὶ Χάβακα καὶ Φάβδα· μέχρι μὲν δὴ δεῦρο Ἀμισηνή. ἄνδρες δὲ γεγόνασιν ἄξιοι μνήμης κατὰ παιδείαν ἐνταῦθα μαθηματικοὶ μὲν Δημήτριος ὁ τοῦ Ῥαθηνοῦ καὶ Διονυσόδωρος ὁμώνυμος τῷ Μηλίῳ γεωμέτρῃ, γραμματικὸς δὲ Τυραννίων οὗ ἡμεῖς ἠκροασάμεθα.
Next to Themiscyra is Sidene, a fertile plain, but not watered in the same manner by rivers as Themiscyra. It has strongholds on the sea-coast, as Side, from which Sidene has its name, Chabaca and Phabda (Phauda). Amisene extends as far as this place.
Among the natives of Amisus distinguished for their learning were the mathematicians Demetrius, the son of Rathenus, and Dionysodorus, of the same name as the Ionian (Milesian?) geometrician, and Tyrannion the grammarian, whose lessons I attended.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν Σιδήνην ἡ Φαρνακία ἐστὶν ἐρυμνὸν πόλισμα, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἡ Τραπεζοῦς πόλις Ἑλληνίς, εἰς ἣν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀμισοῦ περὶ δισχιλίους καὶ διακοσίους σταδίους ἐστὶν ὁ πλοῦς· εἶτʼ ἔνθεν εἰς Φᾶσιν χίλιοί που καὶ τετρακόσιοι, ὥστε οἱ σύμπαντες ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἱεροῦ μέχρι Φάσιδος περὶ ὀκτακισχιλίους σταδίους εἰσὶν ἢ μικρῷ πλείους ἢ ἐλάττους. ἐν δὲ τῇ παραλίᾳ ταύτῃ ἀπὸ Ἀμισοῦ πλέουσιν ἡ Ἡράκλειος ἄκρα πρῶτον ἔστιν, εἶτʼ ἄλλη ἄκρα Ἰασόνιον καὶ ὁ Γενήτης, εἶτα Κοτύωρα πολίχνη ἐξ ἧς συνῳκίσθη ἡ Φαρνακία, εἶτʼ Ἰσχόπολις κατερηριμμένη, εἶτα κόλπος ἐν ᾧ Κερασοῦς τε καὶ Ἑρμώνασσα κατοικίαι μέτριαι, εἶτα τῆς Ἑρμωνάσσης πλησίον ἡ Τραπεζοῦς, εἶθʼ ἡ Κολχίς· ἐνταῦθα δέ που ἐστὶ καὶ Ζυγόπολίς τις λεγομένη κατοικία. περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς Κολχίδος εἴρηται καὶ τῆς ὑπερκειμένης παραλίας.
Next to Sidene is Pharnacia a small fortified city, and then follows Trapezus, a Greek city, to which from Amisus is a voyage of about 2200 stadia; thence to the Phasis about 1400 stadia, so that the sum total of stadia from the Hieron to the Phasis is about 8000 stadia, either more or less.
In sailing along this coast from Amisus we first come to the Heracleian promontory; then succeeds another promontory, Jasonium, and the Genetes; then Cytorus (Cotyorus) a small city, from which Pharnacia received a colony; then Ischopolis, which is in ruins. Next is a bay on which are situated Cerasus, and Hermonassa, small settlements. Near Hermonassa is Trapezus, then Colchis. Somewhere about this place is a settlement called Zygopolis.
I have already spoken of Colchis, and of the sea-coast beyond.
τῆς δὲ Τραπεζοῦντος ὑπέρκεινται καὶ τῆς Φαρνακίας Τιβαρανοί τε καὶ Χαλδαῖοι καὶ Σάννοι, οὓς πρότερον ἐκάλουν Μάκρωνας, καὶ ἡ μικρὰ Ἀρμενία· καὶ οἱ Ἀππαῗται δέ πως πλησιάζουσι τοῖς χωρίοις τούτοις οἱ πρότερον Κερκῖται. διήκει δὲ διὰ τούτων ὅ τε Σκυδίσης ὄρος τραχύτατον συνάπτον τοῖς Μοσχικοῖς ὄρεσι τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς Κολχίδος, οὗ τὰ ἄκρα κατέχουσιν οἱ Ἑπτακωμῆται, καὶ ὁ Παρυάδρης ὁ μέχρι τῆς μικρᾶς Ἀρμενίας ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ Σιδήνην καὶ Θεμίσκυραν τόπων διατείνων καὶ ποιῶν τὸ ἑωθινὸν τοῦ Πόντου πλευρόν. εἰσὶ δʼ ἅπαντες μὲν οἱ ὄρειοι τούτων ἄγριοι τελέως, ὑπερβέβληνται δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους οἱ Ἑπτακωμῆται· τινὲς δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ δένδρεσιν ἢ πυργίοις οἰκοῦσι, διὸ καὶ Μοσυνοίκους ἐκάλουν οἱ παλαιοί, τῶν πύργων μοσσύνων λεγομένων. ζῶσι δʼ ἀπὸ θηρείων σαρκῶν καὶ τῶν ἀκροδρύων, ἐπιτίθενται δὲ καὶ τοῖς ὁδοιποροῦσι καταπηδήσαντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἰκρίων. οἱ δὲ Ἑπτακωμῆται τρεῖς Πομπηίου σπείρας κατέκοψαν διεξιούσας τὴν ὀρεινήν, κεράσαντες κρατῆρας ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς τοῦ μαινομένου μέλιτος, ὃ φέρουσιν οἱ ἀκρεμόνες τῶν δένδρων· πιοῦσι γὰρ καὶ παρακόψασιν ἐπιθέμενοι ῥᾳδίως διεχειρίσαντο τοὺς ἀνθρώπους. ἐκαλοῦντο δὲ τούτων τινὲς τῶν βαρβάρων καὶ Βύζηρες.
Above Trapezus and Pharnacia are situated Tibareni, Chaldaei, Sanni, (who were formerly called Macrones,) and the Lesser Armenia. The Appaitae also, formerly called Cercitae, are not far from these places. Through the country belonging to these people stretches the Scydises, a very rugged mountain, contiguous to the Moschic mountains above Colchis. The heights of the Scydises are occupied by the Heptacometae. This country is likewise traversed by the Paryadres, which extends from the neighbourhood of Sidene and Themiscyra to the Lesser Armenia, and forms the eastern side of the Pontus. All the inhabitants of these mountains are quite savage, but the Heptacometae are more so than all the others. Some of them live among trees, or in small towers, whence the ancients called them Mosynceci, because the towers were called mosȳnes. Their food consists of the flesh of wild animals and the fruits of trees. They attack travellers, leaping down from the floors of their dwellings among the trees. The Heptacometae cut off three of Pompey’s cohorts, as they were passing through the mountains, by placing on their road vessels filled with maddening honey, which is procured from the branches of trees. The men who had tasted the honey and lost their senses were attacked and easily despatched. Some of these barbarians were called Byzeres.
οἱ δὲ νῦν Χαλδαῖοι Χάλυβες τὸ παλαιὸν ὠνομάζοντο, καθʼ οὓς μάλιστα ἡ Φαρνακία ἵδρυται, κατὰ θάλατταν μὲν ἔχουσα εὐφυΐαν τὴν ἐκ τῆς πηλαμυδείας (πρώτιστα γὰρ ἁλίσκεται ἐνταῦθα τὸ ὄψον τοῦτο), ἐκ δὲ τῆς γῆς τὰ μέταλλα νῦν μὲν σιδήρου πρότερον δὲ καὶ ἀργύρου. ὅλως δὲ κατὰ τοὺς τόπους τούτους ἡ παραλία στενὴ τελέως ἐστίν· ὑπέρκειται γὰρ εὐθὺς τὰ ὄρη μετάλλων πλήρη καὶ δρυμῶν, γεωργεῖται δʼ οὐ πολλά· λείπεται δὴ τοῖς μὲν μεταλλευταῖς ἐκ τῶν μετάλλων ὁ βίος, τοῖς δὲ θαλαττουργοῖς ἐκ τῆς ἁλιείας καὶ μάλιστα τῶν πηλαμύδων καὶ τῶν δελφίνων· ἐπακολουθοῦντες γὰρ ταῖς ἀγέλαις τῶν ἰχθύων, κορδύλης τε καὶ θύννης καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς πηλαμύδος, πιαίνονταί τε καὶ εὐάλωτοι γίνονται διὰ τὸ πλησιάζειν τῇ γῇ προαλέστερον· δελεαζομένους μόνοι οὗτοι κατακόπτουσι τοὺς δελφῖνας καὶ τῷ στέατι πολλῷ χρῶνται πρὸς ἅπαντα.
The present Chaldaei were anciently called Chalybes. It is in their territory chiefly that Pharnacia is situated. On the sea-coast it has natural advantages for the capture of the pelamydes. For this fish is first caught at this place. On the mainland there are at present mines of iron; formerly there were also mines of silver. The sea-shore along all these places is very narrow, for directly above it are hills, which abound with mines and forests; much, however, of the country is not cultivated. The miners derive their subsistence from the mines, and the fishermen from the fisheries, especially from the capture of pelamydes and dolphins. The dolphins pursue shoals of fish, the cordyla, the tunny, and even the pelamys; they grow fat on them, and as they approach the land incautiously, are easily taken. They are caught with a bait and then cut into pieces; large quantities of the fat are used for all purposes.
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