ἡ μὲν οὖν Ἡράκλεια πόλις ἐστὶν εὐλίμενος καὶ ἄλλως ἀξιόλογος, ἥ γε καὶ ἀποικίας ἔστελλεν· ἐκείνης γὰρ ἥ τε Χερρόνησος ἄποικος καὶ ἡ Κάλλατις· ἦν τε αὐτόνομος, εἶτʼ ἐτυραννήθη χρόνους τινάς, εἶτʼ ἠλευθέρωσεν ἑαυτὴν πάλιν· ὕστερον δʼ ἐβασιλεύθη γενομένη ὑπὸ τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις· ἐδέξατο δʼ ἀποικίαν Ῥωμαίων ἐπὶ μέρει τῆς πόλεως καὶ τῆς χώρας. λαβὼν δὲ παρʼ Ἀντωνίου τὸ μέρος τοῦτο τῆς πόλεως Ἀδιατόριξ ὁ Δομνεκλείου τετράρχου Γαλατῶν υἱός, ὃ κατεῖχον οἱ Ἡρακλειῶται, μικρὸν πρὸ τῶν Ἀκτιακῶν ἐπέθετο νύκτωρ τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις καὶ ἀπέσφαξεν αὐτούς, ἐπιτρέψαντος, ὡς ἔφασκεν ἐκεῖνος, Ἀντωνίου· θριαμβευθεὶς δὲ μετὰ τὴν ἐν Ἀκτίῳ νίκην ἐσφάγη μεθʼ υἱοῦ· ἡ δὲ πόλις ἐστὶ τῆς Ποντικῆς ἐπαρχίας τῆς συντεταγμένης τῇ Βιθυνίᾳ.
Heracleia is a city with a good harbour, and of importance in other respects. It has sent out colonies, among which are the Cherronesus, and the Callatis. It was once independent, afterwards for some time it was under the power of tyrants; it again recovered its freedom; but at last, when subject to the Romans, it was governed by kings. It received a colony of Romans, which was settled in a portion of the city, and of its territory. A little before the battle of Actium, Adiatorix, the son of Domnecleius the tetrarch of Galatia, who had received from Antony that portion of the city of which the Heracleiotae were in possession, attacked the Romans by night, and put them to death by the command, as he said, of Antony; but after the victory at Actium, he was led in triumph, and put to death together with his son. The city belongs to the province of Pontus, which was annexed to Bithynia.
μεταξὺ δὲ Χαλκηδόνος καὶ Ἡρακλείας ῥέουσι ποταμοὶ πλείους, ὧν εἰσιν ὅ τε Ψίλλις καὶ ὁ Κάλπας καὶ ὁ Σαγγάριος οὗ μέμνηται καὶ ὁ ποιητής. ἔχει δὲ τὰς πηγὰς κατὰ Σαγγίαν κώμην ἀφʼ ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντά που σταδίων οὗτος Πεσσινοῦντος· διέξεισι δὲ τῆς ἐπικτήτου Φρυγίας τὴν πλείω, μέρος δέ τι καὶ τῆς Βιθυνίας ὥστε καὶ τῆς Νικομηδείας ἀπέχειν μικρὸν πλείους ἢ τριακοσίους σταδίους, καθʼ ὃ συμβάλλει ποταμὸς αὐτῷ Γάλλος ἐκ Μόδρων τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχων τῆς ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντῳ Φρυγίας. αὕτη δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ αὐτὴ τῇ ἐπικτήτῳ, καὶ εἶχον αὐτὴν οἱ Βιθυνοὶ πρότερον. αὐξηθεὶς δὲ καὶ γενόμενος πλωτός, καίπερ πάλαι ἄπλωτος ὤν, τὴν Βιθυνίαν ὁρίζει πρὸς ταῖς ἐκβολαῖς. πρόκειται δὲ τῆς παραλίας ταύτης καὶ ἡ Θυνία νῆσος. ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἡρακλειώτιδι γίνεται τὸ ἀκόνιτον· διέχει δὲ ἡ πόλις αὕτη τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Χαλκηδονίου σταδίους χιλίους που καὶ πεντακοσίους, τοῦ δὲ Σαγγαρίου πεντακοσίους.
Between Chalcedon and Heracleia are several rivers, as the Psillis, the Calpas, and the Sangarius, of which last the poet makes mention. It has its source at the village Sangias, at the distance of 150 stadia from Pessinus. It flows through the greater part of Phrygia Epictetus, and a part also of Bithynia, so that it is distant from Nicomedia a little more than 300 stadia, where the river Gallus unites with it. The latter river has its source at Modra in Phrygia on the Hellespont, which is the same country as the Epictetus, and was formerly occupied by the Bithynians.
The Sangarius thus increased in bulk, and navigable, although not so formerly, is the boundary of Bithynia at the part of the coast where it discharges itself. In front of this coast is the island Thynia.
In the territory of Heracleia grows the aconite.
This city is distant from the temple at Chalcedon about 1500, and from the Sangarius 500, stadia.
τὸ δὲ Τίειόν ἐστι πολίχνιον οὐδὲν ἔχον μνήμης ἄξιον πλὴν ὅτι Φιλέταιρος ἐντεῦθεν ἦν, ὁ ἀρχηγέτης τοῦ τῶν Ἀτταλικῶν βασιλέων γένους· εἶθʼ ὁ Παρθένιος ποταμὸς διὰ χωρίων ἀνθηρῶν φερόμενος καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τοῦ ὀνόματος τούτου τετυχηκώς, ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ Παφλαγονίᾳ τὰς πηγὰς ἔχων· ἔπειτα ἡ Παφλαγονία καὶ οἱ Ἐνετοί. ζητοῦσι δὲ τίνας λέγει τοὺς Ἐνετοὺς ὁ ποιητὴς ὅταν φῇ Παφλαγόνων δʼ ἡγεῖτο Πυλαιμένεος λάσιον κῆρ / ἐξ Ἐνετῶν, ὅθεν ἡμιόνων γένος ἀγροτεράων. / οὐ γὰρ δείκνυσθαί φασι νῦν Ἐνετοὺς ἐν τῇ Παφλαγονίᾳ· οἱ δὲ κώμην ἐν τῷ Αἰγιαλῷ φασι δέκα σχοίνους ἀπὸ Ἀμάστρεως διέχουσαν. Ζηνόδοτος δὲ ἐξ Ἐνετῆς γράφει, καὶ φησὶ δηλοῦσθαι τὴν νῦν Ἀμισόν· ἄλλοι δὲ φῦλόν τι τοῖς Καππάδοξιν ὅμορον στρατεῦσαι μετὰ Κιμμερίων, εἶτʼ ἐκπεσεῖν εἰς τὸν Ἀδρίαν. τὸ δὲ μάλισθʼ ὁμολογούμενόν ἐστιν ὅτι ἀξιολογώτατον ἦν τῶν Παφλαγόνων φῦλον οἱ Ἐνετοί, ἐξ οὗ ὁ Πυλαιμένης ἦν· καὶ δὴ καὶ συνεστράτευσαν οὗτοι αὐτῷ πλεῖστοι, ἀποβαλόντες δὲ τὸν ἡγεμόνα διέβησαν εἰς τὴν Θρᾴκην μετὰ τὴν Τροίας ἅλωσιν, πλανώμενοι δʼ εἰς τὴν νῦν Ἐνετικὴν ἀφίκοντο. τινὲς δὲ καὶ Ἀντήνορα καὶ τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ κοινωνῆσαι τοῦ στόλου τούτου φασὶ καὶ ἱδρυθῆναι κατὰ τὸν μυχὸν τοῦ Ἀδρίου, καθάπερ ἐμνήσθημεν ἐν τοῖς Ἰταλικοῖς. τοὺς μὲν οὖν Ἐνετοὺς διὰ τοῦτʼ ἐκλιπεῖν εἰκὸς καὶ μὴ δείκνυσθαι ἐν τῇ Παφλαγονίᾳ.
Tieium is now a small town and has nothing remarkable belonging to it, except that it was the birth-place of Philetaerus, the founder of the family of the Attalic kings.
Next is the river Parthenius, flowing through a country abounding with flowers; from these it obtained its name. Its source is in Paphlagonia. Then succeeded Paphlagonia, and the Heneti. It is a question what Heneti the poet means, when he says, the brave Pylaemenes led the Paphlagonians out of the country of the Heneti, where they have a race of wild mules; for at present, they say, no Heneti are to be found in Paphlagonia. Others say that it is a village on the shore distant ten schoeni from Amastris. But Zenodotus writes the verse in this manner, From Heneta, and says that it means the present Amisus. According to others it was a tribe bordering upon the Cappadocians, which engaged in an expedition with the Cimmerians, and were afterwards driven away into Adria. But the account most generally received is, that the Heneti were the most considerable tribe of the Paphlagonians; that Pylaemenes was descended from it; that a large body of this people accompanied him to the Trojan war; that when they had lost their leader they passed over to Thrace upon the capture of Troy; and in the course of their wanderings arrived at the present Henetic territory.
Some writers say that both Antenor and his sons participated in this expedition, and settled at the inner recess of the gulf of Adria, as we have said in the description of Italy. It is probable that this was the cause of the extinction of the Heneti, and that they were no longer to be found in Paphlagonia.
τοὺς δὲ Παφλαγόνας πρὸς ἕω μὲν ὁρίζει ὁ Ἅλυς ποταμός ῥέων ἀπὸ μεσημβρίης μεταξὺ Σύρων τε καὶ Παφλαγόνων ἐξίει κατὰ τὸν Ἡρόδοτον ἐς τὸν Εὔξεινον καλεόμενον πόντον, Σύρους λέγοντα τοὺς Καππάδοκας· καὶ γὰρ ἔτι καὶ νῦν Λευκόσυροι καλοῦνται, Σύρων καὶ τῶν ἔξω τοῦ Ταύρου λεγομένων· κατὰ δὲ τὴν πρὸς τοὺς ἐντὸς τοῦ Ταύρου σύγκρισιν, ἐκείνων ἐπικεκαυμένων τὴν χρόαν τούτων δὲ μή, τοιαύτην τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν γενέσθαι συνέβη· καὶ Πίνδαρός φησιν ὅτι αἱ Ἀμαζόνες Σύριον εὐρυαίχμαν δίεπον στρατόν, / τὴν ἐν τῇ Θεμισκύρᾳ κατοικίαν οὕτω δηλῶν. ἡ δὲ Θεμίσκυρά ἐστιν τῶν Ἀμισηνῶν, αὕτη δὲ Λευκοσύρων τῶν μετὰ τὸν Ἅλυν. πρὸς ἕω μὲν τοίνυν ὁ Ἅλυς ὅριον τῶν Παφλαγόνων, πρὸς νότον δὲ Φρύγες καὶ οἱ ἐποικήσαντες Γαλάται, πρὸς δύσιν δὲ Βιθυνοὶ καὶ Μαριανδυνοί (τὸ γὰρ τῶν Καυκώνων γένος ἐξέφθαρται τελέως πάντοθεν), πρὸς ἄρκτον δὲ ὁ Εὔξεινος ἔστι. τῆς δὲ χώρας ταύτης διῃρημένης εἴς τε τὴν μεσόγαιαν καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ διατείνουσαν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἅλυος μέχρι Βιθυνίας, ἑκατέραν τὴν μὲν παραλίαν ἕως τῆς Ἡρακλείας εἶχεν ὁ Εὐπάτωρ, τῆς δὲ μεσογαίας τὴν μὲν ἐγγυτάτω ἔσχεν, ἧς τινα καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἅλυος διέτεινε (καὶ μέχρι δεῦρο τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ἡ Ποντικὴ ἐπαρχία ἀφώρισται), τὰ λοιπὰ δʼ ἦν ὑπὸ δυνάσταις καὶ μετὰ τὴν Μιθριδάτου κατάλυσιν. περὶ μὲν δὴ τῶν ἐν τῇ μεσογαίᾳ Παφλαγόνων ἐροῦμεν ὕστερον τῶν μὴ ὑπὸ τῷ Μιθριδάτῃ, νῦν δὲ πρόκειται τὴν ὑπʼ ἐκείνῳ χώραν, κληθεῖσαν δὲ Πόντον, διελθεῖν.
The boundary of the Paphlagonians to the east is the river Halys, which flows from the south between the Syrians and the Paphlagonians; and according to Herodotus, (who means Cappadocians, when he is speaking of Syrians,) discharges itself into the Euxine Sea. Even at present they are called Leuco-Syrians, (or White Syrians,) while those without the Taurus are called Syrians. In comparison with the people within the Taurus, the latter have a burnt complexion; but the former, not having it, received the appellation of Leuco-Syrians (or White Syrians). Pindar says that the Amazons commanded a Syrian band, armed with spears with broad iron heads; thus designating the people that lived at Themiscyra. Themiscyra belongs to the Amiseni, and the district of the Amiseni to the Leuco-Syrians settled beyond the Halys.
The river Halys forms the boundary of the Paphlagonians to the east; Phrygians and the Galatians settled among that people, on the south; and on the west Bithynians and Mariandyni (for the race of the Caucones has everywhere entirely disappeared); on the north the Euxine. This country is divided into two parts, the inland, and the maritime, extending from the Halys as far as Bithynia. Mithridates Eupator possessed the maritime part as far as Heracleia, and of the inland country he had the district nearest to Heracleia, some parts of which extended even beyond the Halys. These are also the limits of the Roman province of Pontus. The remainder was subject to chiefs, even after the overthrow of Mithridates.
We shall afterwards speak of those Paphlagonians in the inland parts, who were not subject to Mithridates; we propose at present to describe the country which he governed, called Pontus.
μετὰ δὴ τὸν Παρθένιον ποταμὸν ἔστιν Ἄμαστρις ὁμώνυμος τῆς συνῳκικυίας πόλις· ἵδρυται δʼ ἐπὶ χερρονήσου λιμένας ἔχουσα τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ ἑκατέρωθεν· ἦν δʼ ἡ Ἄμαστρις γυνὴ μὲν Διονυσίου τοῦ Ἡρακλείας τυράννου, θυγάτηρ δὲ Ὀξυάθρου τοῦ Δαρείου ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ κατὰ Ἀλέξανδρον. ἐκείνη μὲν οὖν ἐκ τεττάρων κατοικιῶν συνῴκισε τὴν πόλιν, ἔκ τε Σησάμου καὶ Κυτώρου καὶ Κρώμνης (ὧν καὶ Ὅμηρος μέμνηται ἐν τῷ Παφλαγονικῷ διακόσμῳ), τετάρτης δὲ τῆς Τίου· ἀλλʼ αὕτη μὲν ταχὺ ἀπέστη τῆς κοινωνίας, αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι συνέμειναν, ὧν ἡ Σήσαμος ἀκρόπολις τῆς Ἀμάστρεως λέγεται. τὸ δὲ Κύτωρον ἐμπόριον ἦν ποτε Σινωπέων, ὠνόμασται δʼ ἀπὸ Κυτώρου τοῦ Φρίξου παιδός, ὡς Ἔφορός φησι. πλείστη δὲ καὶ ἀρίστη πύξος φύεται κατὰ τὴν Ἀμαστριανήν, καὶ μάλιστα περὶ τὸ Κύτωρον. ὁ δὲ Αἰγιαλὸς ἔστι μὲν ᾐὼν μακρὰ πλειόνων ἢ ἑκατὸν σταδίων, ἔχει δὲ καὶ κώμην ὁμώνυμον, ἧς μέμνηται ὁ ποιητὴς ὅταν φῇ Κρῶμνάν τʼ Αἰγιαλόν τε καὶ ὑψηλοὺς Ἐρυθίνους. / γράφουσι δέ τινες Κρῶμναν Κωβίαλόν τε. / Ἐρυθίνους δὲ λέγεσθαί φασι τοὺς νῦν Ἐρυθρίνους ἀπὸ τῆς χρόας· δύο δʼ εἰσὶ σκόπελοι. μετὰ δὲ Αἰγιαλὸν Κάραμβις, ἄκρα μεγάλη πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους ἀνατεταμένη καὶ τὴν Σκυθικὴν χερρόνησον. ἐμνήσθημεν δʼ αὐτῆς πολλάκις καὶ τοῦ ἀντικειμένου αὐτῇ Κριοῦ μετώπου, διθάλαττον ποιοῦντος τὸν Εὔξεινον πόντον. μετὰ δὲ Κάραμβιν Κίνωλις καὶ Ἀντικίνωλις καὶ Ἀβώνου τεῖχος πολίχνιον, καὶ Ἀρμένη ἐφʼ ᾗ παροιμιάζονται / ὅστις ἔργον οὐδὲν εἶχεν Ἀρμένην ἐτείχισεν. / ἔστι δὲ κώμη τῶν Σινωπέων ἔχουσα λιμένα.
After the river Parthenius is Amastris, bearing the same name as the princess by whom it was founded. It is situated upon a peninsula, with harbours on each side of the isthmus. Amastris was the wife of Dionysius, the tyrant of Heracleia, and daughter of Oxyathres, the brother of the Darius who fought against Alexander. She formed the settlement out of four cities, Sesamus, Cytorum, Cromna, (mentioned by Homer in his recital of the Paphlagonian forces,) and Tieium, which city however soon separated from the others, but the rest continued united. Of these, Sesamus is called the citadel of Amastris. Cytorum was formerly a mart of the people of Sinope. It had its name from Cytorus, the son of Phrixus, according to Ephorus. Box-wood of the best quality grows in great abundance in the territory of Amastris, and particularly about Cytorum.
Aegialus is a line of sea-coast, in length more than 100 stadia. On it is a village of the same name, which the poet mentions in these lines, Cromna, and Aegialus, and the lofty Erythini; / but some authors write, Cromna and Cobialus. / The Erythini are said to be the present Erythrini, and to have their name from their (red) colour. They are two rocks.
Next to Aegialus is Carambis, a large promontory stretching towards the north, and the Scythian Chersonesus. We have frequently mentioned this promontory, and the Criu-metopon opposite it, which divides the Euxine into two seas.
Next to Carambis is Cinolis, and Anti-Cinolis, and Aboniteichos, a small city, and Armene, which gave rise to the common proverb; He who had nothing to do built a wall about Armene. / It is a village of the Sinopenses, with a harbour.
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