πρὸς νότον τοίνυν εἰσὶ τοῖς Παφλαγόσι Γαλάται· τούτων δʼ ἐστὶν ἔθνη τρία, δύο μὲν τῶν ἡγεμόνων ἐπώνυμα, Τροκμοὶ καὶ Τολιστοβώγιοι, τὸ τρίτον δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐν Κελτικῇ ἔθνους Τεκτόσαγες. κατέσχον δὲ τὴν χώραν ταύτην οἱ Γαλάται πλανηθέντες πολὺν χρόνον καὶ καταδραμόντες τὴν ὑπὸ τοῖς Ἀτταλικοῖς βασιλεῦσι χώραν καὶ τοῖς Βιθυνοῖς, ἕως παρʼ ἑκόντων ἔλαβον τὴν νῦν Γαλατίαν καὶ Γαλλογραικίαν λεγομένην. ἀρχηγὸς δὲ δοκεῖ μάλιστα τῆς περαιώσεως τῆς εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν γενέσθαι Λεοννόριος. τριῶν δὲ ὄντων ἐθνῶν ὁμογλώττων καὶ κατʼ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἐξηλλαγμένων, ἕκαστον διελόντες εἰς τέτταρας μερίδας τετραρχίαν ἑκάστην ἐκάλεσαν, τετράρχην ἔχουσαν ἴδιον καὶ δικαστὴν ἕνα καὶ στρατοφύλακα ἕνα ὑπὸ τῷ τετράρχῃ τεταγμένους, ὑποστρατοφύλακας δὲ δύο. ἡ δὲ τῶν δώδεκα τετραρχῶν βουλὴ ἄνδρες ἦσαν τριακόσιοι, συνήγοντο δὲ εἰς τὸν καλούμενον Δρυνέμετον. τὰ μὲν οὖν φονικὰ ἡ βουλὴ ἔκρινε, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα οἱ τετράρχαι καὶ οἱ δικασταί. πάλαι μὲν οὖν ἦν τοιαύτη τις ἡ διάταξις, καθʼ ἡμᾶς δὲ εἰς τρεῖς, εἶτʼ εἰς δύο ἡγεμόνας, εἶτα εἰς ἕνα ἧκεν ἡ δυναστεία, εἰς Δηιόταρον, εἶτα ἐκεῖνον διεδέξατο Ἀμύντας· νῦν δʼ ἔχουσι Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ ταύτην καὶ τὴν ὑπὸ τῷ Ἀμύντᾳ γενομένην πᾶσαν εἰς μίαν συναγαγόντες ἐπαρχίαν.
To the south of the Paphlagonians are the Galatians, of whom there are three tribes; two of them, the Trocmi and the Tolistobogii, have their names from their chiefs; the third, the Tectosages, from the tribe of that name in Celtica. The Galatians took possession of this country after wandering about for a long period, and overrunning the country subject to the Attalic and the Bithynian kings, until they received by a voluntary cession the present Galatia, or Gallo-Graecia, as it is called. Leonnorius seems to have been the chief leader of these people when they passed over into Asia. There were three nations that spoke the same language, and in no respect differed from one another. Each of them was divided into four portions called tetrarchies, and had its own tetrarch, its own judge, and one superintendent of the army, all of whom were under the control of the tetrarch, and two subordinate superintendents of the army. The Council of the twelve Tetrarchs consisted of three hundred persons, who assembled at a place called the Drynemetum. The council determined causes relative to murder, the others were decided by the tetrarchs and the judges. Such, anciently, was the political constitution of Galatia; but, in our time, the government was in the hands of three chiefs, then of two, and at last it was administered by Deiotarus, who was succeeded by Amyntas. At present, the Romans possess this as well as all the country which was subject to Amyntas, and have reduced it into one province.
ἔχουσι δὲ οἱ μὲν Τροκμοὶ τὰ πρὸς τῷ Πόντῳ καὶ τῇ Καππαδοκίᾳ· ταῦτα δʼ ἐστὶ τὰ κράτιστα ὧν νέμονται Γαλάται· φρούρια δʼ αὐτοῖς τετείχισται τρία, Τάουιον, ἐμπόριον τῶν ταύτῃ, ὅπου ὁ τοῦ Διὸς κολοσσὸς χαλκοῦς καὶ τέμενος αὐτοῦ ἄσυλον, καὶ Μιθριδάτιον, ὃ ἔδωκε Πομπήιος Βογοδιατάρῳ τῆς Ποντικῆς βασιλείας ἀφορίσας, τρίτον δέ πω Δανάλα, ὅπου τὸν σύλλογον ἐποιήσαντο Πομπήιός τε καὶ Λεύκολλος, ὁ μὲν ἥκων ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ πολέμου διαδοχὴν ὁ δὲ παραδιδοὺς τὴν ἐξουσίαν καὶ ἀπαίρων ἐπὶ τὸν θρίαμβον. Τροκμοὶ μὲν δὴ ταῦτʼ ἔχουσι τὰ μέρη, Τεκτόσαγες δὲ τὰ πρὸς τῇ μεγάλῃ Φρυγίᾳ τῇ κατὰ Πεσσινοῦντα καὶ Ὀρκαόρκους· τούτων δʼ ἦν φρούριον Ἄγκυρα ὁμώνυμος τῇ πρὸς Λυδίᾳ περὶ Βλαῦδον πολίχνῃ Φρυγιακῇ. Τολιστοβώγιοι δὲ ὅμοροι Βιθυνοῖς εἰσι καὶ τῇ Ἐπικτήτῳ καλουμένῃ Φρυγίᾳ· φρούρια δʼ αὐτῶν ἐστι τό τε Βλούκιον καὶ τὸ Πήιον, ὧν τὸ μὲν ἦν βασίλειον Δηιοτάρου, τὸ δὲ γαζοφυλάκιον.
The Trocmi occupy the parts near Pontus and Cappadocia, which are the best which the Galatians possess. They have three walled fortresses, Tavium, a mart for the people in that quarter, where there is a colossal statue of Jupiter in brass, and a grove, which is used as a place of refuge; Mithridatium, which Pompey gave to Bogodiatarus, (Deïotarus?) having separated it from the kingdom of Pontus; and thirdly, Danala, where Pompey, when he was about to leave the country to celebrate his triumph, met Lucullus and delivered over to him as his successor the command of the war.
This is the country which the Trocmi possess.
The Tectosages occupy the parts towards the greater Phrygia near Pessinus, and the Orcaorci. They had the fortress Ancyra, of the same name as the small Phrygian city towards Lydia near Blaudus. The Tolistobogii border upon the Bithynians, and Phrygia Epictetus, as it is called. They possess the fortresses Blucium, (Luceium,) which was the royal seat of Deiotarus, and Peium, which was his treasure-hold.
Πεσσινοῦς δʼ ἐστὶν ἐμπόριον τῶν ταύτῃ μέγιστον, ἱερὸν ἔχον τῆς μητρὸς τῶν θεῶν σεβασμοῦ μεγάλου τυγχάνον· καλοῦσι δʼ αὐτὴν Ἄγδιστιν. οἱ δʼ ἱερεῖς τὸ παλαιὸν μὲν δυνάσται τινὲς ἦσαν, ἱερωσύνην καρπούμενοι μεγάλην, νυνὶ δὲ τούτων μὲν αἱ τιμαὶ πολὺ μεμείωνται, τὸ δὲ ἐμπόριον συμμένει· κατεσκεύασται δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀτταλικῶν βασιλέων ἱεροπρεπῶς τὸ τέμενος ναῷ τε καὶ στοαῖς λευκολίθοις· ἐπιφανὲς δʼ ἐποίησαν Ῥωμαῖοι τὸ ἱερόν, ἀφίδρυμα ἐνθένδε τῆς θεοῦ μεταπεμψάμενοι κατὰ τοὺς τῆς Σιβύλλης χρησμούς, καθάπερ καὶ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὄρος ὑπερκείμενον τῆς πόλεως τὸ Δίνδυμον, ἀφʼ οὗ ἡ Δινδυμηνή, καθάπερ ἀπὸ τῶν Κυβέλων ἡ Κυβέλη. πλησίον δὲ καὶ ὁ Σαγγάριος ποταμὸς ποιεῖται τὴν ῥύσιν· ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ τὰ παλαιὰ τῶν Φρυγῶν οἰκητήρια Μίδου καὶ ἔτι πρότερον Γορδίου καὶ ἄλλων τινῶν, οὐδʼ ἴχνη σώζοντα πόλεων, ἀλλὰ κῶμαι μικρῷ μείζους τῶν ἄλλων, οἷόν ἐστι τὸ Γόρδιον καὶ Γορβεοῦς, τὸ τοῦ Κάστορος βασίλειον τοῦ Σαωκονδάρου, ἐν ᾧ γαμβρὸν ὄντα τοῦτον ἀπέσφαξε Δηιόταρος καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ· τὸ δὲ φρούριον κατέσπασε καὶ διελυμήνατο τὸ πλεῖστον τῆς κατοικίας.
Pessinus is the largest mart of any in that quarter. It contains a temple of the Mother of the Gods, held in the highest veneration. The goddess is called Agdistis. The priests anciently were a sort of sovereigns, and derived a large revenue from their office. At present their consequence is much diminished, but the mart still subsists. The sacred enclosure was adorned with fitting magnificence by the Attalic kings, with a temple, and porticos of marble. The Romans gave importance to the temple by sending for the statue of the goddess from thence according to the oracle of the Sibyl, as they had sent for that of Asclepius from Epidaurus.
The mountain Dindymus is situated above the city; from Dindymus comes Dindymene, as from Cybela, Cybele. Near it runs the river Sangarius, and on its banks are the ancient dwellings of the Phrygians, of Midas, and of Gordius before his time, and of some others, which do not preserve the vestiges of cities, but are villages a little larger than the rest. Such is Gordium, and Gorbeus (Gordeus), the royal seat of Castor, son of Saocondarius, (Saocondarus?) in which he was put to death by his father-in-law, Deiotarus, who there also murdered his own daughter. Deiotarus razed the fortress, and destroyed the greater part of the settlement.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν Γαλατίαν πρὸς νότον ἥ τε λίμνη ἐστὶν ἡ Τάττα, παρακειμένη τῇ μεγάλῃ Καππαδοκίᾳ τῇ κατὰ τοὺς Μοριμηνούς, μέρος δʼ οὖσα τῆς μεγάλης Φρυγίας, καὶ ἡ συνεχὴς ταύτῃ μέχρι τοῦ Ταύρου, ἧς τὴν πλείστην Ἀμύντας εἶχεν. ἡ μὲν οὖν Τάττα ἁλοπήγιόν ἐστιν αὐτοφυές, οὕτω δὲ περιπήττεται ῥᾳδίως τὸ ὕδωρ παντὶ τῷ βαπτισθέντι εἰς αὐτὸ ὥστε στεφάνους ἁλῶν ἀνέλκουσιν, ἐπειδὰν καθῶσι κύκλον σχοίνινον, τά τε ὄρνεα ἁλίσκεται τὰ προσαψάμενα τῷ πτερώματι τοῦ ὕδατος παραχρῆμα πίπτοντα διὰ τὴν περίπηξιν τῶν ἁλῶν.
Next to Galatia towards the south is the lake Tatta, lying parallel to that part of the Greater Cappadocia which is near the Morimeni. It belongs to the Greater Phrygia, as well as the country continuous with this, and extending as far as the Taurus, and of which Amyntas possessed the greatest part. Tatta is a natural salt-pan. The water so readily makes a deposit around everything immersed in it, that upon letting down wreaths formed of rope, chaplets of salt are drawn up. If birds touch the surface of the water with their wings, they immediately fall down in consequence of the concretion of the salt upon them, and are thus taken.
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