Sophocles · Oedipus at Colonus Οἰδίπους ἐπὶ Κολωνῷ

Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 939–1013: Third episode (cont.): Creon's defence and Oedipus' reply

Creon says that he did not think Athens empty of men, but that he trusted the Areopagus not to receive a parricide and a man in an unholy marriage, and that he acted only because Oedipus had cursed him. Oedipus answers that his deeds were done unknowingly, that he could not be blamed for what an oracle decreed before his birth, and that Creon shamelessly speaks of a marriage with Creon's own sister. He calls on the goddesses of the land to help him against Creon.

Lines 939–1013 · 764 words · click a number to copy its link

Creon

939ἐγὼ οὔτʼ ἄνανδρον τήνδε τὴν πόλιν νέμων, 940ὦ τέκνον Αἰγέως, οὔτʼ ἄβουλον, ὡς σὺ φῄς, τοὔργον τόδʼ ἐξέπραξα, γιγνώσκων δʼ ὅτι οὐδείς ποτʼ αὐτοὺς τῶν ἐμῶν ἂν ἐμπέσοι ζῆλος ξυναίμων, ὥστʼ ἐμοῦ τρέφειν βίᾳ. ᾔδη δʼ ὁθούνεκʼ ἄνδρα καὶ πατροκτόνον 945κἄναγνον οὐ δεξοίατʼ, οὐδʼ ὅτῳ γάμοι ξυνόντες ηὑρέθησαν ἀνόσιοι τέκνων. τοιοῦτον αὐτοῖς Ἄρεος εὔβουλον πάγον ἐγὼ ξυνῄδη χθόνιον ὄνθʼ, ὃς οὐκ ἐᾷ τοιούσδʼ ἀλήτας τῇδʼ ὁμοῦ ναίειν πόλει· 950ᾧ πίστιν ἴσχων τήνδʼ ἐχειρούμην ἄγραν. καὶ ταῦτʼ ἂν οὐκ ἔπρασσον, εἰ μή μοι πικρὰς αὐτῷ τʼ ἀρὰς ἠρᾶτο καὶ τὠμῷ γένει· ἀνθʼ ὧν πεπονθὼς ἠξίουν τάδʼ ἀντιδρᾶν. θυμοῦ γὰρ οὐδὲν γῆράς ἐστιν ἄλλο πλὴν 955θανεῖν· θανόντων δʼ οὐδὲν ἄλγος ἅπτεται. πρὸς ταῦτα πράξεις οἷον ἂν θέλῃς· ἐπεὶ ἐρημία με, κεἰ δίκαιʼ, ὅμως λέγω, σμικρὸν τίθησι· πρὸς δὲ τὰς πράξεις ὅμως, καὶ τηλικόσδʼ ὤν, ἀντιδρᾶν πειράσομαι.

It is not because I thought this city void of men, son of Aegeus, or of counsel, as you say, that I have done this deed; but because I judged that its people could never be so zealous for my relatives as to support them against my will. And I knew that this people would not receive a parricide and a polluted man, a man whose unholy marriage—a marriage with children—had been found out. Such wisdom, I knew, was immemorial on the Areopagus, which does not allow such wanderers to dwell within this city. Trusting in that, I sought to take this prize. And I would not have done so, had he not been calling down bitter curses on me and on my race. As I was wronged in this way, I judged that I had a right to this requital. For anger knows no old age, until death comes; the dead alone feel no galling pain. In response to this, you will do what pleases you; for, though my case is just, the lack of aid makes me weak. Yet in the face of your actions, despite my age, I will endeavor to pay you back.

Oedipus

960ὦ λῆμʼ ἀναιδές, τοῦ καθυβρίζειν δοκεῖς, πότερον ἐμοῦ γέροντος ἢ σαυτοῦ, τόδε; ὅστις φόνους μοι καὶ γάμους καὶ συμφορὰς τοῦ σοῦ διῆκας στόματος, ἃς ἐγὼ τάλας ἤνεγκον ἄκων· θεοῖς γὰρ ἦν οὕτω φίλον, 965τάχʼ ἄν τι μηνίουσιν εἰς γένος πάλαι. ἐπεὶ καθʼ αὑτόν γʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐξεύροις ἐμοὶ ἁμαρτίας ὄνειδος οὐδέν, ἀνθʼ ὅτου τάδʼ εἰς ἐμαυτὸν τοὺς ἐμούς θʼ ἡμάρτανον. ἐπεὶ δίδαξον, εἴ τι θέσφατον πατρὶ 970χρησμοῖσιν ἱκνεῖθʼ ὥστε πρὸς παίδων θανεῖν, πῶς ἂν δικαίως τοῦτʼ ὀνειδίζοις ἐμοί, ὃς οὔτε βλάστας πω γενεθλίους πατρός, οὐ μητρὸς εἶχον, ἀλλʼ ἀγέννητος τότʼ ἦ; εἰ δʼ αὖ φανεὶς δύστηνος, ὡς ἐγὼ ʼφάνην, 975ἐς χεῖρας ἦλθον πατρὶ καὶ κατέκτανον, μηδὲν ξυνιεὶς ὧν ἔδρων εἰς οὕς τʼ ἔδρων, πῶς ἂν τό γʼ ἆκον πρᾶγμʼ ἂν εἰκότως ψέγοις; μητρὸς δέ, τλῆμον, οὐκ ἐπαισχύνει γάμους οὔσης ὁμαίμου σῆς μʼ ἀναγκάζων λέγειν, οἵους ἐρῶ τάχʼ· οὐ γὰρ οὖν σιγήσομαι, 980σοῦ γʼ εἰς τόδʼ ἐξελθόντος ἀνόσιον στόμα. ἔτικτε γάρ μʼ ἔτικτεν, ὤμοι μοι κακῶν, οὐκ εἰδότʼ οὐκ εἰδυῖα, καὶ τεκοῦσά με, αὑτῆς ὄνειδος παῖδας ἐξέφυσέ μοι. ἀλλʼ ἓν γὰρ οὖν ἔξοιδα, σὲ μὲν ἑκόντʼ ἐμὲ 985κείνην τε ταῦτα δυσστομεῖν· ἐγὼ δέ νιν ἄκων ἔγημα φθέγγομαί τʼ ἄκων τάδε. ἀλλʼ οὐ γὰρ οὔτʼ ἐν τοῖσδʼ ἁλώσομαι κακὸς γάμοισιν οὔθʼ οὓς αἰὲν ἐμφορεῖς σύ μοι 990φόνους πατρῴους ἐξονειδίζων πικρῶς. ἓν γάρ μʼ ἄμειψαι μοῦνον ὧν σʼ ἀνιστορῶ. εἴ τις σὲ τὸν δίκαιον αὐτίκʼ ἐνθάδε κτείνοι παραστάς, πότερα πυνθάνοιʼ ἂν εἰ πατήρ σʼ ὁ καίνων ἢ τίνοιʼ ἂν εὐθέως; 995δοκῶ μέν, εἴπερ ζῆν φιλεῖς, τὸν αἴτιον τίνοιʼ ἂν οὐδὲ τοὔνδικον περιβλέποις. τοιαῦτα μέντοι καὐτὸς εἰσέβην κακά, θεῶν ἀγόντων· οἷς ἐγὼ οὐδὲ τὴν πατρὸς ψυχὴν ἂν οἶμαι ζῶσαν ἀντειπεῖν ἐμοί. 1000σὺ δʼ, εἶ γὰρ οὐ δίκαιος, ἀλλʼ ἅπαν καλὸν λέγειν νομίζων ῥητὸν ἄρρητόν τʼ ἔπος, τοιαῦτʼ ὀνειδίζεις με τῶνδʼ ἐναντίον. καί σοι τὸ Θησέως ὄνομα θωπεῦσαι καλόν, καὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας, ὡς κατῴκηνται καλῶς· 1005κᾆθʼ ὧδʼ ἐπαινῶν πολλὰ τοῦδʼ ἐκλανθάνει, ὁθούνεκʼ εἴ τις γῆ θεοὺς ἐπίσταται τιμαῖς σεβίζειν, ἥδε τοῦθʼ ὑπερφέρει· ἀφʼ ἧς σὺ κλέψας τὸν ἱκέτην γέροντʼ ἐμὲ αὐτόν τʼ ἐχειροῦ τὰς κόρας τʼ οἴχει λαβών. 1010ἀνθʼ ὧν ἐγὼ νῦν τάσδε τὰς θεὰς ἐμοὶ καλῶν ἱκνοῦμαι καὶ κατασκήπτω λιταῖς ἐλθεῖν ἀρωγοὺς ξυμμάχους θʼ, ἵνʼ ἐκμάθῃς οἵων ὑπʼ ἀνδρῶν ἥδε φρουρεῖται πόλις.

Shameless arrogance, where do you think this outrage falls—on my old age, or on your own? Bloodshed, incest, misery—all this your tongue has launched against me, and all this I have borne in my wretchedness by no choice of mine. For this was dear to the gods, who were angry, perhaps, with my race from of old. Taking me alone, you could not find a reproach for any crime, in retribution for which I was driven to commit these sins against myself and against my kin. Tell me now: if, by the voice of an oracle, some divine doom was coming on my father, that he should die by a son’s hand, how could you justly reproach me with this, when I was then unborn, when no father had yet begotten me, no mother’s womb conceived me? But if, having been born to misery—as I was born—I came to blows with my father and slew him, ignorant of what I was doing and to whom, how could you reasonably blame the unwitting deed? And my mother—wretch, do you feel no shame in forcing me to speak of her marriage, when she was your sister, and when it was such as I will now tell? For I will not be silent, when you have gone so far in impious speech. Yes, she was my mother, yes—alas, for my miseries! I did not know it, nor did she, and to her shame she bore children to the son whom she had borne. But one thing, at least, I know: that you willingly revile her and me, but I did not willingly marry her, and I do not willingly speak now. No, I will not be called evil on account of this marriage, nor in the slaying of my father, which you charge me with again and again in bitter insult. Answer just one thing of those I ask. If, here and now, someone should come up and try to murder you—you, the just one—would you ask if the murderer was your father, or would you revenge yourself on him straightaway? I think that if your life is dear to you, you would requite the criminal, and not look around for a justification. Such then were the evils into which I came, led by the gods; and in this, I think, my father’s soul, could it come back to life, would not contradict me. But you are not just; you are one who considers it a fine thing to utter every sort of word, both those which are sanctioned and those which are forbidden—such are your taunts against me in the presence of these men. And to you it seems a fine thing to flatter the renowned Theseus, and Athens, saying how well it is governed. Yet while giving such generous praise, you forget that if any land knows how to worship the gods with honors, this land excels in that. It is from her that you had planned to steal me, a suppliant and an old man, and tried to seize me, having already carried off my daughters. Therefore I now call on the goddesses here, I supplicate them, I beseech them with prayers, to bring me help and to fight on my behalf, that you may learn well what kind of men this city is guarded by.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1889). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1912, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Oedipus at Colonus, Cambridge University Press, 1889 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.