Euripides · Phoenician Women Φοίνισσαι

Euripides, Phoenician Women 1584–1638: Exodos: Creon banishes Oedipus and forbids burial of Polyneices

Creon tells Oedipus that Eteocles made him ruler and that Teiresias has said that Oedipus must leave. Oedipus laments his fate and says that he will not beg. Creon orders that Polyneices be cast out unburied, on pain of death for anyone who buries him.

Lines 1584–1638 · 514 words · click a number to copy its link
Κρέων 1584οἴκτων μὲν ἤδη λήγεθʼ, ὡς ὥρα τάφου 1585μνήμην τίθεσθαι· τόνδε δʼ, Οἰδίπου, λόγον ἄκουσον· ἀρχὰς τῆσδε γῆς ἔδωκέ μοι Ἐτεοκλέης παῖς σός, γάμων φερνὰς διδοὺς Αἵμονι κόρης τε λέκτρον Ἀντιγόνης σέθεν. οὐκ οὖν σʼ ἐάσω τήνδε γῆν οἰκεῖν ἔτι· 1590σαφῶς γὰρ εἶπε Τειρεσίας οὐ μή ποτε σοῦ τήνδε γῆν οἰκοῦντος εὖ πράξειν πόλιν. ἀλλʼ ἐκκομίζου. καὶ τάδʼ οὐχ ὕβρει λέγω οὐδʼ ἐχθρὸς ὢν σός, διὰ δὲ τοὺς ἀλάστορας τοὺς σοὺς δεδοικὼς μή τι γῆ πάθῃ κακόν. Οἰδίπους 1595ὦ μοῖρʼ, ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ὥς μʼ ἔφυσας ἄθλιον καὶ τλήμονʼ, εἴ τις ἄλλος ἀνθρώπων ἔφυ· ὃν καὶ πρὶν ἐς φῶς μητρὸς ἐκ γονῆς μολεῖν, ἄγονον Ἀπόλλων Λαΐῳ μʼ ἐθέσπισεν φονέα γενέσθαι πατρός· ὦ τάλας ἐγώ. 1600ἐπεὶ δʼ ἐγενόμην, αὖθις ὁ σπείρας πατὴρ κτείνει με νομίσας πολέμιον πεφυκέναι· χρῆν γὰρ θανεῖν νιν ἐξ ἐμοῦ· πέμπει δέ με μαστὸν ποθοῦντα θηρσὶν ἄθλιον βοράν· οὗ σῳζόμεσθα — Ταρτάρου γὰρ ὤφελεν 1605ἐλθεῖν Κιθαιρὼν εἰς ἄβυσσα χάσματα, ὅς μʼ οὐ διώλεσʼ, ἀλλὰ […] […] δουλεῦσαί τέ μοι δαίμων ἔδωκε Πόλυβον ἀμφὶ δεσπότην. κτανὼν δʼ ἐμαυτοῦ πατέρʼ ὁ δυσδαίμων ἐγὼ ἐς μητρὸς ἦλθον τῆς ταλαιπώρου λέχος, 1610παῖδάς τʼ ἀδελφοὺς ἔτεκον, οὓς ἀπώλεσα, ἀρὰς παραλαβὼν Λαΐου καὶ παισὶ δούς. οὐ γὰρ τοσοῦτον ἀσύνετος πέφυκʼ ἐγὼ ὥστʼ εἰς ἔμʼ ὄμματʼ ἔς τʼ ἐμῶν παίδων βίον ἄνευ θεῶν του ταῦτʼ ἐμηχανησάμην. 1615εἶἑν· τί δράσω δῆθʼ ὁ δυσδαίμων ἐγώ; τίς ἡγεμών μοι ποδὸς ὁμαρτήσει τυφλοῦ; ἥδʼ ἡ θανοῦσα; ζῶσά γʼ ἂν σάφʼ οἶδʼ ὅτι. ἀλλʼ εὔτεκνος ξυνωρίς; ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστι μοι. ἀλλʼ ἔτι νεάζων αὐτὸς εὕροιμʼ ἂν βίον; 1620πόθεν; τί μʼ ἄρδην ὧδʼ ἀποκτείνεις, Κρέον; ἀποκτενεῖς γάρ, εἴ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖς. οὐ μὴν ἑλίξας γʼ ἀμφὶ σὸν χεῖρας γόνυ κακὸς φανοῦμαι· τὸ γὰρ ἐμόν ποτʼ εὐγενὲς οὐκ ἂν προδοίην, οὐδέ περ πράσσων κακῶς.

Creon Cease now your lamentations; it is time we thought of their burial. Hear what I have to say, Oedipus. Eteocles, your son, left me to rule this land, by giving it as a dowry to Haemon with his marriage to your daughter Antigone. Therefore I will no longer allow you to dwell in this land; for Teiresias clearly said that the city would never prosper as long as you made your home here. So begone! And I say this not in insult, nor because I am your enemy, but from fear that some calamity will come upon the land, through those avenging fiends of yours.

Oedipus O destiny! From the beginning, how you have created me wretched and unhappy, if any mortal ever was; for before I had left my mother’s womb and seen the light, Apollo foretold to Laius that I, then unborn, should become my father’s murderer; alas for me! So, as soon as I was born, the father who begot me tried to kill me, thinking me his enemy, for it was fated he should die at my hand; so he sent me unweaned to make a pitiful meal for beasts; I escaped from that— would that Cithaeron had sunk into hell’s yawning abyss, because it did not destroy me, but . . . Fate made me a slave in the service of Polybus. And I, poor wretch, after slaying my own father came to my mother’s bed, to her sorrow, and begot sons that were my brothers, whom I have destroyed, by bequeathing to them the legacy of curses I received from Laius. For I was not born so foolish, that I should have contrived these things against my own eyes and my children’s life, without some god. Let that pass. What am I, poor wretch, to do? Who now will be my guide and tend the blind man’s step? The one who is dead? If she were alive, I know well that she would. My pair of noble sons? But they are gone from me. But am I still so young myself that I can find a livelihood? Where? O Creon, why do you seek in this way to kill me utterly? For you will kill me, if you banish me from the land. Yet I will never twine my arms about your knees and seem a coward, for I would not betray my former nobility, no! not for all my ills.

Creon

1625σοί τʼ εὖ λέλεκται γόνατα μὴ χρῴζειν ἐμά, ἐγὼ δὲ ναίειν σʼ οὐκ ἐάσαιμʼ ἂν χθόνα. νεκρῶν δὲ τῶνδε τὸν μὲν ἐς δόμους χρεὼν ἤδη κομίζειν, τόνδε δʼ, ὃς πέρσων πόλιν πατρίδα σὺν ἄλλοις ἦλθε, Πολυνείκους νέκυν 1630ἐκβάλετʼ ἄθαπτον τῆσδʼ ὅρων ἔξω χθονός. κηρύξεται δὲ πᾶσι Καδμείοις τάδε· ὃς ἂν νεκρὸν τόνδʼ ἢ καταστέφων ἁλῷ ἢ γῇ καλύπτων, θάνατον ἀνταλλάξεται. 1635σὺ δʼ ἐκλιποῦσα τριπτύχους θρήνους νεκρῶν κόμιζε σαυτήν, Ἀντιγόνη, δόμων ἔσω καὶ παρθενεύου τὴν ἰοῦσαν ἡμέραν μένουσʼ, ἐν ᾗ σε λέκτρον Αἵμονος μένει.

You have spoken well, in refusing to touch my knees, but I could not allow you to dwell in the land. Of these dead, bear one at once to the palace; but the other, who came with strangers to sack his native town, the dead Polyneices, cast forth unburied beyond the borders of this land. To all the race of Cadmus shall this be proclaimed: Whoever is caught decking his corpse with wreaths or giving it burial, shall be requited with death. As for you, Antigone, leave your mourning for these lifeless three and go indoors, to lead your maiden life until to-morrow, when Haemon waits to marry you.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.