Euripides · Phoenician Women Φοίνισσαι

Euripides, Phoenician Women 1639–1766: Exodos: Antigone defies Creon; Oedipus goes into exile

Antigone argues against Creon's decree, vows to bury Polyneices and refuses to marry Haemon, choosing to share her father's exile. Oedipus embraces his dead family and says that he is to die at Colonus in Athens. He bids the citizens farewell and leaves with Antigone.

Lines 1639–1766 · 1143 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἀντιγόνη 1639ὦ πάτερ, ἐν οἵοις κείμεθʼ ἄθλιοι κακοῖς. 1640ὥς σε στενάζω τῶν τεθνηκότων πλέον· οὐ γὰρ τὸ μέν σοι βαρὺ κακῶν, τὸ δʼ οὐ βαρύ, ἀλλʼ εἰς ἅπαντα δυστυχὴς ἔφυς, πάτερ. ἀτὰρ σʼ ἐρωτῶ τὸν νεωστὶ κοίρανον· τί τόνδʼ ὑβρίζεις πατέρʼ ἀποστέλλων χθονός; 1645τί θεσμοποιεῖς ἐπὶ ταλαιπώρῳ νεκρῷ; Κρέων Ἐτεοκλέους βουλεύματʼ, οὐχ ἡμῶν, τάδε. Ἀντιγόνη ἄφρονά γε, καὶ σὺ μῶρος ὃς ἐπίθου τάδε. Κρέων πῶς; τἀντεταλμένʼ οὐ δίκαιον ἐκπονεῖν; Ἀντιγόνη οὔκ, ἢν πονηρά γʼ ᾖ κακῶς τʼ εἰρημένα. Κρέων 1650τί δʼ; οὐ δικαίως ὅδε κυσὶν δοθήσεται; Ἀντιγόνη οὐκ ἔννομον γὰρ τὴν δίκην πράσσεσθέ νιν. Κρέων εἴπερ γε πόλεως ἐχθρὸς ἦν οὐκ ἐχθρὸς ὤν. Ἀντιγόνη οὐκοῦν ἔδωκε τῇ τύχῃ τὸν δαίμονα. Κρέων καὶ τῷ τάφῳ νυν τὴν δίκην παρασχέτω. Ἀντιγόνη 1655τί πλημμελήσας, τὸ μέρος εἰ μετῆλθε γῆς; Κρέων ἄταφος ὅδʼ ἁνήρ, ὡς μάθῃς, γενήσεται. Ἀντιγόνη ἐγώ σφε θάψω, κἂν ἀπεννέπῃ πόλις. Κρέων σαυτὴν ἄρʼ ἐγγὺς τῷδε συνθάψεις νεκρῷ. Ἀντιγόνη ἀλλʼ εὐκλεές τοι δύο φίλω κεῖσθαι πέλας. Κρέων 1660λάζυσθε τήνδε κἀς δόμους κομίζετε. Ἀντιγόνη οὐ δῆτʼ, ἐπεὶ τοῦδʼ οὐ μεθήσομαι νεκροῦ. Κρέων ἔκρινʼ ὁ δαίμων, παρθένʼ, οὐχ ἃ σοὶ δοκεῖ. Ἀντιγόνη κἀκεῖνο κέκριται, μὴ ἐφυβρίζεσθαι νεκρούς. Κρέων ὡς οὔτις ἀμφὶ τῷδʼ ὑγρὰν θήσει κόνιν. Ἀντιγόνη 1665ναὶ πρός σε τῆσδε μητρὸς Ἰοκάστης, Κρέον. Κρέων μάταια μοχθεῖς· οὐ γὰρ ἂν τύχοις τάδε. Ἀντιγόνη σὺ δʼ ἀλλὰ νεκρῷ λουτρὰ περιβαλεῖν μʼ ἔα. Κρέων ἓν τοῦτʼ ἂν εἴη τῶν ἀπορρήτων πόλει. Ἀντιγόνη ἀλλʼ ἀμφὶ τραύματʼ ἄγρια τελαμῶνας βαλεῖν. Κρέων 1670οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅπως σὺ τόνδε τιμήσεις νέκυν. Ἀντιγόνη ὦ φίλτατʼ, ἀλλὰ στόμα γε σὸν προσπτύξομαι.

Antigone O father, in what cruel misery are we plunged! For you I mourn more than for the dead; for in your woes you do not have something that is grievous and something not; but you were born wholly unfortunate, father. As for you, new-made king, I ask you, why do you insult my father with banishment? Why do you make laws over a helpless corpse?

Creon This was Eteocles’ purpose, not mine.

Antigone It is senseless, and you are a fool to obey it!

Creon How so? Isn’t it right to carry out his commands?

Antigone No; not if they are wrong and ill-advised.

Creon What? Isn’t it right for that other to be given to the dogs?

Antigone No, for the vengeance you are exacting is not a lawful one.

Creon Yes, if he was his country’s enemy, when not born an enemy.

Antigone Well, he rendered up his destiny to fate.

Creon Let him now pay the penalty in his burial too.

Antigone What crime did he commit, in coming to claim his portion of the land?

Creon Be very sure of this, he shall have no burial.

Antigone I will bury him, although the state forbids.

Creon Do so, and you will be making your own grave by his.

Antigone A noble end, for two so near and dear to lie side by side!

Creon Seize and take her inside.

Antigone Oh, no! For I will not let go of this corpse.

Creon These are the god’s decrees, my girl, not what seems good to you.

Antigone And this has been decreed, not to insult the dead.

Creon Be sure that no one will sprinkle over the corpse the moistened dust.

Antigone O Creon, by my mother Jocasta, I implore you!

Creon Your labor is in vain; you will not gain your prayer.

Antigone Let me only bathe the dead body.

Creon That would be part of what is forbidden by the city.

Antigone At least let me bandage the cruel wounds.

Creon No; you will never pay honor to this corpse.

Antigone O my dearest! At least I will kiss your mouth.

Κρέων 1672οὐ μὴ ἐς γάμους σοὺς συμφορὰν κτήσῃ γόοις. Ἀντιγόνη ἦ γὰρ γαμοῦμαι ζῶσα παιδὶ σῷ ποτε; Κρέων πολλή σʼ ἀνάγκη· ποῖ γὰρ ἐκφεύξῃ λέχος; Ἀντιγόνη 1675νὺξ ἆρʼ ἐκείνη Δαναΐδων μʼ ἕξει μίαν. Κρέων εἶδες τὸ τόλμημʼ οἷον ἐξωνείδισεν; Ἀντιγόνη ἴστω σίδηρος ὅρκιόν τέ μοι ξίφος. Κρέων τί δʼ ἐκπροθυμῇ τῶνδʼ ἀπηλλάχθαι γάμων; Ἀντιγόνη συμφεύξομαι τῷδʼ ἀθλιωτάτῳ πατρί. Κρέων 1680γενναιότης σοι, μωρία δʼ ἔνεστί τις. Ἀντιγόνη καὶ ξυνθανοῦμαί γʼ, ὡς μάθῃς περαιτέρω. Κρέων ἴθʼ, οὐ φονεύσεις παῖδʼ ἐμόν, λίπε χθόνα. Οἰδίπους ὦ θύγατερ, αἰνῶ μέν σε τῆς προθυμίας. Ἀντιγόνη ἀλλʼ εἰ γαμοίμην, σὺ δὲ μόνος φεύγοις, πάτερ; Οἰδίπους 1685μένʼ εὐτυχοῦσα, τἄμʼ ἐγὼ στέρξω κακά. Ἀντιγόνη καὶ τίς σε τυφλὸν ὄντα θεραπεύσει, πάτερ; Οἰδίπους πεσὼν ὅπου μοι μοῖρα κείσομαι πέδῳ. Ἀντιγόνη ὁ δʼ Οἰδίπους ποῦ καὶ τὰ κλείνʼ αἰνίγματα; Οἰδίπους ὄλωλʼ· ἓν ἦμάρ μʼ ὤλβισʼ, ἓν δʼ ἀπώλεσεν. Ἀντιγόνη 1690οὔκουν μετασχεῖν κἀμὲ δεῖ τῶν σῶν κακῶν; Οἰδίπους αἰσχρὰ φυγὴ θυγατρὶ σὺν τυφλῷ πατρί. Ἀντιγόνη οὔ, σωφρονούσῃ γʼ, ἀλλὰ γενναία, πάτερ. Οἰδίπους προσάγαγέ νύν με, μητρὸς ὡς ψαύσω σέθεν. Ἀντιγόνη ἰδού, γεραιᾶς φιλτάτης ψαῦσον χερί. Οἰδίπους 1695ὦ μῆτερ, ὦ ξυνάορʼ ἀθλιωτάτη. Ἀντιγόνη οἰκτρὰ πρόκειται, πάντʼ ἔχουσʼ ὁμοῦ κακά. Οἰδίπους Ἐτεοκλέους δὲ πτῶμα Πολυνείκους τε ποῦ; Ἀντιγόνη τώδʼ ἐκτάδην σοι κεῖσθον ἀλλήλοιν πέλας. Οἰδίπους πρόσθες τυφλὴν χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ πρόσωπα δυστυχῆ. Ἀντιγόνη 1700ἰδού, θανόντων σῶν τέκνων ἅπτου χερί. Οἰδίπους ὦ φίλα πεσήματʼ ἄθλιʼ ἀθλίου πατρός. Ἀντιγόνη ὦ φίλτατον δῆτʼ ὄνομα Πολυνείκους ἐμοί. Οἰδίπους νῦν χρησμός, ὦ παῖ, Λοξίου περαίνεται. Ἀντιγόνη ὁ ποῖος; ἀλλʼ ἦ πρὸς κακοῖς ἐρεῖς κακά; Οἰδίπους 1705ἐν ταῖς Ἀθήναις κατθανεῖν μʼ ἀλώμενον. Ἀντιγόνη ποῦ; τίς σε πύργος Ἀτθίδος προσδέξεται; Οἰδίπους ἱερὸς Κολωνός, δώμαθʼ ἱππίου θεοῦ. ἀλλʼ εἶα, τυφλῷ τῷδʼ ὑπηρέτει πατρί, ἐπεὶ προθυμῇ τῆσδε κοινοῦσθαι φυγῆς.

Creon Do not let this mourning bring disaster on your marriage.

Antigone Marriage! Do you think I will marry your son while I am alive?

Creon Indeed you must; how will you escape the match?

Antigone Then that night will find in me another Danaid bride!

Creon Do you see how boldly she reproaches me?

Antigone Let the steel know, the sword be my witness!

Creon Why are you so eager to be released from this marriage?

Antigone I mean to share my hapless father’s exile.

Creon A noble spirit yours but there is some folly in it.

Antigone And I will share his death, I tell you further.

Creon Go, leave the land; you will not murder my son.

Oedipus Daughter, for this loyal spirit I thank you.

Antigone How could I marry, while you went into exile alone, father?

Oedipus Stay here and be happy; I will bear my own load of sorrow.

Antigone And who will tend you in your blindness, father?

Oedipus Where fate appoints, there I will fall and lie down upon the ground.

Antigone Where is Oedipus, and that famous riddle?

Oedipus Lost! One day blessed me, one destroyed me.

Antigone May I not also share your sorrows?

Oedipus To wander with her blinded father would be shameful for his daughter.

Antigone Not so, father, but glory, if she is discreet.

Oedipus Lead me near, so that I may touch your mother’s corpse.

Antigone There, embrace the aged form so dear to you.

Oedipus O mother, o most wretched wife!

Antigone Pitiably she lies, who suffered every evil at once.

Oedipus Where are the corpses of Eteocles, and of Polyneices?

Antigone Here they both lie, stretched out side by side.

Oedipus Lay my blind hand upon their poor faces.

Antigone There, touch the dead, your children.

Oedipus O dear fallen sons, sad offspring of a sad father!

Antigone O my brother Polyneices, name most dear to me!

Oedipus Now the oracle of Loxias is being fulfilled, my child.

Antigone What oracle? Do you have further woes to tell?

Oedipus That I should die in Athens after a life of wandering.

Antigone Where? What fenced town in Attica will take you in?

Oedipus Hallowed Colonus, home of the god of horses. Come then, attend on your blind father, since you are eager to share his exile.

Ἀντιγόνη 1710ἴθʼ ἐς φυγὰν τάλαιναν· ὄρεγε χέρα φίλαν, πάτερ γεραιέ, πομπίμαν ἔχων ἔμʼ ὥστε ναυσίπομπον αὔραν. Οἰδίπους ἰδοὺ ἰδού, πορεύομαι· 1715τέκνον, σύ μοι ποδαγὸς ἀθλία γενοῦ. Ἀντιγόνη γενόμεθα γενόμεθʼ, ἄθλιαί γε δῆτα Θηβαιᾶν μάλιστα παρθένων. Οἰδίπους πόθι γεραιὸν ἴχνος τίθημι; βάκτρα πρόσφερʼ, ὦ τέκνον. Ἀντιγόνη 1720τᾷδε τᾷδε βᾶθί μοι, τᾷδε τᾷδε πόδα τιθείς, ὥστʼ ὄνειρον ἰσχύν. Οἰδίπους ἰὼ ἰώ, δυστυχεστάτας φυγὰς ἐλαύνων τὸν γέροντά μʼ ἐκ πάτρας. 1725ἰὼ ἰώ, δεινὰ δείνʼ ἐγὼ τλάς. Ἀντιγόνη τί τλάς; τί τλάς; οὐχ ὁρᾷ Δίκα κακούς, οὐδʼ ἀμείβεται βροτῶν ἀσυνεσίας. Οἰδίπους ὅδʼ εἰμὶ μοῦσαν ὃς ἐπὶ καλ- λίνικον οὐράνιον ἔβαν 1730μειξοπαρθένου κόρας αἴνιγμʼ ἀσύνετον εὑρών. Ἀντιγόνη Σφιγγὸς ἀναφέρεις ὄνειδος. ἄπαγε τὰ πάρος εὐτυχήματʼ αὐδῶν. τάδε σʼ ἐπέμενε μέλεα πάθεα 1735φυγάδα πατρίδος ἄπο γενόμενον, ὦ πάτερ, θανεῖν που. ποθεινὰ δάκρυα παρὰ φίλαισι παρθένοις λιποῦσʼ ἄπειμι πατρίδος ἀποπρὸ γαίας ἀπαρθένευτʼ ἀλωμένα. 1740φεῦ τὸ χρήσιμον φρενῶν ἐς πατρός γε συμφορὰς εὐκλεᾶ με θήσει· τάλαινʼ ἐγὼ σῶν συγγόνου θʼ ὑβρισμάτων, ὃς ἐκ δόμων νέκυς ἄθαπτος οἴχεται 1745μέλεος, ὅν, εἴ με καὶ θανεῖν, πάτερ, χρεών, σκότια γᾷ καλύψω. Οἰδίπους πρὸς ἥλικας φάνηθι σάς. Ἀντιγόνη ἅλις ὀδυρμάτων ἐμῶν. Οἰδίπους σὺ δʼ ἀμφὶ βωμίους λιτὰς — Ἀντιγόνη 1750κόρον ἔχουσʼ ἐμῶν κακῶν. Οἰδίπους ἴθʼ ἀλλὰ Βρόμιος ἵνα τε σηκὸς ἄβατος ὄρεσι μαινάδων. Ἀντιγόνη Καδμείαν ᾧ νεβρίδα 1755στολιδωσαμένα ποτʼ ἐγὼ Σεμέλας θίασον ἱερὸν ὄρεσιν ἀνεχόρευσα, χάριν ἀχάριτον ἐς θεοὺς διδοῦσα;

Antigone Go to unhappy exile; stretch forth your dear hand, my old father, taking me to guide you, like a breeze that guides the ships.

Oedipus See, I am advancing; be my guide, my poor child.

Antigone I am, I am! The saddest maiden of all in Thebes.

Oedipus Where am I placing my aged step? Bring my staff, child.

Antigone This way, this way, come to me, place your steps here, like a dream in your strength.

Oedipus Oh, oh, driving the old man in most wretched flight from the country! Oh, oh! the terrible sorrows I have endured!

Antigone Why do you speak of enduring? Justice does not see the wicked, and does not requite follies.

Oedipus I am the one who came into high songs of victory, because I guessed the baffling riddle of the girl, half-maiden.

Antigone You are bringing up again the reproach of the Sphinx. Talk no more of past success. This misery was in store for you all the while, to become an exile from your country and die anywhere. Leaving to my girlhood friends sad tears, I go forth from my native land, to roam as no maiden should. Ah! This dutiful resolve towards my father’s suffering will make me famous. Alas for the insults heaped on you and on my brother, whose dead body goes from the house unburied, poor boy! I will bury him secretly, though I have to die for it, father.

Oedipus Show yourself to your companions.

Antigone My own laments suffice.

Oedipus Go pray at the altars.

Antigone They have enough of my piteous tale.

Oedipus At least go seek the Bromian god in his untrodden sanctuary among the Maenads’ hills.

Antigone Bromius, for whom I once dressed in the Theban fawn-skin and danced upon the hills in the holy choir of Semele—shall I now offer the gods homage that is not homage?

Oedipus

1758ὦ πάτρας κλεινῆς πολῖται, λεύσσετʼ, Οἰδίπους ὅδε, ὃς τὰ κλείνʼ αἰνίγματʼ ἔγνω καὶ μέγιστος ἦν ἀνήρ, 1760ὃς μόνος Σφιγγὸς κατέσχον τῆς μιαιφόνου κράτη, νῦν ἄτιμος αὐτὸς οἰκτρὸς ἐξελαύνομαι χθονός. ἀλλὰ γὰρ τί ταῦτα θρηνῶ καὶ μάτην ὀδύρομαι; τὰς γὰρ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκας θνητὸν ὄντα δεῖ φέρειν.

O citizens of a famous country, look at me; I am Oedipus, who solved the famous riddle, and was the greatest of men, I, who alone controlled the murderous Sphinx’s power, am now myself driven from the land in dishonor and misery. But why do I make this moan and useless lamentation? As a mortal, I must bear the constraint that the gods decree.

Chorus

1764ὦ μέγα σεμνὴ Νίκη, τὸν ἐμὸν 1765βίοτον κατέχοις καὶ μὴ λήγοις στεφανοῦσα.

Greatly revered Victory, may you occupy my life and never cease to crown me!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Phoenician Women 1639–1766: Antigone defies Creon