Euripides · Phoenician Women Φοίνισσαι

Euripides, Phoenician Women 301–378: First episode: Jocasta and Polyneices meet again

Jocasta comes out and embraces Polyneices, and tells of her mourning and of Oedipus' despair. She regrets that his marriage was made in a foreign land without her. Polyneices says that he has come in fear, but that all men love their native land, and asks about his father and sisters.

Lines 301–378 · 525 words · click a number to copy its link

Jocasta

301Φοίνισσαν βοὰν κλύουσʼ, ὦ νεάνιδες, γηραιὸν πόδʼ ἕλκω, τρομερὰν βάσιν· ἰὼ τέκνον, 305χρόνῳ σὸν ὄμμα μυρίαις τʼ ἐν ἁμέραις προσεῖδον· ἀμφίβαλλε μα- στὸν ὠλέναισι ματέρος, παρηίδων τʼ ὄρεγμα βο- στρύχων τε κυανόχρωτα χαί- τας πλόκαμον, δέραν σκιάζων ἁμάν. 310ἰὼ ἰώ, μόλις φανεὶς ἄελπτα κἀδόκητα ματρὸς ὠλέναις. τί φῶ σε; πῶς ἅπαντα καὶ χερσὶ καὶ λόγοισι πολυέλικτον ἁδονὰν περιχορεύουσα τέρψιν παλαιᾶν λάβω χαρμονᾶν; ἰὼ τέκος, ἔρημον πατρῷον ἔλιπες δόμον φυγὰς ἀποσταλεὶς ὁμαίμου λώβᾳ, 320ἦ ποθεινὸς φίλοις, ἦ ποθεινὸς Θήβαις. ὅθεν ἐμάν τε λευκόχροα κείρομαι δακρυόεσσʼ ἀνεῖσα πένθει κόμαν, ἄπεπλος φαρέων λευκῶν, ὦ τέκνον, 325δυσόρφναια δʼ ἀμφὶ τρύχη τάδε σκότιʼ ἀμείβομαι.

Maidens, I hear your Phoenician voice, and my old feet drag their tottering steps. O my son, at last after countless days I see your face; throw your arms about your mother’s breast, stretch out to me your cheeks and the dark, curly locks of your hair, overshadowing my neck. Hail to you! all hail! scarcely here in your mother’s arms, beyond hope and expectation. What can I say to you? How in every way, by hands, by words, in the mazy delight of the dance, shall I find the pleasure of my former joy? Ah! my son, you left your father’s house desolate, when your brother’s outrage drove you away in exile. Truly you were missed alike by your friends and Thebes. And so I cut my white hair and let it fall for grief, in tears, not clad in robes of white, my son, but taking instead these dark rags.

Jocasta

327ὁ δʼ ἐν δόμοισι πρέσβυς ὀμματοστερὴς ἀπήνας ὁμοπτέρου τᾶς ἀπο- ζυγείσας δόμων 330πόθον ἀμφιδάκρυτον ἀεὶ κατ- έχων ἀνῇξε μὲν ξίφους ἐπʼ αὐτόχειρά τε σφαγάν, ὑπὲρ τέραμνά τʼ ἀγχόνας, στενάζων ἀρὰς τέκνοις· 335σὺν ἀλαλαῖσι δʼ αἰὲν αἰαγμάτων σκότια κρύπτεται. σὲ δʼ, ὦ τέκνον, γάμοισι δὴ κλύω ζυγέντα παιδοποιὸν ἁδονὰν ξένοισιν ἐν δόμοις ἔχειν 340ξένον τε κῆδος ἀμφέπειν, ἄλαστα ματρὶ τᾷδε Λα- ίῳ τε τῷ παλαιγενεῖ, γάμων ἐπακτὸν ἄταν. ἐγὼ δʼ οὔτε σοι πυρὸς ἀνῆψα φῶς 345νόμιμον ἐν γάμοις ματέρι μακαρίᾳ· ἀνυμέναια δʼ Ἰσμηνὸς ἐκηδεύθη λουτροφόρου χλιδᾶς, ἀνὰ δὲ Θηβαίαν πόλιν ἐσιγάθη σᾶς ἔσοδοι νύμφας. 350ὄλοιτο, τάδʼ εἴτε σίδαρος εἴτʼ ἔρις εἴτε πατὴρ ὁ σὸς αἴτιος, εἴτε τὸ δαιμόνιον κατεκώμασε δώμασιν Οἰδιπόδα· πρὸς ἐμὲ γὰρ κακῶν ἔμολε τῶνδʼ ἄχη.

While in the house the old blind man, always possessed by his tearful longing for the pair of brothers estranged from the home, rushed to kill himself with the sword or by the noose suspended over his chamber-roof, moaning his curses on his sons; and now he hides himself in darkness, always weeping and lamenting. And you, my child, I hear you have married and are begetting children to your joy in a foreign home, and are courting a foreign alliance, a ceaseless regret to me your mother and to Laius your ancestor, ruin brought by your marriage. I was not the one who lit for you the marriage-torch, the custom in marriage for a happy mother; Ismenus had no part at your wedding in supplying the luxurious bath, and there was silence through the streets of Thebes, at the entrance of your bride. Curses on them! whether the sword or strife or your father that is to blame, or heaven’s visitation that has burst riotously upon the house of Oedipus; for on me has come all the anguish of these evils.

Χορός 355δεινὸν γυναιξὶν αἱ διʼ ὠδίνων γοναί, καὶ φιλότεκνόν πως πᾶν γυναικεῖον γένος. Πολυνείκης μῆτερ, φρονῶν εὖ κοὐ φρονῶν ἀφικόμην ἐχθροὺς ἐς ἄνδρας· ἀλλʼ ἀναγκαίως ἔχει πατρίδος ἐρᾶν ἅπαντας· ὃς δʼ ἄλλως λέγει, 360λόγοισι χαίρει τὸν δὲ νοῦν ἐκεῖσʼ ἔχει. οὕτω δʼ ἐτάρβουν ἐς φόβον τʼ ἀφικόμην, μή τις δόλος με πρὸς κασιγνήτου κτάνῃ, ὥστε ξιφήρη χεῖρʼ ἔχων διʼ ἄστεως κυκλῶν πρόσωπον ἦλθον. ἓν δέ μʼ ὠφελεῖ, 365σπονδαί τε καὶ σὴ πίστις, ἥ μʼ ἐσήγαγε τείχη πατρῷα· πολύδακρυς δʼ ἀφικόμην, χρόνιος ἰδὼν μέλαθρα καὶ βωμοὺς θεῶν γυμνάσιά θʼ οἷσιν ἐνετράφην Δίρκης θʼ ὕδωρ· ὧν οὐ δικαίως ἀπελαθεὶς ξένην πόλιν 370ναίω, διʼ ὄσσων νᾶμʼ ἔχων δακρύρροον. ἀλλʼ ἐκ γὰρ ἄλγους ἄλγος αὖ σὲ δέρκομαι ἔχουσαν, οἴμοι τῶν ἐμῶν ἐγὼ κακῶν. ὡς δεινὸν ἔχθρα, μῆτερ, οἰκείων φίλων 375. τί γὰρ πατήρ μοι πρέσβυς ἐν δόμοισι δρᾷ, σκότον δεδορκώς; τί δὲ κασίγνηται δύο; ἦ που στένουσι τλήμονες φυγὰς ἐμάς;

Chorus Leader Their offspring are a wonderful thing to women; all of them have some love for their children.

Polyneices Mother, I have come among enemies wisely or foolishly; but all men must love their native land; whoever says otherwise is pleased to say so, but his thoughts are turned elsewhere. I was so fearful and in such terror, lest my brother should kill me by treachery, that I came through the city sword in hand, looking all round. I had one advantage, the truce and your word, which brought me to the paternal walls; and I arrived here weeping, to see after a long time my home and the altars of the gods, the training ground, scene of my childhood, and the water of Dirce, from which I was unjustly driven to live in a foreign city, a stream of tears flowing from my eyes. Now, grief upon grief, I see you, alas for my sorrows! What a terrible thing, mother, is hatred between dear friends. What is my old father doing within the house, looking on darkness? What of my two sisters? Surely the unhappy ones lament my exile?

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.