Euripides · Phoenician Women Φοίνισσαι

Euripides, Phoenician Women 1202–1263: Fifth episode: the Messenger reports the brothers' challenge to single combat

Jocasta thanks the gods, but presses the Messenger to say more. He reluctantly tells her that Eteocles offered single combat to Polyneices to decide the throne, that Polyneices agreed, and that both armies swore a truce. He tells her that the brothers are arming, and urges her to try to stop them.

Lines 1202–1263 · 573 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἰοκάστη 1202καλῶς τὰ τῶν θεῶν καὶ τὰ τῆς τύχης ἔχει· παῖδές τε γάρ μοι ζῶσι κἀκπέφευγε γῆ. Κρέων δʼ ἔοικε τῶν ἐμῶν νυμφευμάτων 1205τῶν τʼ Οἰδίπου δύστηνος ἀπολαῦσαι κακῶν, παιδὸς στερηθείς, τῇ πόλει μὲν εὐτυχῶς, ἰδίᾳ δὲ λυπρῶς. ἀλλʼ ἄνελθέ μοι πάλιν, τί τἀπὶ τούτοις παῖδʼ ἐμὼ δρασείετον. Ἄγγελος ἔα τὰ λοιπά· δεῦρʼ ἀεὶ γὰρ εὐτυχεῖς. Ἰοκάστη 1210τοῦτʼ εἰς ὕποπτον εἶπας· οὐκ ἐατέον. Ἄγγελος μεῖζον τί χρῄζεις παῖδας ἢ σεσῳσμένους; Ἰοκάστη καὶ τἀπίλοιπά γʼ εἰ καλῶς πράσσω κλύειν. Ἄγγελος μέθες μʼ· ἔρημος παῖς ὑπασπιστοῦ σέθεν. Ἰοκάστη κακόν τι κεύθεις καὶ στέγεις ὑπὸ σκότῳ. Ἄγγελος 1215κοὐκ ἄν γε λέξαιμʼ ἐπʼ ἀγαθοῖσι σοῖς κακά. Ἰοκάστη ἢν μή γε φεύγων ἐκφύγῃς πρὸς αἰθέρα. Ἄγγελος αἰαῖ· τί μʼ οὐκ εἴασας ἐξ εὐαγγέλου φήμης ἀπελθεῖν, ἀλλὰ μηνῦσαι κακά; τὼ παῖδε τὼ σὼ μέλλετον, τολμήματα 1220αἴσχιστα, χωρὶς μονομαχεῖν παντὸς στρατοῦ, λέξαντες Ἀργείοισι Καδμείοισί τε ἐς κοινὸν οἷον μήποτʼ ὤφελον λόγον. Ἐτεοκλέης δʼ ὑπῆρξʼ ἀπʼ ὀρθίου σταθεὶς πύργου, κελεύσας σῖγα κηρῦξαι στρατῷ· Δαναῶν ἀριστῆς, οἵπερ ἤλθετʼ ἐνθάδε, Κάδμου τε λαός, μήτε Πολυνείκους χάριν ψυχὰς ἀπεμπολᾶτε μήθʼ ἡμῶν ὕπερ. ἐγὼ γὰρ αὐτὸς τόνδε κίνδυνον μεθεὶς 1230μόνος συνάψω συγγόνῳ τὠμῷ μάχην· κἂν μὲν κτάνω τόνδʼ, οἶκον οἰκήσω μόνος, ἡσσώμενος δὲ τῷδε παραδώσω μόνῳ· ὑμεῖς δʼ ἀγῶνʼ ἀφέντες, Ἀργεῖοι, χθόνα νίσεσθε, βίοτον μὴ λιπόντες ἐνθάδε, 1235Σπαρτῶν τε λαὸς ἅλις ὅσος κεῖται νεκρός. τοσαῦτʼ ἔλεξε· σὸς δὲ Πολυνείκης γόνος ἐκ τάξεων ὤρουσε κἀπῄνει λόγους. πάντες δʼ ἐπερρόθησαν Ἀργεῖοι τάδε Κάδμου τε λαὸς ὡς δίκαιʼ ἡγούμενοι. 1240ἐπὶ τοῖσδε δʼ ἐσπείσαντο, κἀν μεταιχμίοις ὅρκους συνῆψαν ἐμμενεῖν στρατηλάται.

Jocasta The gods and fortune have treated us well; for my sons are alive and my land has escaped ruin. But Creon seems to have had bitter enjoyment from my marriage with Oedipus, by losing his son to his sorrow, a public success, a private grief. But please, come back to your tale again and say what my two sons intend to do next.

Messenger Let the rest be; all is well with you so far.

Jocasta Your words rouse my suspicions; I cannot let it be.

Messenger Have you any further wish than your sons’ safety?

Jocasta Yes, to hear if I shall fare well in the future.

Messenger Let me go; your son is left without his squire.

Jocasta There is some evil you are hiding, veiling it in darkness.

Messenger I would not add ill news to the good you have heard.

Jocasta You must, unless you take wings and fly away.

Messenger Ah! Why did you not let me go after my good news, instead of forcing me to disclose evil? Those two sons of yours are resolved on deeds of shameful recklessness, a single combat apart from the army; they addressed to Argives and Thebans alike words I would they had never uttered. Eteocles, taking his stand on a lofty tower, after ordering silence to be proclaimed to the army, began: chieftains of Argos here assembled, and you people of Cadmus, do not barter your lives for Polyneices or for me! For I myself excuse you from this risk, and will engage my brother in single combat; and if I slay him, I will possess my house alone, but if I am conquered I will hand down the city to him alone. You men of Argos, give up the struggle and return to your land, do not lose your lives here; there are enough of the Sown-men who lie dead. So he spoke; then your son Polyneices rushed from the battle-line and assented to his proposal. And all the Argives and the people of Cadmus shouted their approval, as though they thought it just. On these terms the armies made a truce, and in the space between them the generals took an oath to abide by.

Messenger

1242ἤδη δʼ ἔκρυπτον σῶμα παγχάλκοις ὅπλοις δισσοὶ γέροντος Οἰδίπου νεανίαι· φίλοι δʼ ἐκόσμουν, τῆσδε μὲν πρόμον χθονὸς 1245Σπαρτῶν ἀριστῆς, τὸν δὲ Δαναϊδῶν ἄκροι. ἔσταν δὲ λαμπρὼ χρῶμά τʼ οὐκ ἠλλαξάτην μαργῶντʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἱέναι δόρυ. παρεξιόντες δʼ ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν φίλων λόγοις ἐθάρσυνόν τε κἀξηύδων τάδε· 1250Πολύνεικες, ἐν σοὶ Ζηνὸς ὀρθῶσαι βρέτας τρόπαιον Ἄργει τʼ εὐκλεᾶ δοῦναι λόγον· Ἐτεοκλέα δʼ αὖ· νῦν πόλεως ὑπερμαχεῖς, νῦν καλλίνικος γενόμενος σκήπτρων κρατεῖς. τάδʼ ἠγόρευον παρακαλοῦντες ἐς μάχην. 1255μάντεις δὲ μῆλʼ ἔσφαζον, ἐμπύρους τʼ ἀκμὰς ῥήξεις τʼ ἐνώμων ὑγρότητʼ ἐναντίαν ἄκραν τε λαμπάδʼ, ἣ δυοῖν ὅρους ἔχει, νίκης τε σῆμα καὶ τὸ τῶν ἡσσωμένων. ἀλλʼ, εἴ τινʼ ἀλκὴν ἢ σοφοὺς ἔχεις λόγους 1260ἢ φίλτρʼ ἐπῳδῶν, στεῖχʼ, ἐρήτυσον τέκνα δεινῆς ἁμίλλης· ὡς ὁ κίνδυνος μέγας· κἄπαθλα δεινὰ δάκρυά σοι γενήσεται δισσοῖν στερείσῃ τῇδʼ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τέκνοιν.

At once, the two sons of the old Oedipus were hiding themselves in bronze armor; and lords of Thebes with friendly care equipped the captain of this land, while Argive chieftains armed the other. There they stood dazzling, nor were they pale, all eagerness to hurl their lances at each other. Then their friends came to their sides first one, then another, with words of encouragement, saying: Polyneices, it rests with you to set up an image of Zeus as a trophy and crown Argos with fair renown. Others to Eteocles: Now you are fighting for your city; now, if victorious, you have the scepter in your power. So they spoke, cheering them to the battle. The seers were sacrificing sheep and noting the tongues and forks of fire, the damp reek which is a bad omen, and the tapering flame which gives decisions on two points, being both a sign of victory and defeat. But, if you have any power or subtle speech or charmed spell, go, restrain your children from this terrible combat, for great is the risk they run. The prize of the contest will be grievous sorrow for you, if to-day you are deprived of both your sons.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.