Euripides · Phoenician Women Φοίνισσαι

Euripides, Phoenician Women 1067–1201: Fifth episode: a Messenger describes the seven gates and the Argive assault

A Messenger tells Jocasta that both sons are still alive and that the city is safe. He tells how Menoeceus died on the turret and how Eteocles posted seven companies at the gates. He describes the Argive leaders, the shield devices and the first assault, and how Capaneus was struck by a thunderbolt as he climbed the wall.

Lines 1067–1201 · 1146 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἄγγελος 1067ὠή, τίς ἐν πύλαισι δωμάτων κυρεῖ; ἀνοίγετʼ· ἐκπορεύετʼ Ἰοκάστην δόμων. ὠὴ μάλʼ αὖθις· διὰ μακροῦ μέν, ἀλλʼ ὅμως 1070ἔξελθʼ, ἄκουσον, Οἰδίπου κλεινὴ δάμαρ, λήξασʼ ὀδυρμῶν πενθίμων τε δακρύων. Ἰοκάστη ὦ φίλτατʼ, οὔ που ξυμφορὰν ἥκεις φέρων Ἐτεοκλέους θανόντος, οὗ παρʼ ἀσπίδα βέβηκας αἰεὶ πολεμίων εἴργων βέλη; τέθνηκεν ἢ ζῇ παῖς ἐμός; σήμαινέ μοι. Ἄγγελος ζῇ, μὴ τρέσῃς τόδʼ, ὥς σʼ ἀπαλλάξω φόβου. Ἰοκάστη τί δʼ; ἑπτάπυργοι πῶς ἔχουσι περιβολαί; Ἄγγελος ἑστᾶσʼ ἄθραυστοι, κοὐκ ἀνήρπασται πόλις. Ἰοκάστη 1080ἦλθον δὲ πρὸς κίνδυνον Ἀργείου δορός; Ἄγγελος ἀκμήν γʼ ἐπʼ αὐτήν· ἀλλʼ ὁ Καδμείων Ἄρης κρείσσων κατέστη τοῦ Μυκηναίου δορός. Ἰοκάστη ἓν εἰπὲ πρὸς θεῶν, εἴ τι Πολυνείκους πέρι οἶσθʼ· ὡς μέλει μοι καὶ τόδʼ, εἰ λεύσσει φάος. Ἄγγελος 1085ζῇ σοι ξυνωρὶς ἐς τόδʼ ἡμέρας τέκνων. Ἰοκάστη εὐδαιμονοίης. πῶς γὰρ Ἀργείων δόρυ πυλῶν ἀπεστήσασθε πυργηρούμενοι; λέξον, γέροντα τυφλὸν ὡς κατὰ στέγας ἐλθοῦσα τέρψω, τῆσδε γῆς σεσῳσμένης. Ἄγγελος 1090ἐπεὶ Κρέοντος παῖς ὁ γῆς ὑπερθανὼν πύργων ἐπʼ ἄκρων στὰς μελάνδετον ξίφος λαιμῶν διῆκε τῇδε γῇ σωτήριον, λόχους ἔνειμεν ἑπτὰ καὶ λοχαγέτας πύλας ἐφʼ ἑπτά, φύλακας Ἀργείου δορός, 1095σὸς παῖς, ἐφέδρους δʼ ἱππότας μὲν ἱππόταις ἔταξʼ, ὁπλίτας δʼ ἀσπιδηφόροις ἔπι, ὡς τῷ νοσοῦντι τειχέων εἴη δορὸς ἀλκὴ διʼ ὀλίγου. περγάμων δʼ ἀπʼ ὀρθίων λεύκασπιν εἰσορῶμεν Ἀργείων στρατὸν 1100Τευμησὸν ἐκλιπόντα, καὶ τάφρου πέλας δρόμῳ ξυνῆψαν ἄστυ Καδμείας χθονός. παιὰν δὲ καὶ σάλπιγγες ἐκελάδουν ὁμοῦ ἐκεῖθεν ἔκ τε τειχέων ἡμῶν πάρα.

Messenger Ho there! Who is at the palace-gates? Open the door, summon Jocasta forth. Ho there! once again I call; in spite of this long delay, come forth; listen, noble wife of Oedipus, cease your lamentation and your tears of woe.

Jocasta Surely you have not come, dear friend, with the sad news of Eteocles’ death, beside whose shield you have always marched, warding off from him the enemy’s darts? Is my son alive or dead? Tell me.

Messenger He is alive, do not fear that, so that I may rid you of your terror.

Jocasta Well? How is it with the seven towers that wall us in?

Messenger They stand unshattered; the city is not plundered.

Jocasta Have they been in jeopardy of the Argive spear?

Messenger Yes, on the very brink; but our Theban warriors proved stronger than Mycenae’s might.

Jocasta One thing tell me, by the gods, if you know anything of Polyneices; for this too is my concern, if he is alive.

Messenger As yet your sons are living, the pair of them.

Jocasta God bless you! How did you succeed in beating off from our gates the Argive army, when beleaguered? Tell me, so that I may go within and cheer the old blind man, since our city is still safe.

Messenger After Creon’s son, who gave up his life for his country, had taken his stand on the turret’s top and plunged a dark-hilted sword through his throat to save this land, your son told off seven companies with their captains to the seven gates to keep watch on the Argive warriors, and stationed cavalry to cover cavalry, and infantry to support infantry, so that assistance might be close at hand for any weak point in the walls. Then from our lofty towers we saw the Argive army with their white shields leaving Teumesus, and, when near the trench, they charged up to our Theban city at a run. In one loud burst from their ranks and from our walls rang out the battle-cry and trumpet-call.

Messenger

1104καὶ πρῶτα μὲν προσῆγε Νηίταις πύλαις 1105λόχον πυκναῖσιν ἀσπίσιν πεφρικότα ὁ τῆς κυναγοῦ Παρθενοπαῖος ἔκγονος, ἐπίσημʼ ἔχων οἰκεῖον ἐν μέσῳ σάκει, ἑκηβόλοις τόξοισιν Ἀταλάντην κάπρον χειρουμένην Αἰτωλόν. ἐς δὲ Προιτίδας 1110πύλας ἐχώρει σφάγιʼ ἔχων ἐφʼ ἅρματι ὁ μάντις Ἀμφιάραος, οὐ σημεῖʼ ἔχων ὑβρισμένʼ, ἀλλὰ σωφρόνως ἄσημʼ ὅπλα. Ὠγύγια δʼ ἐς πυλώμαθʼ Ἱππομέδων ἄναξ ἔστειχʼ ἔχων σημεῖον ἐν μέσῳ σάκει 1115στικτοῖς Πανόπτην ὄμμασιν δεδορκότα, τὰ μὲν σὺν ἄστρων ἐπιτολαῖσιν ὄμματα βλέποντα, τὰ δὲ κρύπτοντα δυνόντων μέτα, ὡς ὕστερον θανόντος εἰσορᾶν παρῆν. Ὁμολωίσιν δὲ τάξιν εἶχε πρὸς πύλαις 1120Τυδεύς, λέοντος δέρος ἔχων ἐπʼ ἀσπίδι χαίτῃ πεφρικός· δεξιᾷ δὲ λαμπάδα Τιτὰν Προμηθεὺς ἔφερεν ὡς πρήσων πόλιν. ὁ σὸς δὲ Κρηναίαισι Πολυνείκης πύλαις Ἄρη προσῆγε· Ποτνιάδες δʼ ἐπʼ ἀσπίδι 1125ἐπίσημα πῶλοι δρομάδες ἐσκίρτων φόβῳ, εὖ πως στρόφιγξιν ἔνδοθεν κυκλούμεναι πόρπαχʼ ὑπʼ αὐτόν, ὥστε μαίνεσθαι δοκεῖν. ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἔλασσον Ἄρεος ἐς μάχην φρονῶν Καπανεὺς προσῆγε λόχον ἐπʼ Ἠλέκτραις πύλαις· 1130σιδηρονώτοις δʼ ἀσπίδος τύποις ἐπῆν γίγας ἐπʼ ὤμοις γηγενὴς ὅλην πόλιν φέρων μοχλοῖσιν ἐξανασπάσας βάθρων, ὑπόνοιαν ἡμῖν οἷα πείσεται πόλις. ταῖς δʼ ἑβδόμαις Ἄδραστος ἐν πύλαισιν ἦν, 1135ἑκατὸν ἐχίδναις ἀσπίδʼ ἐκπληρῶν γραφῇ, Ἀργεῖον αὔχημʼ· ἐκ δὲ τειχέων μέσων δράκοντες ἔφερον τέκνα Καδμείων γνάθοις. παρῆν δʼ ἑκάστου τῶνδέ μοι θεάματα 1140ξύνθημα παρφέροντι ποιμέσιν λόχων. καὶ πρῶτα μὲν τόξοισι καὶ μεσαγκύλοις ἐμαρνάμεσθα σφενδόναις θʼ ἑκηβόλοις πετρῶν τʼ ἀραγμοῖς· ὡς δʼ ἐνικῶμεν μάχῃ, ἔκλαγξε Τυδεὺς καὶ σὸς ἐξαίφνης γόνος· 1145ὦ τέκνα Δαναῶν, πρὶν κατεξάνθαι βολαῖς, τί μέλλετʼ ἄρδην πάντες ἐμπίπτειν πύλαις, γυμνῆτες ἱππῆς ἁρμάτων τʼ ἐπιστάται; ἠχῆς δʼ ὅπως ἤκουσαν, οὔτις ἀργὸς ἦν· πολλοὶ δʼ ἔπιπτον κρᾶτας αἱματούμενοι, 1150ἡμῶν τʼ ἐς οὖδας εἶδες ἂν πρὸ τειχέων πυκνοὺς κυβιστητῆρας ἐκπεπνευκότας· ξηρὰν δʼ ἔδευον γαῖαν αἵματος ῥοαῖς.

First to the Neitian gate, Parthenopaeus, son of the huntress, led a company bristling with thick rows of shields, and he had his own device in the centre of his shield: Atalanta slaying the Aetolian boar with an arrow shot from far. To the gates of Proetus came the prophet Amphiaraus, bringing the victims on a chariot; he had no boastful sign, but weapons chastely plain. Next lord Hippomedon came marching to the Ogygian gates with this device in the middle of his shield: Argus the all-seeing dappled with eyes on the watch, some open with the rising stars, others hiding when they set, as could be seen after he was slain. At the Homoloian gates Tydeus had his post, a lion’s skin with shaggy mane upon his shield, while the Titan Prometheus bore a torch in his right hand, to fire the town. Your own Polyneices led the battle against the Fountain gate; upon his shield for a device were the colts of Potniae galloping at frantic speed, revolving by some clever contrivance on pivots by the handle, so as to appear distraught. At Electra’s gate Capaneus brought up his company, bold as Ares for the battle; this device his shield bore upon its iron back: an earth-born giant carrying on his shoulders a whole city which he had wrenched from its base, a hint to us of the fate in store for Thebes. Adrastus was at the seventh gate; a hundred vipers engraved on his shield, the boast of Argos, and serpents were carrying off in their jaws the sons of Thebes from within our very walls. Now I was able to see each of them, as I carried the watch-word along to the leaders of our companies. To begin with, we fought with bows and thonged javelins, with slings that shoot from far and crashing stones; and as we were conquering, Tydeus and your son suddenly cried aloud: You sons of Danaus, before you are torn to pieces by their attack, why delay to fall upon the gates with all your might, light-armed and cavalry and charioteers? No loitering then, soon as they heard that call; and many fell with bloody head, and many of us you could have seen thrown to the earth like tumblers before the walls, breathing their last, bedewing the dry ground with streams of blood.

Ἄγγελος 1153ὁ δʼ Ἀρκάς, οὐκ Ἀργεῖος, Ἀταλάντης γόνος τυφὼς πύλαισιν ὥς τις ἐμπεσὼν βοᾷ 1155πῦρ καὶ δικέλλας, ὡς κατασκάψων πόλιν· ἀλλʼ ἔσχε μαργῶντʼ αὐτὸν ἐναλίου θεοῦ Περικλύμενος παῖς λᾶαν ἐμβαλὼν κάρᾳ ἁμαξοπληθῆ, γεῖσʼ ἐπάλξεων ἄπο· ξανθὸν δὲ κρᾶτα διεπάλυνε καὶ ῥαφὰς 1160ἔρρηξεν ὀστέων, ἄρτι δʼ οἰνωπὸν γένυν καθῃμάτωσεν· οὐδʼ ἀποίσεται βίον τῇ καλλιτόξῳ μητρὶ Μαινάλου κόρῃ. ἐπεὶ δὲ τάσδʼ ἐσεῖδεν εὐτυχεῖς πύλας, ἄλλας ἐπῄει παῖς σός, εἱπόμην δʼ ἐγώ. 1165ὁρῶ δὲ Τυδέα καὶ παρασπιστὰς πυκνοὺς Αἰτωλίσιν λόγχαισιν εἰς ἄκρον στόμα πύργων ἀκοντίζοντας, ὥστʼ ἐπάλξεων λιπεῖν ἐρίπνας φυγάδας· ἀλλά νιν πάλιν κυναγὸς ὡσεὶ παῖς σὸς ἐξαθροίζεται, 1170πύργοις δʼ ἐπέστησʼ αὖθις. ἐς δʼ ἄλλας πύλας ἠπειγόμεσθα, τοῦτο παύσαντες νοσοῦν. Καπανεὺς δὲ πῶς εἴποιμʼ ἂν ὡς ἐμαίνετο; μακραύχενος γὰρ κλίμακος προσαμβάσεις ἔχων ἐχώρει, καὶ τοσόνδʼ ἐκόμπασε, 1175μηδʼ ἂν τὸ σεμνὸν πῦρ νιν εἰργαθεῖν Διὸς τὸ μὴ οὐ κατʼ ἄκρων περγάμων ἑλεῖν πόλιν. καὶ ταῦθʼ ἅμʼ ἠγόρευε καὶ πετρούμενος ἀνεῖρφʼ ὑπʼ αὐτὴν ἀσπίδʼ εἱλίξας δέμας, κλίμακος ἀμείβων ξέστʼ ἐνηλάτων βάθρα. 1180ἤδη δʼ ὑπερβαίνοντα γεῖσα τειχέων βάλλει κεραυνῷ Ζεύς νιν· ἐκτύπησε δὲ χθών, ὥστε δεῖσαι πάντας· ἐκ δὲ κλιμάκων εἱλίσσετʼ· ἐς γῆν δʼ ἔμπυρος πίπτει νεκρός. ὡς δʼ εἶδʼ Ἄδραστος Ζῆνα πολέμιον στρατῷ, ἔξω τάφρου καθῖσεν Ἀργείων στρατόν. οἱ δʼ αὖ παρʼ ἡμῶν δεξιὸν Διὸς τέρας 1190ἰδόντες ἐξήλαυνον ἁρμάτων ὄχους ἱππῆς ὁπλῖται, κἀς μέσʼ Ἀργείων ὅπλα συνῆψαν ἔγχη· πάντα δʼ ἦν ὁμοῦ κακά· ἔθνῃσκον ἐξέπιπτον ἀντύγων ἄπο, τροχοί τʼ ἐπήδων ἄξονές τʼ ἐπʼ ἄξοσι, 1195νεκροὶ δὲ νεκροῖς ἐξεσωρεύονθʼ ὁμοῦ. πύργων μὲν οὖν γῆς ἔσχομεν κατασκαφὰς ἐς τὴν παροῦσαν ἡμέραν· εἰ δʼ εὐτυχὴς ἔσται τὸ λοιπὸν ἥδε γῆ, θεοῖς μέλει· καὶ νῦν γὰρ αὐτὴν δαιμόνων ἔσῳσέ τις. Χορός 1200καλὸν τὸ νικᾶν· εἰ δʼ ἀμείνονʼ οἱ θεοὶ γνώμην ἔχουσιν — εὐτυχὴς εἴην ἐγώ.

Messenger Then Atalanta’s son, who was not an Argive but an Arcadian, hurling himself like a hurricane at the gates, called for fire and picks to raze the town; but Periclymenus, son of the ocean-god, stayed his wild career, heaving on his head a wagon-load of stone, the coping from the battlements; and it shattered his head with yellow hair and crashed through the seams of the skull, dabbling with blood his fresh cheek; and he will never go back alive to his mother with her lovely bow, the maid of Maenalus. Your son then, seeing these gates secure, went on to the next, and I followed him. I saw Tydeus and his thick rows of targeteers hurling their Aetolian spears into the opening at the top of the turrets, so that our men fled and left the battlements; but your son rallied them once more, as a huntsman cheers his hounds, and stationed them at the towers again. And then we hastened to other gates, after stopping the affliction there. As for the madness of Capaneus, how can I describe it? He was going about with a long scaling-ladder, and boasting that even the holy fire of Zeus would not hold him back from giving the city to utter destruction. And even as he spoke, he climbed up beneath the hail of stones, crouched under the shelter of his shield, rung by smooth rung going up the ladder. But, just as he was scaling the parapet of the wall, Zeus smote him with a thunderbolt; the earth re-echoed, and fear seized everyone; for from the ladder he was hurled, spinning; his burning corpse fell to the ground. But when Adrastus saw that Zeus was hostile to his army, he drew the Argive troops outside the trench. Meanwhile our armed cavalry, seeing the lucky omen of Zeus before us, were driving forth their chariots, and the armed men charged with spears into the middle of the Argives, and all troubles happened at once: men were dying, hurled headlong from chariots, wheels flew off, axles crashed together, while the dead were heaped up on the dead. So for to-day we have prevented destruction of the towers of our land; but if this land will be fortunate for the future, that rests with the gods; for even now it owes its safety to some deity.

Chorus Leader Victory is fair; and if the gods are growing kinder, it would be well with me.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.