Aeschylus · Seven against Thebes Ἑπτὰ ἐπὶ Θήβας

Aeschylus, Seven against Thebes 369–456: Second episode: Tydeus and Capaneus at the first two gates

The Scout comes back and reports where the seven chieftains stand. Tydeus is storming the Proetid gates and rages at the seer for holding him back. Eteocles sets Melanippus against him, and then, after the Chorus prays, he answers the Scout's report of Capaneus, a giant who has boasted that even Zeus cannot keep him out of the city, by posting Polyphontes against him and trusting in the thunderbolt of Zeus.

Lines 369–456 · 832 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἡμιχόριον Α 369ὅ τοι κατόπτης, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, στρατοῦ 370πευθώ τινʼ ἡμῖν, ὦ φίλαι, νέαν φέρει, σπουδῇ διώκων πομπίμους χνόας ποδῶν. Ἡμιχόριον Β καὶ μὴν ἄναξ ὅδʼ αὐτὸς Οἰδίπου τόκος εἰς ἀρτίκολλον ἀγγέλου λόγον μαθεῖν· σπουδὴ δὲ καὶ τοῦδʼ οὐκ ἀπαρτίζει πόδα. Ἄγγελος 375λέγοιμʼ ἂν εἰδὼς εὖ τὰ τῶν ἐναντίων, ὥς τʼ ἐν πύλαις ἕκαστος εἴληχεν πάλον. Τυδεὺς μὲν ἤδη πρὸς πύλαισι Προιτίσιν βρέμει, πόρον δʼ Ἰσμηνὸν οὐκ ἐᾷ περᾶν ὁ μάντις· οὐ γὰρ σφάγια γίγνεται καλά. 380Τυδεὺς δὲ μαργῶν καὶ μάχης λελιμμένος μεσημβριναῖς κλαγγαῖσιν ὡς δράκων βοᾷ· θείνει δʼ ὀνείδει μάντιν Οἰκλείδην σοφόν, σαίνειν μόρον τε καὶ μάχην ἀψυχίᾳ. τοιαῦτʼ ἀυτῶν τρεῖς κατασκίους λόφους 385σείει, κράνους χαίτωμʼ, ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος δʼ ἔσω χαλκήλατοι κλάζουσι κώδωνες φόβον· ἔχει δʼ ὑπέρφρον σῆμʼ ἐπʼ ἀσπίδος τόδε, φλέγονθʼ ὑπʼ ἄστροις οὐρανὸν τετυγμένον· λαμπρὰ δὲ πανσέληνος ἐν μέσῳ σάκει, 390πρέσβιστον ἄστρων, νυκτὸς ὀφθαλμός, πρέπει. τοιαῦτʼ ἀλύων ταῖς ὑπερκόμποις σαγαῖς βοᾷ παρʼ ὄχθαις ποταμίαις, μάχης ἐρῶν, ἵππος χαλινῶν ὣς κατασθμαίνων μένει, ὅστις βοὴν σάλπιγγος ὁρμαίνει μένων. 395τίνʼ ἀντιτάξεις τῷδε; τίς Προίτου πυλῶν κλῄθρων λυθέντων προστατεῖν φερέγγυος; Ἐτεοκλής κόσμον μὲν ἀνδρὸς οὔτινʼ ἂν τρέσαιμʼ ἐγώ, οὐδʼ ἑλκοποιὰ γίγνεται τὰ σήματα· λόφοι δὲ κώδων τʼ οὐ δάκνουσʼ ἄνευ δορός. 400καὶ νύκτα ταύτην ἣν λέγεις ἐπʼ ἀσπίδος ἄστροισι μαρμαίρουσαν οὐρανοῦ κυρεῖν, τάχʼ ἂν γένοιτο μάντις ἡ ἀνοία τινί. εἰ γὰρ θανόντι νὺξ ἐπʼ ὀφθαλμοῖς πέσοι, τῷ τοι φέροντι σῆμʼ ὑπέρκομπον τόδε 405γένοιτʼ ἂν ὀρθῶς ἐνδίκως τʼ ἐπώνυμον, καὐτὸς καθʼ αὑτοῦ τήνδʼ ὕβριν μαντεύσεται. ἐγὼ δὲ Τυδεῖ κεδνὸν Ἀστακοῦ τόκον τῶνδʼ ἀντιτάξω προστάτην πυλωμάτων, μάλʼ εὐγενῆ τε καὶ τὸν Αἰσχύνης θρόνον 410τιμῶντα καὶ στυγοῦνθʼ ὑπέρφρονας λόγους. αἰσχρῶν γὰρ ἀργός, μὴ κακὸς δʼ εἶναι φιλεῖ. σπαρτῶν δʼ ἀπʼ ἀνδρῶν, ὧν Ἄρης ἐφείσατο, ῥίζωμʼ ἀνεῖται, κάρτα δʼ ἔστʼ ἐγχώριος, Μελάνιππος· ἔργον δʼ ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ· 415Δίκη δʼ ὁμαίμων κάρτα νιν προστέλλεται εἴργειν τεκούσῃ μητρὶ πολέμιον δόρυ.

LEADER OF THE FIRST HALF-CHORUS The scout, I believe, is bringing some fresh news of the army to us, my friends, since the joints of his legs are hastily speeding as they carry him on his mission.

LEADER OF THE SECOND HALF-CHORUS And, indeed, here is our lord himself, the son of Oedipus, at the right moment to hear the messenger’s report. Haste makes his stride uneven, too.

Scout It is with certain knowledge that I will give my account of the enemy’s actions, how each man according to lot has been posted at the gates. Tydeus is already storming opposite the Proetid gates; but the seer will not allow him to ford the Ismenus because the omens from the sacrifices are not favorable. Yet Tydeus, raging and eager for battle, shouts like a serpent hissing at high noon, and lashes skilled Oecles’ son, with the taunt that he cringes in cowardice before death and battle. With such cries he shakes three overshadowing plumes, his helmet’s mane, while from under his shield, bells forged of bronze therein ring out a fearsome clang. He has this haughty symbol on his shield: a well-crafted sky, ablaze with stars, and the brightness of the full moon shining in the center of the shield, the moon that is the most revered of the stars, the eye of night. Raving so in his arrogant armor, he shouts beside the river-bank, craving battle, like some charger that fiercely champs at the bit as he waits in eagerness for the trumpet’s war-cry. Whom will you send against him? Who will be capable of standing as our champion at the Proetid gate when its bars are loosened?

Eteocles I would not tremble before any mere ornaments on a man. Nor can signs and symbols wound and kill—crests and bell have no bite without the spear. And regarding this "night" which you describe on his shield, sparkling with heaven’s stars—perhaps the folly of it might yield to one some prophetic understanding. For should night fall on this man’s eyes as he dies, then to its bearer this arrogant symbol would prove rightly and justly named; and it is against himself that he will have prophesied this outrageous violence. Now as for me, against Tydeus I will station the trusty son of Astacus as defender of this gate, since he is full noble and reveres the throne of Honor and detests proud speech. He is slow to act disgracefully, and he has no cowardly nature. His race springs from the men sown of the dragon’s teeth, from one of those whom Ares spared, and so Melanippus is truly born of our land. Ares will decide the outcome with a throw of the dice; but Justice, his kin by blood, indeed sends this man forth to keep the enemy spear from the mother that gave him birth.

Chorus

417τὸν ἁμόν νυν ἀντίπαλον εὐτυχεῖν θεοὶ δοῖεν, ὡς δικαίως πόλεως πρόμαχος ὄρνυται· τρέμω δʼ αἱματη- 420φόρους μόρους ὑπὲρ φίλων ὀλομένων ἰδέσθαι.

May the gods grant success to our champion, since he rises up in a just cause, to battle for his city! But I shudder to watch the bloody deaths of men cut down for the sake of their own people.

Ἄγγελος 422τούτῳ μὲν οὕτως εὐτυχεῖν δοῖεν θεοί· Καπανεὺς δʼ ἐπʼ Ἠλέκτραισιν εἴληχεν πύλαις, γίγας ὅδʼ ἄλλος τοῦ πάρος λελεγμένου 425μείζων, ὁ κόμπος δʼ οὐ κατʼ ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖ, πύργοις δʼ ἀπειλεῖ δείνʼ, ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη· θεοῦ τε γὰρ θέλοντος ἐκπέρσειν πόλιν καὶ μὴ θέλοντός φησιν, οὐδὲ τὴν Διὸς ἔριν πέδοι σκήψασαν ἐμποδὼν σχεθεῖν. 430τὰς δʼ ἀστραπάς τε καὶ κεραυνίους βολὰς μεσημβρινοῖσι θάλπεσιν προσῄκασεν· ἔχει δὲ σῆμα γυμνὸν ἄνδρα πυρφόρον, φλέγει δὲ λαμπὰς διὰ χερῶν ὡπλισμένη· χρυσοῖς δὲ φωνεῖ γράμμασιν πρήσω πόλιν. 435τοιῷδε φωτὶ πέμπε—τίς ξυστήσεται, τίς ἄνδρα κομπάζοντα μὴ τρέσας μενεῖ; Ἐτεοκλής καὶ τῷδε κέρδει κέρδος ἄλλο τίκτεται. τῶν τοι ματαίων ἀνδράσιν φρονημάτων ἡ γλῶσσʼ ἀληθὴς γίγνεται κατήγορος· 440Καπανεὺς δʼ ἀπειλεῖ, δρᾶν παρεσκευασμένος, θεοὺς ἀτίζων, κἀπογυμνάζων στόμα χαρᾷ ματαίᾳ θνητὸς ὢν εἰς οὐρανὸν πέμπει γεγωνὰ Ζηνὶ κυμαίνοντʼ ἔπη· πέποιθα δʼ αὐτῷ ξὺν δίκῃ τὸν πυρφόρον 445ἥξειν κεραυνόν, οὐδὲν ἐξῃκασμένον μεσημβρινοῖσι θάλπεσιν τοῖς ἡλίου. ἀνὴρ δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, κεἰ στόμαργός ἐστʼ ἄγαν, αἴθων τέτακται λῆμα, Πολυφόντου βία, φερέγγυον φρούρημα, προστατηρίας 450Ἀρτέμιδος εὐνοίαισι σύν τʼ ἄλλοις θεοῖς. λέγʼ ἄλλον ἄλλαις ἐν πύλαις εἰληχότα.

Scout Yes, may the gods so grant success to this man. Capaneus is stationed at the Electran gates, another giant of a man, greater than the one described before. But his boast is too proud for a mere human, and he makes terrifying threats against our battlements—which, I hope, chance will not fulfil! For he says he will utterly destroy the city with god’s will or without it, and that not even conflict with Zeus, though it should fall before him in the plain, will stand in his way. The god’s lightning and thunderbolts he compares to midday heat. For his shield’s symbol he has a man without armor bearing fire, and the torch, his weapon, blazes in his hands; and in golden letters he says I will burn the city. Against such a man make your dispatch—who will meet him in combat, who will stand firm without trembling before his boasts?

Eteocles Here too gain follows with interest from gain. The tongue proves in the end to be an unerring accuser of men’s wicked thoughts. Capaneus makes his threats, ready to act, irreverent toward the gods, and giving his tongue full exercise in wicked glee, he, though a mere mortal, sends a loud and swollen boast to Zeus in heaven. But I trust that the fire-bearing thunderbolt will justly come to him, and when it comes it will not be anything like the sun’s mid-day heat. And against him, even though he is a big talker, a man of fiery spirit, mighty Polyphontes, is stationed, a dependable sentinel with the good will of guardian Artemis and the other gods. Now tell me about another one allotted to other gates!

Chorus

452ὄλοιθʼ ὃς πόλει μεγάλʼ ἐπεύχεται, κεραυνοῦ δέ νιν βέλος ἐπισχέθοι, πρὶν ἐμὸν ἐσθορεῖν δόμον, πωλικῶν 455θʼ ἑδωλίων ὑπερκόπῳ δορί ποτʼ ἐκλαπάξαι.

Death to him who exults so arrogantly over the city! May the thunderbolt stop him before he leaps into my home and plunders me from my maiden chambers with his outrageous spear!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth (modernised by Perseus) (1922). Original text: Greek text: Herbert Weir Smyth (ed. and trans.), Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1922, as digitised by Perseus. English: Herbert Weir Smyth, Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1922 (Perseus's modernised version of Smyth's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.