Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 4.327–421: Agamemnon rebukes Odysseus and Diomedes

Agamemnon chides Menestheus and Odysseus for standing back, and Odysseus answers sharply, so that Agamemnon takes back his words. He then finds Diomedes by his horses and tells him that his father Tydeus was a better fighter. Diomedes is silent, but Sthenelus answers that they are better men than their fathers because they took Thebes.

Lines 4.327–421 · 1025 words · click a number to copy its link
327εὗρʼ υἱὸν Πετεῶο Μενεσθῆα πλήξιππον ἑσταότʼ· ἀμφὶ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι μήστωρες ἀϋτῆς· αὐτὰρ ὃ πλησίον ἑστήκει πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς, 330πὰρ δὲ Κεφαλλήνων ἀμφὶ στίχες οὐκ ἀλαπαδναὶ ἕστασαν· οὐ γάρ πώ σφιν ἀκούετο λαὸς ἀϋτῆς, ἀλλὰ νέον συνορινόμεναι κίνυντο φάλαγγες Τρώων ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν· οἳ δὲ μένοντες ἕστασαν ὁππότε πύργος Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ἐπελθὼν 335Τρώων ὁρμήσειε καὶ ἄρξειαν πολέμοιο. τοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν νείκεσσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων, καί σφεας φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· ὦ υἱὲ Πετεῶο διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος, καὶ σὺ κακοῖσι δόλοισι κεκασμένε κερδαλεόφρον 340τίπτε καταπτώσσοντες ἀφέστατε, μίμνετε δʼ ἄλλους; σφῶϊν μέν τʼ ἐπέοικε μετὰ πρώτοισιν ἐόντας ἑστάμεν ἠδὲ μάχης καυστείρης ἀντιβολῆσαι· πρώτω γὰρ καὶ δαιτὸς ἀκουάζεσθον ἐμεῖο, ὁππότε δαῖτα γέρουσιν ἐφοπλίζωμεν Ἀχαιοί.

He found Menestheus, driver of horses, son of Peteos, as he stood, and about him were the Athenians, masters of the war-cry. And hard by stood Odysseus of many wiles, and with him the ranks of the Cephallenians, no weakling folk, stood still; for their host had not as yet heard the war-cry, seeing the battalions of the horse-taming Trojans and the Achaeans had but newly bestirred them to move; wherefore these stood, and waited until some other serried battalions of the Achaeans should advance to set upon the Trojans, and begin the battle. At sight of these Agamemnon, king of men, chid them, and spoke, and addressed them with winged words: O son of Peteos, the king nurtured of Zeus, and thou that excellest in evil wiles, thou of crafty mind, why stand ye apart cowering, and wait for others? For you twain were it seemly that ye take your stand amid the foremost, and confront blazing battle; for ye are the first to hear my bidding to the feast, whenso we Achaeans make ready a banquet for the elders.

345ἔνθα φίλʼ ὀπταλέα κρέα ἔδμεναι ἠδὲ κύπελλα οἴνου πινέμεναι μελιηδέος ὄφρʼ ἐθέλητον· νῦν δὲ φίλως χʼ ὁρόῳτε καὶ εἰ δέκα πύργοι Ἀχαιῶν ὑμείων προπάροιθε μαχοίατο νηλέϊ χαλκῷ. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· 350Ἀτρεΐδη ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων; πῶς δὴ φῂς πολέμοιο μεθιέμεν ὁππότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ Τρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα; ὄψεαι αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα καὶ αἴ κέν τοι τὰ μεμήλῃ Τηλεμάχοιο φίλον πατέρα προμάχοισι μιγέντα 355Τρώων ἱπποδάμων· σὺ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀνεμώλια βάζεις. τὸν δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων ὡς γνῶ χωομένοιο· πάλιν δʼ ὅ γε λάζετο μῦθον· διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ οὔτέ σε νεικείω περιώσιον οὔτε κελεύω· 360οἶδα γὰρ ὥς τοι θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισιν ἤπια δήνεα οἶδε· τὰ γὰρ φρονέεις ἅ τʼ ἐγώ περ. ἀλλʼ ἴθι ταῦτα δʼ ὄπισθεν ἀρεσσόμεθʼ εἴ τι κακὸν νῦν εἴρηται, τὰ δὲ πάντα θεοὶ μεταμώνια θεῖεν. ὣς εἰπὼν τοὺς μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ, βῆ δὲ μετʼ ἄλλους.

Then are ye glad to eat roast meat and drink cups of honey-sweet wine as long as ye will. But now would ye gladly behold it, aye if ten serried battalions of the Achaeans were to fight in front of you with the pitiless bronze. Then with an angry glance from beneath his brows Odysseus of many wiles addressed him: Son of Atreus, what a word hath escaped the barrier of thy teeth! How sayest thou that we are slack in battle, whenso we Achaeans rouse keen war against the horse-taming Trojans? Thou shalt see, if so be thou wilt and if thou carest aught therefor, the father of Telemachus mingling with the foremost fighters of the horse-taming Trojans. This that thou sayest is as empty wind. Then lord Agamemnon spake to him with a smile, when he knew that he was wroth, and took back his words: Zeus-born son of Laertes, Odysseus of many wiles, neither do I chide thee overmuch nor urge thee on, for I know that the heart in thy breast knoweth kindly thoughts, seeing thou art minded even as I am. Nay, come, these things will we make good hereafter, if any harsh word hath been spoken now; and may the gods make all to come to naught. So saying he left them there and went to others.

365εὗρε δὲ Τυδέος υἱὸν ὑπέρθυμον Διομήδεα ἑσταότʼ ἔν θʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσι· πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει Σθένελος Καπανήϊος υἱός. καὶ τὸν μὲν νείκεσσεν ἰδὼν κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων, καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· 370ὤ μοι Τυδέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο τί πτώσσεις, τί δʼ ὀπιπεύεις πολέμοιο γεφύρας; οὐ μὲν Τυδέϊ γʼ ὧδε φίλον πτωσκαζέμεν ἦεν, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὸ φίλων ἑτάρων δηΐοισι μάχεσθαι, ὡς φάσαν οἵ μιν ἴδοντο πονεύμενον· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε 375ἤντησʼ οὐδὲ ἴδον· περὶ δʼ ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι. ἤτοι μὲν γὰρ ἄτερ πολέμου εἰσῆλθε Μυκήνας ξεῖνος ἅμʼ ἀντιθέῳ Πολυνείκεϊ λαὸν ἀγείρων· οἳ δὲ τότʼ ἐστρατόωνθʼ ἱερὰ πρὸς τείχεα Θήβης, καί ῥα μάλα λίσσοντο δόμεν κλειτοὺς ἐπικούρους· 380οἳ δʼ ἔθελον δόμεναι καὶ ἐπῄνεον ὡς ἐκέλευον· ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς ἔτρεψε παραίσια σήματα φαίνων. οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ᾤχοντο ἰδὲ πρὸ ὁδοῦ ἐγένοντο, Ἀσωπὸν δʼ ἵκοντο βαθύσχοινον λεχεποίην, ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἀγγελίην ἐπὶ Τυδῆ στεῖλαν Ἀχαιοί.

Then found he the son of Tydeus, Diomedes high of heart, as he stood in his jointed car; and by his side stood Sthenelus, son of Capaneus. At sight of him too lord Agamemnon chid him, and spake and addressed him with winged words: Ah me, thou son of wise-hearted Tydeus, tamer of horses, why cowerest thou, why gazest thou at the dykes of battle? Tydeus of a surety was not wont thus to cower, but far in advance of his comrades to fight against the foe, as they tell who saw him amid the toil of war; for I never met him, neither saw him; but men say that he was pre-eminent over all. Once verily he came to Mycenae, not as an enemy, but as a guest, in company with godlike Polyneices, to gather a host; for in that day they were waging a war against the sacred walls of Thebe, and earnestly did they make prayer that glorious allies be granted them; and the men of Mycenae were minded to grant them, and were assenting even as they bade, but Zeus turned their minds by showing tokens of ill. So when they had departed and were with deep reeds, that coucheth in the grass, there did the Achaeans send forth Tydeus on an embassage.

385αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ, πολέας δὲ κιχήσατο Καδμεΐωνας δαινυμένους κατὰ δῶμα βίης Ἐτεοκληείης. ἔνθʼ οὐδὲ ξεῖνός περ ἐὼν ἱππηλάτα Τυδεὺς τάρβει, μοῦνος ἐὼν πολέσιν μετὰ Καδμείοισιν, ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἀεθλεύειν προκαλίζετο, πάντα δʼ ἐνίκα 390ῥηϊδίως· τοίη οἱ ἐπίρροθος ἦεν Ἀθήνη. οἳ δὲ χολωσάμενοι Καδμεῖοι κέντορες ἵππων ἂψ ἄρʼ ἀνερχομένῳ πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν ἄγοντες κούρους πεντήκοντα· δύω δʼ ἡγήτορες ἦσαν, Μαίων Αἱμονίδης ἐπιείκελος ἀθανάτοισιν, 395υἱός τʼ Αὐτοφόνοιο μενεπτόλεμος Πολυφόντης. Τυδεὺς μὲν καὶ τοῖσιν ἀεικέα πότμον ἐφῆκε· πάντας ἔπεφνʼ, ἕνα δʼ οἶον ἵει οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι· Μαίονʼ ἄρα προέηκε θεῶν τεράεσσι πιθήσας. τοῖος ἔην Τυδεὺς Αἰτώλιος· ἀλλὰ τὸν υἱὸν 400γείνατο εἷο χέρεια μάχῃ, ἀγορῇ δέ τʼ ἀμείνω.

And he went his way, and found the many sons of Cadmus feasting in the house of mighty Eteocles. Then, for all he was a stranger, the horseman Tydeus feared not, all alone though he was amid the many Cadmeians, but challenged them all to feats of strength and in every one vanquished he them full easily; such a helper was Athene to him. But the Cadmeians, goaders of horses, waxed wroth, and as he journeyed back, brought and set a strong ambush, even fifty youths, and two there were as leaders, Maeon, son of Haemon, peer of the immortals, and Autophonus' son, Polyphontes, staunch in fight. But Tydeus even upon these let loose a shameful fate, and slew them all; one only man suffered he to return home; Maeon he sent forth in obedience to the portents of the gods. Such a man was Tydeus of Aetolia; howbeit the son that he begat is worse than he in battle, though in the place of gathering he is better.

401ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης αἰδεσθεὶς βασιλῆος ἐνιπὴν αἰδοίοιο· τὸν δʼ υἱὸς Καπανῆος ἀμείψατο κυδαλίμοιο· Ἀτρεΐδη μὴ ψεύδεʼ ἐπιστάμενος σάφα εἰπεῖν· 405ἡμεῖς τοι πατέρων μέγʼ ἀμείνονες εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι· ἡμεῖς καὶ Θήβης ἕδος εἵλομεν ἑπταπύλοιο παυρότερον λαὸν ἀγαγόνθʼ ὑπὸ τεῖχος ἄρειον, πειθόμενοι τεράεσσι θεῶν καὶ Ζηνὸς ἀρωγῇ· κεῖνοι δὲ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο· 410τὼ μή μοι πατέρας ποθʼ ὁμοίῃ ἔνθεο τιμῇ. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης· τέττα, σιωπῇ ἧσο, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπιπείθεο μύθῳ· οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ νεμεσῶ Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν ὀτρύνοντι μάχεσθαι ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς· 415τούτῳ μὲν γὰρ κῦδος ἅμʼ ἕψεται εἴ κεν Ἀχαιοὶ Τρῶας δῃώσωσιν ἕλωσί τε Ἴλιον ἱρήν, τούτῳ δʼ αὖ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιῶν δῃωθέντων. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ νῶϊ μεδώμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς. ἦ ῥα καὶ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε· 420δεινὸν δʼ ἔβραχε χαλκὸς ἐπὶ στήθεσσιν ἄνακτος ὀρνυμένου· ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν.

So he spake, and stalwart Diomedes answered him not a word, but had respect to the reproof of the king revered. But the son of glorious Capaneus made answer. Son of Atreus, utter not lies, when thou knowest how to speak truly. We declare ourselves to be better men by far than our fathers: we took the seat of Thebe of the seven gates, when we twain had gathered a lesser host against a stronger wall, putting our trust in the portents of the gods and in the aid of Zeus; whereas they perished through their own blind folly. Wherefore I bid thee put not our fathers in like honour with us. Then with an angry glance from beneath his brows stalwart Diomedes addressed him: Good friend, abide in silence, and hearken to my word. I count it not shame that Agamemnon, shepherd of the host, should urge on to battle the well-greaved Achaeans; for upon him will great glory attend if the Achaeans shall slay the Trojans and take sacred Ilios, and upon him likewise will fall great sorrow, if the Achaeans be slain. Nay, come, let us twain also bethink us of furious valour. He spake, and leapt in his armour from his chariot to the ground, and terribly rang the bronze upon the breast of the prince as he moved; thereat might terror have seized even one that was steadfast of heart.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.