Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 4.220–326: Agamemnon inspects the Achaean ranks

As the Trojans advance, Agamemnon goes through the ranks, praising the men who are eager and rebuking those who hang back. He commends Idomeneus, who promises his support, and encourages the two Ajaxes. Nestor tells of his younger days and bids the charioteers keep their ranks.

Lines 4.220–326 · 1195 words · click a number to copy its link
220ὄφρα τοὶ ἀμφεπένοντο βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον, τόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων στίχες ἤλυθον ἀσπιστάων· οἳ δʼ αὖτις κατὰ τεύχεʼ ἔδυν, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης. ἔνθʼ οὐκ ἂν βρίζοντα ἴδοις Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον οὐδὲ καταπτώσσοντʼ οὐδʼ οὐκ ἐθέλοντα μάχεσθαι, 225ἀλλὰ μάλα σπεύδοντα μάχην ἐς κυδιάνειραν. ἵππους μὲν γὰρ ἔασε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλα χαλκῷ· καὶ τοὺς μὲν θεράπων ἀπάνευθʼ ἔχε φυσιόωντας Εὐρυμέδων υἱὸς Πτολεμαίου Πειραΐδαο· τῷ μάλα πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλε παρισχέμεν ὁππότε κέν μιν 230γυῖα λάβῃ κάματος πολέας διὰ κοιρανέοντα· αὐτὰρ ὃ πεζὸς ἐὼν ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν· καί ῥʼ οὓς μὲν σπεύδοντας ἴδοι Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων, τοὺς μάλα θαρσύνεσκε παριστάμενος ἐπέεσσιν· Ἀργεῖοι μή πώ τι μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς· 235οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ ψευδέσσι πατὴρ Ζεὺς ἔσσετʼ ἀρωγός, ἀλλʼ οἵ περ πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσαντο τῶν ἤτοι αὐτῶν τέρενα χρόα γῦπες ἔδονται, ἡμεῖς αὖτʼ ἀλόχους τε φίλας καὶ νήπια τέκνα ἄξομεν ἐν νήεσσιν, ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν.

While they were thus busied with Menelaus, good at the war-cry, meanwhile the ranks of the shield-bearing Trojans came on; and the Achaeans again did on their battle-gear, and bethought them of war. Then wouldst thou not have seen goodly Agamemnon slumbering, nor cowering, nor with no heart for fight, but full eager for battle where men win glory. His horses and his chariot adorned with bronze he let be, and his squire, Eurymedon, son of Peiraeus' son Ptolemaeus, kept the snorting steeds withdrawn apart; and straitly did Agamemnon charge him to have them at hand, whenever weariness should come upon his limbs, as he gave commands throughout all the host; but he himself ranged on foot through the ranks of warriors. And whomsoever of the Danaans with swift steeds he saw eager, to these would he draw nigh, and hearten them earnestly, saying: Ye Argives, relax ye no whit of your furious valour; for father Zeus will be no helper of lies; nay, they that were the first to work violence in defiance of their oaths, their tender flesh of a surety shall vultures devour, and we shall bear away in our ships their dear wives and little children, when we shall have taken their citadel.

240οὕς τινας αὖ μεθιέντας ἴδοι στυγεροῦ πολέμοιο, τοὺς μάλα νεικείεσκε χολωτοῖσιν ἐπέεσσιν· Ἀργεῖοι ἰόμωροι ἐλεγχέες οὔ νυ σέβεσθε; τίφθʼ οὕτως ἔστητε τεθηπότες ἠΰτε νεβροί, αἵ τʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον πολέος πεδίοιο θέουσαι 245ἑστᾶσʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα τίς σφι μετὰ φρεσὶ γίγνεται ἀλκή· ὣς ὑμεῖς ἔστητε τεθηπότες οὐδὲ μάχεσθε. ἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν ἔνθά τε νῆες εἰρύατʼ εὔπρυμνοι πολιῆς ἐπὶ θινὶ θαλάσσης, ὄφρα ἴδητʼ αἴ κʼ ὔμμιν ὑπέρσχῃ χεῖρα Κρονίων; 250ὣς ὅ γε κοιρανέων ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν· ἦλθε δʼ ἐπὶ Κρήτεσσι κιὼν ἀνὰ οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν. οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἰδομενῆα δαΐφρονα θωρήσσοντο· Ἰδομενεὺς μὲν ἐνὶ προμάχοις συῒ εἴκελος ἀλκήν, Μηριόνης δʼ ἄρα οἱ πυμάτας ὄτρυνε φάλαγγας. 255τοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν γήθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων, αὐτίκα δʼ Ἰδομενῆα προσηύδα μειλιχίοισιν· Ἰδομενεῦ περὶ μέν σε τίω Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων ἠμὲν ἐνὶ πτολέμῳ ἠδʼ ἀλλοίῳ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ ἠδʼ ἐν δαίθʼ, ὅτε πέρ τε γερούσιον αἴθοπα οἶνον 260Ἀργείων οἳ ἄριστοι ἐνὶ κρητῆρι κέρωνται.

And whomsoever again he saw holding back from hateful war, them would he chide roundly with angry words: Ye Argives that rage with the bow, ye men of dishonour, have ye no shame? Why is it that ye stand thus dazed, like fawns that, when they have grown weary with running over a wide plain, stand still, and in their hearts is no valour found at all? Even so ye stand dazed and fight not. Is it that ye wait for the Trojans to come near where your ships with stately sterns are drawn up on the shore of the grey sea, that ye may know if haply the son of Cronos will stretch forth his arm over you? Thus ranged he giving his commands through the ranks of warriors; and he came to the Cretans as he fared through the throng of men. These were arming them for war around wise-hearted Idomeneus; and Idomeneus stood amid the foremost fighters like a wild boar in valour, while Meriones was speeding on the hindmost battalions. At sight of them Agamemnon, king of men, waxed glad, and forthwith he spake to Idomeneus with gentle words: Idomeneus, beyond all the Danaans with swift steeds do I show honour to thee both in war and in tasks of other sort, and at the feast, when the chieftains of the Argives let mingle in the bowl the flaming wine of the elders.

261εἴ περ γάρ τʼ ἄλλοι γε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ δαιτρὸν πίνωσιν, σὸν δὲ πλεῖον δέπας αἰεὶ ἕστηχʼ, ὥς περ ἐμοί, πιέειν ὅτε θυμὸς ἀνώγοι. ἀλλʼ ὄρσευ πόλεμον δʼ οἷος πάρος εὔχεαι εἶναι. 265τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα· Ἀτρεΐδη μάλα μέν τοι ἐγὼν ἐρίηρος ἑταῖρος ἔσσομαι, ὡς τὸ πρῶτον ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα· ἀλλʼ ἄλλους ὄτρυνε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς ὄφρα τάχιστα μαχώμεθʼ, ἐπεὶ σύν γʼ ὅρκιʼ ἔχευαν 270Τρῶες· τοῖσιν δʼ αὖ θάνατος καὶ κήδεʼ ὀπίσσω ἔσσετʼ ἐπεὶ πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσαντο. ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ παρῴχετο γηθόσυνος κῆρ· ἦλθε δʼ ἐπʼ Αἰάντεσσι κιὼν ἀνὰ οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν· τὼ δὲ κορυσσέσθην, ἅμα δὲ νέφος εἵπετο πεζῶν. 275ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπὸ σκοπιῆς εἶδεν νέφος αἰπόλος ἀνὴρ ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑπὸ Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς· τῷ δέ τʼ ἄνευθεν ἐόντι μελάντερον ἠΰτε πίσσα φαίνετʼ ἰὸν κατὰ πόντον, ἄγει δέ τε λαίλαπα πολλήν, ῥίγησέν τε ἰδών, ὑπό τε σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα· 280τοῖαι ἅμʼ Αἰάντεσσι διοτρεφέων αἰζηῶν δήϊον ἐς πόλεμον πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες κυάνεαι, σάκεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι.

For even though the other long-haired Achaeans drink an allotted portion, thy cup standeth ever full, even as for mine own self, to drink whensoever thy heart biddeth thee. Come, rouse thee for battle, such a one as of old thou declaredst thyself to be. To him then Idomeneus, leader of the Cretans, made answer, saying: Son of Atreus, of a surety will I be to thee a trusty comrade, even as at the first I promised and gave my pledge; but do thou urge on the other long-haired Achaeans that we may fight with speed, seeing the Trojans have made of none effect our oaths. Death and woes shall hereafter be their lot, for that they were the first to work violence in defiance of the oaths. So spake he, and the son of Atreus passed on, glad at heart, and came to the Aiantes as he fared through the throng of warriors; these were arming them for battle, and a cloud of footmen followed with them. Even as when from some place of outlook a goatherd seeth a cloud coming over the face of the deep before the blast of the West Wind, and to him being afar off it seemeth blacker than pitch as it passeth over the face of the deep, and it bringeth a mighty whirlwind; and he shuddereth at sight of it, and driveth his flock beneath a cave; even in such wise by the side of the Aiantes did the thick battalions of youths, nurtured of Zeus, move into furious war—dark battalions, bristling with shields and spears.

283καὶ τοὺς μὲν γήθησεν ἰδὼν κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων, καί σφεας φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· 285Αἴαντʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορε χαλκοχιτώνων, σφῶϊ μέν· οὐ γὰρ ἔοικʼ ὀτρυνέμεν· οὔ τι κελεύω· αὐτὼ γὰρ μάλα λαὸν ἀνώγετον ἶφι μάχεσθαι. αἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον τοῖος πᾶσιν θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γένοιτο· 290τώ κε τάχʼ ἠμύσειε πόλις Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος χερσὶν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσιν ἁλοῦσά τε περθομένη τε. ὣς εἰπὼν τοὺς μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ, βῆ δὲ μετʼ ἄλλους· ἔνθʼ ὅ γε Νέστορʼ ἔτετμε λιγὺν Πυλίων ἀγορητὴν οὓς ἑτάρους στέλλοντα καὶ ὀτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι 295ἀμφὶ μέγαν Πελάγοντα Ἀλάστορά τε Χρομίον τε Αἵμονά τε κρείοντα Βίαντά τε ποιμένα λαῶν· ἱππῆας μὲν πρῶτα σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφι, πεζοὺς δʼ ἐξόπιθε στῆσεν πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς ἕρκος ἔμεν πολέμοιο· κακοὺς δʼ ἐς μέσσον ἔλασσεν, 300ὄφρα καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλων τις ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζοι.

At sight of these lord Agamemnon waxed glad, and he spake and addressed them with winged words: Ye Aiantes, leaders of the brazen-coated Argives, to you twain, for it beseemeth not to urge you, I give no charge; for of yourselves ye verily bid your people fight amain. I would, O father Zeus and Athene and Apollo, that such spirit as yours might be found in the breasts of all; then would the city of king Priam forthwith bow her head, taken and laid waste beneath our hands. So saying, he left them there and went to others. Then found he Nestor, the clear-voiced orator of the Pylians, arraying his comrades and urging them to fight, around mighty Pelagon and Alastor and Chromius and lord Haemon and Bias, shepherd of the host. The charioteers first he arrayed with their horses and cars, and behind them the footmen, many and valiant, to be a bulwark of battle; but the cowards he drave into the midst, that were he never so loath each man must needs fight perforce.

301ἱππεῦσιν μὲν πρῶτʼ ἐπετέλλετο· τοὺς γὰρ ἀνώγει σφοὺς ἵππους ἐχέμεν μηδὲ κλονέεσθαι ὁμίλῳ· μηδέ τις ἱπποσύνῃ τε καὶ ἠνορέηφι πεποιθὼς οἶος πρόσθʼ ἄλλων μεμάτω Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι, 305μηδʼ ἀναχωρείτω· ἀλαπαδνότεροι γὰρ ἔσεσθε. ὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ ὧν ὀχέων ἕτερʼ ἅρμαθʼ ἵκηται ἔγχει ὀρεξάσθω, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερον οὕτω. ὧδε καὶ οἱ πρότεροι πόλεας καὶ τείχεʼ ἐπόρθεον τόνδε νόον καὶ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔχοντες. 310ὣς ὃ γέρων ὄτρυνε πάλαι πολέμων ἐῢ εἰδώς· καὶ τὸν μὲν γήθησεν ἰδὼν κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων, καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· ὦ γέρον εἴθʼ ὡς θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισιν ὥς τοι γούναθʼ ἕποιτο, βίη δέ τοι ἔμπεδος εἴη· 315ἀλλά σε γῆρας τείρει ὁμοίϊον· ὡς ὄφελέν τις ἀνδρῶν ἄλλος ἔχειν, σὺ δὲ κουροτέροισι μετεῖναι. τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· Ἀτρεΐδη μάλα μέν τοι ἐγὼν ἐθέλοιμι καὶ αὐτὸς ὣς ἔμεν ὡς ὅτε δῖον Ἐρευθαλίωνα κατέκταν. 320ἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἅμα πάντα θεοὶ δόσαν ἀνθρώποισιν· εἰ τότε κοῦρος ἔα νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἱππεῦσι μετέσσομαι ἠδὲ κελεύσω βουλῇ καὶ μύθοισι· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ γερόντων. αἰχμὰς δʼ αἰχμάσσουσι νεώτεροι, οἵ περ ἐμεῖο 325ὁπλότεροι γεγάασι πεποίθασίν τε βίηφιν. ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ παρῴχετο γηθόσυνος κῆρ.

Upon the charioteers was he first laying charge, and he bade them keep their horses in hand, nor drive tumultuously on amid the throng. Neither let any man, trusting in his horsemanship and his valour, be eager to fight with the Trojans alone in front of the rest, nor yet let him draw back; for so will ye be the feebler. But what man soe'er from his own car can come at a car of the foe, let him thrust forth with his spear, since verily it is far better so. Thus also did men of olden time lay waste cities and walls, having in their breasts mind and spirit such as this. So was the old man urging them on, having knowledge of battles from of old. At sight of him lord Agamemnon waxed glad, and he spake, and addressed him with winged words: Old Sir, I would that even as is the spirit in thy breast, so thy limbs might obey, and thy strength be firm. But evil old age presseth hard upon thee; would that some other among the warriors had thy years, and that thou wert among the youths. To him then made answer the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia: Son of Atreus, verily I myself could wish that I were such a one as on the day when I slew goodly Ereuthalion. But in no wise do the gods grant to men all things at one time. As I was then a youth, so now doth old age attend me. Yet even so will I abide among the charioteers and urge them on by counsel and by words; for that is the office of elders. Spears shall the young men wield who are more youthful than I and have confidence in their strength. So spake he, and the son of Atreus passed on glad at heart.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.