Euripides · Iphigenia at Aulis Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Αὐλίδι

Euripides, Iphigenia at Aulis 1532–1629: Exodos: the messenger reports the sacrifice and the substituted deer

A messenger calls Clytemnestra out of the tent to hear a strange and marvellous story about her child. He tells how Iphigenia was led to the grove of Artemis and offered herself bravely, how Calchas laid his sword in the golden basket and Achilles ran round the altar with the lustral water. At the moment of the blow the maiden vanished and a great deer lay dead in her place, and Agamemnon then confirms that Iphigenia has gone to the gods.

Lines 1532–1629 · 927 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἄγγελος 1532ὦ Τυνδαρεία παῖ, Κλυταιμήστρα, δόμων ἔξω πέρασον, ὡς κλύῃς ἐμῶν λόγων. Κλυταιμήστρα φθογγῆς κλύουσα δεῦρο σῆς ἀφικόμην, 1535ταρβοῦσα τλήμων κἀκπεπληγμένη φόβῳ· μή μοί τινʼ ἄλλην ξυμφορὰν ἥκεις φέρων πρὸς τῇ παρούσῃ; Ἄγγελος σῆς μὲν οὖν παιδὸς πέρι θαυμαστά σοι καὶ δεινὰ σημῆναι θέλω. Κλυταιμήστρα μὴ μέλλε τοίνυν, ἀλλὰ φράζʼ ὅσον τάχος. Ἄγγελος 1540ἀλλʼ, ὦ φίλη δέσποινα, πᾶν πεύσῃ σαφῶς. λέξω δʼ ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς, ἤν τι μὴ σφαλεῖσά μου γνώμη ταράξῃ γλῶσσαν ἐν λόγοις ἐμήν. ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἱκόμεσθα τῆς Διὸς κόρης Ἀρτέμιδος ἄλσος λείμακάς τʼ ἀνθεσφόρους, 1545ἵνʼ ἦν Ἀχαιῶν σύλλογος στρατεύματος, σὴν παῖδʼ ἄγοντες, εὐθὺς Ἀργείων ὄχλος ἠθροίζεθʼ. ὡς δʼ ἐσεῖδεν Ἀγαμέμνων ἄναξ ἐπὶ σφαγὰς στείχουσαν εἰς ἄλσος κόρην, ἀνεστέναξε, κἄμπαλιν στρέψας κάρα 1550δάκρυε, πρόσθεν ὀμμάτων πέπλον προθείς. ἣ δὲ σταθεῖσα τῷ τεκόντι πλησίον ἔλεξε τοιάδʼ· Ὦ πάτερ, πάρειμί σοι· τοὐμὸν δὲ σῶμα τῆς ἐμῆς ὑπὲρ πάτρας καὶ τῆς ἁπάσης Ἑλλάδος γαίας ὕπερ 1555θῦσαι δίδωμʼ ἑκοῦσα πρὸς βωμὸν θεᾶς ἄγοντας, εἴπερ ἐστὶ θέσφατον τόδε. καὶ τοὐπʼ ἔμʼ εὐτυχεῖτε· καὶ νικηφόρου δώρου τύχοιτε πατρίδα τʼ ἐξίκοισθε γῆν. πρὸς ταῦτα μὴ ψαύσῃ τις Ἀργείων ἐμοῦ· 1560σιγῇ παρέξω γὰρ δέρην εὐκαρδίως. τοσαῦτʼ ἔλεξε· πᾶς δʼ ἐθάμβησεν κλύων εὐψυχίαν τε κἀρετὴν τῆς παρθένου. στὰς δʼ ἐν μέσῳ Ταλθύβιος, ᾧ τόδʼ ἦν μέλον, εὐφημίαν ἀνεῖπε καὶ σιγὴν στρατῷ· 1565Κάλχας δʼ ὁ μάντις ἐς κανοῦν χρυσήλατον ἔθηκεν ὀξὺ χειρὶ φάσγανον σπάσας κολεῶν ἔσωθεν, κρᾶτά τʼ ἔστεψεν κόρης. ὁ παῖς δʼ ὁ Πηλέως ἐν κύκλῳ βωμὸν θεᾶς λαβὼν κανοῦν ἔβρεξε χέρνιβάς θʼ ὁμοῦ, 1570ἔλεξε δʼ· Ὦ παῖ Ζηνός, ὦ θηροκτόνε, τὸ λαμπρὸν εἱλίσσουσʼ ἐν εὐφρόνῃ φάος, δέξαι τὸ θῦμα τόδʼ ὅ γέ σοι δωρούμεθα στρατός τʼ Ἀχαιῶν Ἀγαμέμνων ἄναξ θʼ ὁμοῦ, ἄχραντον αἷμα καλλιπαρθένου δέρης, 1575καὶ δὸς γενέσθαι πλοῦν νεῶν ἀπήμονα Τροίας τε πέργαμʼ ἐξελεῖν ἡμᾶς δορί. ἐς γῆν δʼ Ἀτρεῖδαι πᾶς στρατός τʼ ἔστη βλέπων.

Messenger Come forth, O Clytemnestra, daughter of Tyndareus, from the tent, to hear my news.

Clytemnestra I heard your voice and have come in sad dismay and fearful dread, not sure but what you have arrived with tidings of some fresh trouble for me besides the present woe.

Messenger No, rather I want to unfold to you a strange and marvellous story about your child.

Clytemnestra Do not delay, then, but speak at once.

Messenger Dear mistress, you shall learn all clearly; from the outset will I tell it, unless my memory fails me somewhat and confuses my tongue in its account. As soon as we reached the grove of Artemis, the child of Zeus, and the flowery meadows, where the Achaean troops were gathered, bringing your daughter with us, at once the Argive army began assembling; but when king Agamemnon saw the maiden on her way to the grove to be sacrificed, he gave one groan, and, turning away his face, let the tears burst from his eyes, as he held his robe before them. But the maid, standing close by her father, spoke thus: O my father, here I am; willingly I offer my body for my country and all Hellas, that you may lead me to the altar of the goddess and sacrifice me, since this is Heaven’s ordinance. May good luck be yours for any help that I afford! and may you obtain the victor’s gift and come again to the land of your fathers. So then let none of the Argives lay hands on me, for I will bravely yield my neck without a word. She spoke; and each man marvelled, as he heard the maiden’s brave speech. But in the midst Talthybius stood up, for this was his duty, and bade the army refrain from word or deed; and Calchas, the seer, drawing a sharp sword from its scabbard laid it in a basket of beaten gold, and crowned the maiden’s head. Then the son of Peleus, taking the basket and with it lustral water in his hand, ran round the altar of the goddess uttering these words: O Artemis, you child of Zeus, slayer of wild beasts, that wheel your dazzling light amid the gloom, accept this sacrifice which we, the army of the Achaeans and Agamemnon with us, offer to you, pure blood from a beautiful maiden’s neck; and grant us safe sailing for our ships and the sack of Troy’s towers by our spears. Meanwhile the sons of Atreus and all the army stood looking on the ground.

Ἄγγελος 1578ἱερεὺς δὲ φάσγανον λαβὼν ἐπεύξατο, λαιμόν τʼ ἐπεσκοπεῖθʼ, ἵνα πλήξειεν ἄν· 1580ἐμοὶ δέ τʼ ἄλγος οὐ μικρὸν εἰσῄει φρενί, κἄστην νενευκώς· θαῦμα δʼ ἦν αἴφνης ὁρᾶν. πληγῆς κτύπον γὰρ πᾶς τις ᾔσθετʼ ἂν σαφῶς, τὴν παρθένον δʼ οὐκ εἶδεν οὗ γῆς εἰσέδυ. βοᾷ δʼ ἱερεύς, ἅπας δʼ ἐπήχησε στρατός, 1585ἄελπτον εἰσιδόντες ἐκ θεῶν τινος φάσμʼ, οὗ γε μηδʼ ὁρωμένου πίστις παρῆν· ἔλαφος γὰρ ἀσπαίρουσʼ ἔκειτʼ ἐπὶ χθονὶ ἰδεῖν μεγίστη διαπρεπής τε τὴν θέαν, ἧς αἵματι βωμὸς ἐραίνετʼ ἄρδην τῆς θεοῦ. 1590κἀν τῷδε Κάλχας πῶς δοκεῖς χαίρων ἔφη· Ὦ τοῦδʼ Ἀχαιῶν κοίρανοι κοινοῦ στρατοῦ, ὁρᾶτε τήνδε θυσίαν, ἣν ἡ θεὸς προύθηκε βωμίαν, ἔλαφον ὀρειδρόμον; ταύτην μάλιστα τῆς κόρης ἀσπάζεται, 1595ὡς μὴ μιάνῃ βωμὸν εὐγενεῖ φόνῳ. ἡδέως τε τοῦτʼ ἐδέξατο, καὶ πλοῦν οὔριον δίδωσιν ἡμῖν Ἰλίου τʼ ἐπιδρομάς. πρὸς ταῦτα πᾶς τις θάρσος αἶρε ναυβάτης, χώρει τε πρὸς ναῦν· ὡς ἡμέρᾳ τῇδε δεῖ 1600λιπόντας ἡμᾶς Αὐλίδος κοίλους μυχοὺς Αἴγαιον οἶδμα διαπερᾶν. ἐπεὶ δʼ ἅπαν κατηνθρακώθη θῦμʼ ἐν Ἡφαίστου φλογί, τὰ πρόσφορʼ ηὔξαθʼ, ὡς τύχοι νόστου στρατός. πέμπει δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων μʼ ὥστε σοι φράσαι τάδε, 1605λέγειν θʼ ὁποίας ἐκ θεῶν μοίρας κυρεῖ καὶ δόξαν ἔσχεν ἄφθιτον καθʼ Ἑλλάδα. ἐγὼ παρὼν δὲ καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμʼ ὁρῶν λέγω· ἡ παῖς σαφῶς σοι πρὸς θεοὺς ἀφίπτατο. λύπης δʼ ἀφαίρει καὶ πόσει πάρες χόλον· 1610ἀπροσδόκητα δὲ βροτοῖς τὰ τῶν θεῶν, σώζουσί θʼ οὓς φιλοῦσιν. ἦμαρ γὰρ τόδε θανοῦσαν εἶδε καὶ βλέπουσαν παῖδα σήν. Χορός ὡς ἥδομαί τοι ταῦτʼ ἀκούσασʼ ἀγγέλου· ζῶν δʼ ἐν θεοῖσι σὸν μένειν φράζει τέκος.

Messenger But the priest, seizing his knife, offered up a prayer and was closely scanning the maiden’s throat to see where he should strike. It was no slight sorrow filled my heart, as I stood by with bowed head; when there was a sudden miracle! Each one of us distinctly heard the sound of a blow, but none saw the spot where the maiden vanished. The priest cried out, and all the army took up the cry at the sight of a marvel all unlooked for, due to some god’s agency, and passing all belief, although it was seen; for there upon the ground lay a deer of immense size, magnificent to see, gasping out her life, with whose blood the altar of the goddess was thoroughly bedewed. Then spoke Calchas thus—his joy you can imagine—You captains of this leagued Achaean army, do you see this victim, which the goddess has set before her altar, a mountain-roaming deer? This is more welcome to her by far than the maid, that she may not defile her altar by shedding noble blood. Gladly she has accepted it, and is granting us a prosperous voyage for our attack on Ilium. Therefore take heart, sailors, each man of you, and away to your ships, for today we must leave the hollow bays of Aulis and cross the Aegean main. Then, when the sacrifice was wholly burnt to ashes in the blazing flame, he offered such prayers as were fitting, that the army might win return; but Agamemnon sends me to tell you this, and say what heaven-sent luck is his, and how he has secured undying fame throughout the length of Hellas. Now I was there myself and speak as an eyewitness; without a doubt your child flew away to the gods. A truce then to your sorrowing, and cease to be angry with your husband; for the gods’ ways with man are not what we expect, and those whom they love, they keep safe; yes, for this day has seen your daughter dead and living.

Chorus Leader What joy to hear these tidings from the messenger! He tells you your child is living still, among the gods.

Κλυταιμήστρα 1615ὦ παῖ, θεῶν τοῦ κλέμμα γέγονας; πῶς σε προσείπω; πῶς δʼ οὐ φῶ παραμυθεῖσθαι τούσδε μάτην μύθους, ὥς σου πένθους λυγροῦ παυσαίμαν; Χορός καὶ μὴν Ἀγαμέμνων ἄναξ στείχει, 1620τούσδʼ αὐτοὺς ἔχων σοι φράζειν μύθους.

Clytemnestra Which of the gods, my child, has stolen you? How am I to address you? How can I be sure that this is not an idle tale told to cheer me, to make me cease my piteous lamentation for you?

Chorus See! king Agamemnon approaches, to confirm this story for you.

Agamemnon

1621γύναι, θυγατρὸς ἕνεκʼ ὄλβιοι γενοίμεθʼ ἄν· ἔχει γὰρ ὄντως ἐν θεοῖς ὁμιλίαν. χρὴ δέ σε λαβοῦσαν τόνδε μόσχον νεαγενῆ στείχειν πρὸς οἴκους· ὡς στρατὸς πρὸς πλοῦν ὁρᾷ. 1625καὶ χαῖρε· χρόνια γε τἀμά σοι προσφθέγματα Τροίηθεν ἔσται. καὶ γένοιτό σοι καλῶς.

Lady, we may be counted happy, as far as concerns our daughter; for in truth she has fellowship with gods. But you must take this tender child and start for home, for the army is looking now to sail. Fare you well! it is long before I shall greet you on my return from Troy; may it be well with you!

Chorus

1627χαίρων, Ἀτρείδη, γῆν ἱκοῦ Φρυγίαν, χαίρων δʼ ἐπάνηκε, κάλλιστά μοι σκῦλʼ ἀπὸ Τροίας ἑλών.

Son of Atreus, start for Phrygia’s land with joy and so return, I pray, after taking from Troy her fairest spoils.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.