Euripides · Iphigenia at Aulis Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Αὐλίδι

Euripides, Iphigenia at Aulis 1–48: Prologue: Agamemnon and the old servant before dawn

Agamemnon calls an old servant out of his tent before dawn, when the sea is calm and the winds are hushed, and says that he envies those who live in obscurity rather than those in high office. The old servant answers that a chief must take joy and sorrow alike, and tells him that he has seen him writing a letter and erasing it. He asks him to share his trouble, and reminds him that Tyndareus sent him as part of Clytemnestra's dowry.

Lines 1–48 · 368 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἀγαμέμνων 1Ὦ πρέσβυ, δόμων τῶνδε πάροιθεν στεῖχε. Πρεσβύτης στείχω. τί δὲ καινουργεῖς, Ἀγάμεμνον ἄναξ; Ἀγαμέμνων σπεύσεις; Πρεσβύτης σπεύδω. μάλα τοι γῆρας τοὐμὸν ἄυπνον 5καὶ ἐπʼ ὀφθαλμοῖς ὀξὺ πάρεστιν. Ἀγαμέμνων τίς ποτʼ ἄρʼ ἀστὴρ ὅδε πορθμεύει; Πρεσβύτης Σείριος ἐγγὺς τῆς ἑπταπόρου Πλειάδος ᾄσσων ἔτι μεσσήρης. Ἀγαμέμνων οὔκουν φθόγγος γʼ οὔτʼ ὀρνίθων 10οὔτε θαλάσσης· σιγαὶ δʼ ἀνέμων τόνδε κατʼ Εὔριπον ἔχουσιν. Πρεσβύτης τί δὲ σὺ σκηνῆς ἐκτὸς ἀίσσεις, Ἀγάμεμνον ἄναξ; ἔτι δʼ ἡσυχία τῇδε κατʼ Αὖλιν 15καὶ ἀκίνητοι φυλακαὶ τειχέων. στείχωμεν ἔσω. Ἀγαμέμνων ζηλῶ σέ, γέρον, ζηλῶ δʼ ἀνδρῶν ὃς ἀκίνδυνον βίον ἐξεπέρασʼ ἀγνὼς ἀκλεής· τοὺς δʼ ἐν τιμαῖς ἧσσον ζηλῶ. Πρεσβύτης 20καὶ μὴν τὸ καλόν γʼ ἐνταῦθα βίου. Ἀγαμέμνων τοῦτο δέ γʼ ἐστὶν τὸ καλὸν σφαλερόν, καὶ τὸ πρότιμον γλυκὺ μέν, λυπεῖ δὲ προσιστάμενον. τοτὲ μὲν τὰ θεῶν οὐκ ὀρθωθέντʼ 25ἀνέτρεψε βίον, τοτὲ δʼ ἀνθρώπων γνῶμαι πολλαὶ καὶ δυσάρεστοι διέκναισαν. Πρεσβύτης οὐκ ἄγαμαι ταῦτʼ ἀνδρὸς ἀριστέως. οὐκ ἐπὶ πᾶσίν σʼ ἐφύτευσʼ ἀγαθοῖς, 30Ἀγάμεμνον, Ἀτρεύς. δεῖ δέ σε χαίρειν καὶ λυπεῖσθαι· θνητὸς γὰρ ἔφυς. κἂν μὴ σὺ θέλῃς, τὰ θεῶν οὕτω βουλόμενʼ ἔσται. σὺ δὲ λαμπτῆρος φάος ἀμπετάσας 35δέλτον τε γράφεις τήνδʼ ἣν πρὸ χερῶν ἔτι βαστάζεις, καὶ ταὐτὰ πάλιν γράμματα συγχεῖς καὶ σφραγίζεις λύεις τʼ ὀπίσω ῥίπτεις τε πέδῳ πεύκην, θαλερὸν 40κατὰ δάκρυ χέων, καὶ τῶν ἀπόρων οὐδενὸς ἐνδεῖς μὴ οὐ μαίνεσθαι. τί πονεῖς; τί νέον περὶ σοί, βασιλεῦ; φέρε κοίνωσον μῦθον ἐς ἡμᾶς. 45πρὸς δʼ ἄνδρʼ ἀγαθὸν πιστόν τε φράσεις· σῇ γάρ μʼ ἀλόχῳ τότε Τυνδάρεως πέμπει φερνὴν συννυμφοκόμον τε δίκαιον.

Agamemnon Old man, come here and stand before my dwelling.

Old man I come; what new schemes now, king Agamemnon?

Agamemnon Will you hurry?

Old man I am hurrying. It is little enough sleep old age allows me and keenly it watches over my eyes.

Agamemnon What can that star be, steering its course there?

Old man Sirius, still shooting over the zenith on his way near the Pleiads’ sevenfold track.

Agamemnon The birds are still at any rate and the sea is calm, hushed are the winds, and silence broods over the Euripus.

Old man Then why are you outside your tent, why so restless, my lord Agamemnon? All is yet quiet here in Aulis, the watch on the walls is not yet astir. Let us go in.

Agamemnon I envy you, old man, yes, and every man who leads a life secure, unknown and unrenowned; but little I envy those in office.

Old man And yet it is there that we place the be-all and end-all of existence.

Agamemnon Yes, but that is where the danger comes; and ambition, sweet though it seems, brings sorrow with its near approach. At one time the unsatisfied claims of the gods upset our life, at another the numerous peevish fancies of our subjects shatter it.

Old man I do not like these sentiments in one who is a chief. It was not to enjoy all blessings that Atreus begot you, Agamemnon; but you must experience joy and sorrow alike, mortal as you are. Even though you like it not, this is what the gods decree. But you, after letting your taper spread its light abroad, write the letter which is still in your hands and then erase the same words again, sealing and reopening the tablet, then flinging it to the ground with floods of tears, and leaving nothing undone in your aimless behavior to stamp you mad. What is it that troubles you? what news is there affecting you, king? Come, share with me your story; you will be telling it to a loyal and trusty heart; for Tyndareus sent me that day to form part of your wife’s dowry and to wait upon the bride with loyalty.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.