Euripides · Electra Ἠλέκτρα

Euripides, Electra 1–53: Prologue: the Peasant tells of Electra's marriage

A Peasant of Argos tells how Agamemnon sailed from the plain of Inachus to Troy and was killed on his return by Aegisthus, who took his wife Clytemnestra. Aegisthus gave Electra, the daughter of Agamemnon, in marriage to the Peasant, who, being poor, has kept his respect for her and has never touched her, and he tells how she works with him in the fields.

Lines 1–53 · 500 words · click a number to copy its link

Peasant

1ὦ γῆς παλαιὸν ἄργος, Ἰνάχου ῥοαί, ὅθεν ποτʼ ἄρας ναυσὶ χιλίαις Ἄρη ἐς γῆν ἔπλευσε Τρῳάδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων ἄναξ. κτείνας δὲ τὸν κρατοῦντʼ ἐν Ἰλιάδι χθονὶ 5Πρίαμον, ἑλών τε Δαρδάνου κλεινὴν πόλιν, ἀφίκετʼ ἐς τόδʼ Ἄργος, ὑψηλῶν δʼ ἐπὶ ναῶν ἔθηκε σκῦλα πλεῖστα βαρβάρων. κἀκεῖ μὲν εὐτύχησεν· ἐν δὲ δώμασι θνῄσκει γυναικὸς πρὸς Κλυταιμήστρας δόλῳ 10καὶ τοῦ Θυέστου παιδὸς Αἰγίσθου χερί. χὣ μὲν παλαιὰ σκῆπτρα Ταντάλου λιπὼν ὄλωλεν, Αἴγισθος δὲ βασιλεύει χθονός, ἄλοχον ἐκείνου Τυνδαρίδα κόρην ἔχων. οὓς δʼ ἐν δόμοισιν ἔλιφʼ ὅτʼ ἐς Τροίαν ἔπλει, 15ἄρσενά τʼ Ὀρέστην θῆλύ τʼ Ἠλέκτρας θάλος, τὸν μὲν πατρὸς γεραιὸς ἐκκλέπτει τροφεὺς μέλλοντʼ Ὀρέστην χερὸς ὑπʼ Αἰγίσθου θανεῖν Στροφίῳ τʼ ἔδωκε Φωκέων ἐς γῆν τρέφειν· ἣ δʼ ἐν δόμοις ἔμεινεν Ἠλέκτρα πατρός, 20ταύτην ἐπειδὴ θαλερὸς εἶχʼ ἥβης χρόνος, μνηστῆρες ᾔτουν Ἑλλάδος πρῶτοι χθονός. δείσας δὲ μή τῳ παῖδʼ ἀριστέων τέκοι Ἀγαμέμνονος ποινάτορʼ, εἶχεν ἐν δόμοις Αἴγισθος οὐδʼ ἥρμοζε νυμφίῳ τινί. 25ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ τοῦτʼ ἦν φόβου πολλοῦ πλέων, μή τῳ λαθραίως τέκνα γενναίῳ τέκοι, κτανεῖν σφε βουλεύσαντος, ὠμόφρων ὅμως μήτηρ νιν ἐξέσῳσεν Αἰγίσθου χερός. ἐς μὲν γὰρ ἄνδρα σκῆψιν εἶχʼ ὀλωλότα, 30παίδων δʼ ἔδεισε μὴ φθονηθείη φόνῳ. ἐκ τῶνδε δὴ τοιόνδʼ ἐμηχανήσατο Αἴγισθος· ὃς μὲν γῆς ἀπηλλάχθη φυγὰς Ἀγαμέμνονος παῖς, χρυσὸν εἶφʼ ὃς ἂν κτάνῃ, ἡμῖν δὲ δὴ δίδωσιν Ἠλέκτραν ἔχειν 35δάμαρτα, πατέρων μὲν Μυκηναίων ἄπο γεγῶσιν — οὐ δὴ τοῦτό γʼ ἐξελέγχομαι· λαμπροὶ γὰρ ἐς γένος γε, χρημάτων δὲ δὴ πένητες, ἔνθεν ηὑγένειʼ ἀπόλλυται — ὡς ἀσθενεῖ δοὺς ἀσθενῆ λάβοι φόβον. 40εἰ γάρ νιν ἔσχεν ἀξίωμʼ ἔχων ἀνήρ, εὕδοντʼ ἂν ἐξήγειρε τὸν Ἀγαμέμνονος φόνον δίκη τʼ ἂν ἦλθεν Αἰγίσθῳ τότε. ἣν οὔποθʼ ἁνὴρ ὅδε — σύνοιδέ μοι Κύπρις — ᾔσχυνεν εὐνῇ· παρθένος δʼ ἔτʼ ἐστὶ δή. 45αἰσχύνομαι γὰρ ὀλβίων ἀνδρῶν τέκνα λαβὼν ὑβρίζειν, οὐ κατάξιος γεγώς. στένω δὲ τὸν λόγοισι κηδεύοντʼ ἐμοὶ ἄθλιον Ὀρέστην, εἴ ποτʼ εἰς Ἄργος μολὼν γάμους ἀδελφῆς δυστυχεῖς ἐσόψεται.

O ancient plain of land, the streams of Inachus, from which king Agamemnon once mounted war on a thousand ships and sailed to the land of Troy. After he had slain Priam, the ruler of Ilium, and captured the famous city of Dardanus, he came here to Argos and set up on the high temples many spoils of the barbarians. And in Troy he was successful; but at home he died by the guile of his wife Clytemnestra and the hand of Aegisthus, son of Thyestes. And he left behind the ancient scepter of Tantalus, and is dead; but Aegisthus rules the land, possessing Agamemnon’s wife, the daughter of Tyndareus. Now as for those whom he left in his house when he sailed to Troy, his son Orestes and his young daughter Electra: when Orestes was about to die at the hand of Aegisthus, his father’s old servant stole him away and gave him to Strophius to bring up in the land of the Phocians. Electra stayed in her father’s house, and when she came to the blooming season of youth, the foremost suitors of the land of Hellas asked for her in marriage. But Aegisthus feared she might bear to some chieftain a son who would avenge Agamemnon, and so he kept her at home and did not betroth her to any bridegroom. When even this filled him with great fear, that she might secretly bear children to some noble lord, Aegisthus planned to kill her, but her mother, although cruel at heart, rescued her from his hand. For she had a pretext for having slain her husband, but she feared that she would be despised for the murder of her children. So then, for these reasons, Aegisthus devised such a scheme: he promised gold to anyone who should kill Agamemnon’s son, who had left the country as an exile, while Electra he gave in marriage to me. My ancestors were Mycenaeans; in that respect at least I am not to blame. My family was noble in race but poor in money—which is the ruin of good birth. He gave her to a powerless man so that his fear might lose its power. For if some man of high position got her, he would have roused the sleeping blood of Agamemnon and judgment would have come at some time to Aegisthus. But I have never (Cypris knows this too) dishonored her in bed; she is still a virgin indeed. I am ashamed to have the daughter of a wealthy man and violate her, when I was not born of equal rank. And I groan for the wretched Orestes, called my kinsman, if he shall ever return to Argos and see the unfortunate marriage of his sister.

Peasant

50ὅστις δέ μʼ εἶναί φησι μῶρον, εἰ λαβὼν νέαν ἐς οἴκους παρθένον μὴ θιγγάνω, γνώμης πονηροῖς κανόσιν ἀναμετρούμενος τὸ σῶφρον ἴστω καὐτὸς αὖ τοιοῦτος ὤν.

And whoever says I am a fool if I do not touch a young girl when I have her in my house, let him know that he measures soundness of mind by worthless standards of judgment, and he himself is a fool.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.