Euripides · Electra Ἠλέκτρα

Euripides, Electra 1051–1110: Exodos: Electra answers her mother

The Chorus says that a woman should yield to her husband in everything, and Electra asks for the frankness that her mother has granted her. She says that her mother and Helen are alike in beauty, and that a mother who killed her husband for a lover, and then lived with him and kept her children away, is no true mother, and that she can say the same of Aegisthus and herself. Clytemnestra says that she regrets the anger against her husband, and asks why Electra is so unwashed and meanly clad.

Lines 1051–1110 · 540 words · click a number to copy its link
Χορός 1051δίκαιʼ ἔλεξας· ἡ δίκη δʼ αἰσχρῶς ἔχει. γυναῖκα γὰρ χρὴ πάντα συγχωρεῖν πόσει, ἥτις φρενήρης· ᾗ δὲ μὴ δοκεῖ τάδε, οὐδʼ εἰς ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἐμῶν ἥκει λόγων. Ἠλέκτρα 1055μέμνησο, μῆτερ, οὓς ἔλεξας ὑστάτους λόγους, διδοῦσα πρὸς σέ μοι παρρησίαν. Κλυταιμήστρα καὶ νῦν γέ φημι κοὐκ ἀπαρνοῦμαι, τέκνον. Ἠλέκτρα ἆρα κλύουσα, μῆτερ, εἶτʼ ἔρξεις κακῶς; Κλυταιμήστρα οὐκ ἔστι, τῇ σῇ δʼ ἡδὺ προσθήσω φρενί.

Chorus Leader Justly spoken, but this justice is shameful. For a woman should yield to her husband in all things, if she has sense; anyone who does not agree does not come within the scope of what I say.

Electra Remember, mother, those last words of yours, giving me frankness towards you.

Clytemnestra I say it again, and I do not deny it, child.

Electra Then will you treat me badly, when you hear it?

Clytemnestra No, no, I will give some pleasure to your heart.

Electra

1060λέγοιμʼ ἄν· ἀρχὴ δʼ ἥδε μοι προοιμίου· εἴθʼ εἶχες, ὦ τεκοῦσα, βελτίους φρένας. τὸ μὲν γὰρ εἶδος αἶνον ἄξιον φέρειν Ἑλένης τε καὶ σοῦ, δύο δʼ ἔφυτε συγγόνω, ἄμφω ματαίω Κάστορός τʼ οὐκ ἀξίω. 1065ἣ μὲν γὰρ ἁρπασθεῖσʼ ἑκοῦσʼ ἀπώλετο, σὺ δʼ ἄνδρʼ ἄριστον Ἑλλάδος διώλεσας, σκῆψιν προτείνουσʼ, ὡς ὑπὲρ τέκνου πόσιν ἔκτεινας· οὐ γάρ σʼ ὡς ἔγωγʼ ἴσασιν εὖ. ἥτις, θυγατρὸς πρὶν κεκυρῶσθαι σφαγάς, 1070νέον τʼ ἀπʼ οἴκων ἀνδρὸς ἐξωρμημένου, ξανθὸν κατόπτρῳ πλόκαμον ἐξήσκεις κόμης. γυνὴ δʼ, ἀπόντος ἀνδρός ἥτις ἐκ δόμων ἐς κάλλος ἀσκεῖ, διάγραφʼ ὡς οὖσαν κακήν. οὐδὲν γὰρ αὐτὴν δεῖ θύρασιν εὐπρεπὲς 1075φαίνειν πρόσωπον, ἤν τι μὴ ζητῇ κακόν. μόνη δὲ πασῶν οἶδʼ ἐγὼ σʼ Ἑλληνίδων, εἰ μὲν τὰ Τρώων εὐτυχοῖ, κεχαρμένην, εἰ δʼ ἥσσονʼ εἴη, συννεφοῦσαν ὄμματα, Ἀγαμέμνονʼ οὐ χρῄζουσαν ἐκ Τροίας μολεῖν. 1080καίτοι καλῶς γε σωφρονεῖν παρεῖχέ σοι· ἄνδρʼ εἶχες οὐ κακίονʼ Αἰγίσθου πόσιν, ὃν Ἑλλὰς αὑτῆς εἵλετο στρατηλάτην· Ἑλένης δʼ ἀδελφῆς τοιάδʼ ἐξειργασμένης ἐξῆν κλέος σοι μέγα λαβεῖν· τὰ γὰρ κακὰ 1085παράδειγμα τοῖς ἐσθλοῖσιν εἴσοψίν τʼ ἔχει. εἰ δʼ, ὡς λέγεις, σὴν θυγατέρʼ ἔκτεινεν πατήρ, ἐγὼ τί σʼ ἠδίκησʼ ἐμός τε σύγγονος; πῶς οὐ πόσιν κτείνασα πατρῴους δόμους ἡμῖν προσῆψας, ἀλλʼ ἐπηνέγκω λέχει 1090τἀλλότρια, μισθοῦ τοὺς γάμους ὠνουμένη; κοὔτʼ ἀντιφεύγει παιδὸς ἀντὶ σοῦ πόσις, οὔτʼ ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ τέθνηκε, δὶς τόσως ἐμὲ κτείνας ἀδελφῆς ζῶσαν. εἰ δʼ ἀμείψεται φόνον δικάζων φόνος, ἀποκτενῶ σʼ ἐγὼ 1095καὶ παῖς Ὀρέστης πατρὶ τιμωρούμενοι· εἰ γὰρ δίκαιʼ ἐκεῖνα, καὶ τάδʼ ἔνδικα.

I will speak, and this is the beginning of my preface: oh, mother, I wish that you had a better heart. For though your beauty, and Helen’s, is worthy to bring you praise, yet you two were born true sisters, both frivolous, not worthy of Castor. She was carried off, willingly ruined; and you have destroyed the bravest man in Greece, putting forward the excuse that you killed a husband for the sake of a child; for they don’t know you so well as I do. You who, before your daughter’s death was decided, as soon as your husband had started from home, were adorning the golden locks of your hair at the mirror. A wife who decks herself out for beauty, when her husband is gone from home—strike her off the list as worthless. There is no need for her to show her pretty face out of doors, unless she is seeking some mischief. Of all the women in Hellas you were the only one I know to be joyful when Troy was fortunate, and with a clouded face when it was weaker, since you did not want Agamemnon to return from Troy. And yet it was in your power to be chaste, and rightly; you had a husband, no worse than Aegisthus, whom Hellas chose to be its commander; and when your sister Helen had done her work, it was possible for you to achieve great fame, for the bad gives a standard of comparison to the good and provides a spectacle. But if, as you say, my father killed your daughter, what is the wrong I and my brother have done you? How was it that after you had killed your husband, you did not assign to us our father’s home, but you brought the goods belonging to another to bed, buying your marriage with wages? And how is it that your husband is not exiled in the place of your son, nor has he died in my place, although he has killed me, alive, twice as much as my sister? If murder, giving judgment, requites murder, your son Orestes and I must kill you to avenge our father. For if that was just, then so is this.

Clytemnestra

1102ὦ παῖ, πέφυκας πατέρα σὸν στέργειν ἀεί· ἔστιν δὲ καὶ τόδʼ· οἳ μέν εἰσιν ἀρσένων, οἳ δʼ αὖ φιλοῦσι μητέρας μᾶλλον πατρός. 1105συγγνώσομαί σοι· καὶ γὰρ οὐχ οὕτως ἄγαν χαίρω τι, τέκνον, τοῖς δεδραμένοις ἐμοί. σὺ δʼ ὧδʼ ἄλουτος καὶ δυσείματος χρόα λεχὼ νεογνῶν ἐκ τόκων πεπαυμένη; οἴμοι τάλαινα τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων· 1110ὡς μᾶλλον ἢ χρῆν ἤλασʼ εἰς ὀργὴν πόσιν.

Child, it was always your nature to love your father. This is what happens: some children are for their fathers, others in turn love their mothers more than a father. I will forgive you; for I do not rejoice so very much at what I have done, child. You, a woman who has just given birth—why is your body so unwashed and meanly clad? Alas for my schemes! I drove on in anger against my husband more than I should have.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.