Sophocles · Electra Ἠλέκτρα

Sophocles, Electra 558–633: Second episode: Electra answers her mother

Electra answers that Agamemnon killed a stag sacred to Artemis and was compelled to sacrifice his daughter for that, and not for Menelaus' sake, so that Clytaemnestra had no right to kill him. She says that her mother did it for her lover, with whom she now has children, while she has cast out Orestes and made Electra a servant. Clytaemnestra threatens her with punishment when Aegisthus returns, and prepares to sacrifice.

Lines 558–633 · 737 words · click a number to copy its link

Electra

558καὶ δὴ λέγω σοι. πατέρα φὴς κτεῖναι. τίς ἂν τούτου λόγος γένοιτʼ ἂν αἰσχίων ἔτι, 560εἴτʼ οὖν δικαίως εἴτε μή; λέξω δέ σοι ὡς οὐ δίκῃ γʼ ἔκτεινας, ἀλλά σʼ ἔσπασεν πειθὼ κακοῦ πρὸς ἀνδρός, ᾧ τανῦν ξύνει. ἐροῦ δὲ τὴν κυναγὸν Ἄρτεμιν, τίνος ποινὰς τὰ πολλὰ πνεύματʼ ἔσχʼ ἐν Αὐλίδι· 565ἢ ʼγὼ φράσω· κείνης γὰρ οὐ θέμις μαθεῖν. πατήρ ποθʼ οὑμός, ὡς ἐγὼ κλύω, θεᾶς παίζων κατʼ ἄλσος ἐξεκίνησεν ποδοῖν στικτὸν κεράστην ἔλαφον, οὗ κατὰ σφαγὰς ἐκκομπάσας ἔπος τι τυγχάνει βαλών. 570κἀκ τοῦδε μηνίσασα Λητῴα κόρη κατεῖχʼ Ἀχαιούς, ὡς πατὴρ ἀντίσταθμον τοῦ θηρὸς ἐκθύσειε τὴν αὑτοῦ κόρην. ὧδʼ ἦν τὰ κείνης θύματʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἦν λύσις ἄλλη στρατῷ πρὸς οἶκον οὐδʼ εἰς Ἴλιον. 575ἀνθʼ ὧν, βιασθεὶς πολλὰ κἀντιβάς, μόλις ἔθυσεν αὐτήν, οὐχὶ Μενέλεω χάριν. εἰ δʼ οὖν, ἐρῶ γὰρ καὶ τὸ σόν, κεῖνον θέλων ἐπωφελῆσαι ταῦτʼ ἔδρα, τούτου θανεῖν χρῆν αὐτὸν οὕνεκʼ ἐκ σέθεν; ποίῳ νόμῳ; 580ὅρα τιθεῖσα τόνδε τὸν νόμον βροτοῖς μὴ πῆμα σαυτῇ καὶ μετάγνοιαν τιθῇς. εἰ γὰρ κτενοῦμεν ἄλλον ἀντʼ ἄλλου, σύ τοι πρώτη θάνοις ἄν, εἰ δίκης γε τυγχάνοις. ἀλλʼ εἰσόρα μὴ σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν τίθης. 585εἰ γὰρ θέλεις, δίδαξον ἀνθʼ ὅτου τανῦν αἴσχιστα πάντων ἔργα δρῶσα τυγχάνεις, ἥτις ξυνεύδεις τῷ παλαμναίῳ, μεθʼ οὗ πατέρα τὸν ἀμὸν πρόσθεν ἐξαπώλεσας, καὶ παιδοποιεῖς, τοὺς δὲ πρόσθεν εὐσεβεῖς 590κἀξ εὐσεβῶν βλαστόντας ἐκβαλοῦσʼ ἔχεις. πῶς ταῦτʼ ἐπαινέσαιμʼ ἄν; ἢ καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐρεῖς ὡς τῆς θυγατρὸς ἀντίποινα λαμβάνεις; αἰσχρῶς δʼ, ἐάν περ καὶ λέγῃς· οὐ γὰρ καλὸν ἐχθροῖς γαμεῖσθαι τῆς θυγατρὸς οὕνεκα. 595ἀλλʼ οὐ γὰρ οὐδὲ νουθετεῖν ἔξεστί σε, ἣ πᾶσαν ἵης γλῶσσαν ὡς τὴν μητέρα κακοστομοῦμεν. καί σʼ ἔγωγε δεσπότιν ἢ μητέρʼ οὐκ ἔλασσον εἰς ἡμᾶς νέμω, ἣ ζῶ βίον μοχθηρόν, ἔκ τε σοῦ κακοῖς 600πολλοῖς ἀεὶ ξυνοῦσα τοῦ τε συννόμου· ὃ δʼ ἄλλος ἔξω, χεῖρα σὴν μόλις φυγών, τλήμων Ὀρέστης δυστυχῆ τρίβει βίον· ὃν πολλὰ δή με σοὶ τρέφειν μιάστορα ἐπῃτιάσω· καὶ τόδʼ, εἴπερ ἔσθενον, 605ἔδρων ἄν, εὖ τοῦτʼ ἴσθι· τοῦδέ γʼ οὕνεκα κήρυσσέ μʼ εἰς ἅπαντας, εἴτε χρῇς κακὴν εἴτε στόμαργον εἴτʼ ἀναιδείας πλέαν. εἰ γὰρ πέφυκα τῶνδε τῶν ἔργων ἴδρις, σχεδόν τι τὴν σὴν οὐ καταισχύνω φύσιν.

Then I will speak. You admit that you killed my father. What statement could be more shameful still than that, whether you did it justly or not? But I will demonstrate to you that you did not justly kill him. No, the persuasion of that wicked man with whom you now sleep dragged you to it. Ask the huntress Artemis what wrong she punished when she stayed the frequent winds at Aulis; or I will tell you, since we may not learn from her. My father, as I have heard, was once hunting in the grove of the goddess, when his footfall flushed a dappled and antlered stag; he shot it, and chanced to make a certain boast concerning its slaughter. Angered by this, Leto’s daughter detained the Greeks so that in requital for the beast’s life my father should sacrifice his own daughter. So it was that she was sacrificed, since the fleet had no other release, neither homeward nor to Troy. For that reason, under fierce constraint and with much resistance, at last he sacrificed her—but it was not for the sake of Menelaus. But suppose—for I will make your own plea—suppose that the motive of his deed was to benefit his brother. Should you have killed him because of that? Under what sort of law? See that by laying down such a law for men, you do not lay down trouble and remorse for yourself. For, if we are to take blood for blood, you surely would be the first to die, if you were to meet with justice. But consider whether this pretext is any excuse at all. For tell me, if you please, what crime it is that you requite by doing the most shameless deeds of all: sharing your bed with that blood-guilty one, with whom you first destroyed my father and now bear his children while you have cast out the earlier born, the pious offspring of a pious marriage? How can I commend these deeds? Or will you claim that this, too, is recompense for your daughter? No, it is a shameful plea, if you so plead, for there is nothing noble in marrying an enemy for a daughter’s sake. But no, I can hardly even admonish you, when your every cry is that I slander my mother. I think, rather, that you are no less a mistress to me than a mother; so lowly is the life that I live, ever beset with miseries come from you and your consort. And your other child, the exile who scarcely escaped your hand, poor Orestes, wastes away his unhappy life. You have often accused me of rearing him to punish your crime, and I would have done so, if I could, you may be sure. As far as he is concerned, you can denounce me to all as disloyal, if you like, or loud-mouthed, or impudent. For if my nature is familiar with such wrongdoings, I hardly bring disgrace upon your nature.

Χορός 610ὁρῶ μένος πνέουσαν· εἰ δὲ σὺν δίκῃ ξύνεστι, τοῦδε φροντίδʼ οὐκέτʼ εἰσορῶ. Κλυταιμνήστρα ποίας δʼ ἐμοὶ δεῖ πρός γε τήνδε φροντίδος, ἥτις τοιαῦτα τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος; ἆρά σοι δοκεῖ 615χωρεῖν ἂν εἰς πᾶν ἔργον αἰσχύνης ἄτερ; Ἠλέκτρα εὖ νυν ἐπίστω τῶνδέ μʼ αἰσχύνην ἔχειν, κεἰ μὴ δοκῶ σοι· μανθάνω δʼ ὁθούνεκα ἔξωρα πράσσω κοὐκ ἐμοὶ προσεικότα. ἀλλʼ ἡ γὰρ ἐκ σοῦ δυσμένεια καὶ τὰ σὰ 620ἔργʼ ἐξαναγκάζει με ταῦτα δρᾶν βίᾳ· αἰσχροῖς γὰρ αἰσχρὰ πράγματʼ ἐκδιδάσκεται. Κλυταιμνήστρα ὦ θρέμμʼ ἀναιδές, ἦ σʼ ἐγὼ καὶ τἄμʼ ἔπη καὶ τἄργα τἀμὰ πόλλʼ ἄγαν λέγειν ποεῖ. Ἠλέκτρα σύ τοι λέγεις νιν, οὐκ ἐγώ· σὺ γὰρ ποεῖς 625τοὔργον· τὰ δʼ ἔργα τοὺς λόγους εὑρίσκεται. Κλυταιμνήστρα ἀλλʼ οὐ μὰ τὴν δέσποιναν Ἄρτεμιν θράσους τοῦδʼ οὐκ ἀλύξεις, εὖτʼ ἂν Αἴγισθος μόλῃ. Ἠλέκτρα ὁρᾷς; πρὸς ὀργὴν ἐκφέρει, μεθεῖσά μοι λέγειν ἃ χρῄζοιμʼ, οὐδʼ ἐπίστασαι κλύειν. Κλυταιμνήστρα 630οὔκουν ἐάσεις οὐδʼ ὑπʼ εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαί μʼ, ἐπειδὴ σοί γʼ ἐφῆκα πᾶν λέγειν; Ἠλέκτρα ἐῶ, κελεύω, θῦε· μηδʼ ἐπαιτιῶ τοὐμὸν στόμʼ, ὡς οὐκ ἂν πέρα λέξαιμʼ ἔτι.

Chorus I see her breathing fury; but whether justice is with her, her concern for this I see no longer.

Clytaemnestra And what manner of concern should I use against her, who has abused her mother like this at her mature age? Do you not think that she would go forward to any deed without shame?

Electra Now be assured that I do feel shame for it, though I seem not to you. I know that my behavior is unsuited to my age and inappropriate. But then the enmity I get from you and your behavior compel me with harsh necessity to do this; for reprehensible deeds are learned from reprehensible examples.

Clytaemnestra You shameless creature! Truly I and my speech and my deeds give you too much to talk about.

Electra The words are yours, not mine; for yours are the deeds, and they find their own expression.

Clytaemnestra Now by our mistress Artemis, you shall not escape the consequences of this audacity once Aegisthus returns.

Electra You see? You are driven to rage and, even though you grant me free speech, you have no patience to listen.

Clytaemnestra Will you not allow me to sacrifice without ominous shouting, when I have permitted you to say anything and everything you wished?

Electra I allow it; I exhort you to it: sacrifice! But do not blame my voice, for I would not say another word.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1894). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Electra, Cambridge University Press, 1894 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.