Sophocles · Electra Ἠλέκτρα

Sophocles, Electra 328–416: First episode (cont.): Chrysothemis warns Electra

Her sister Chrysothemis comes from the house, and Electra blames her for obeying their mother and the murderers of their father. Chrysothemis answers that she has no power to resist, and warns that Aegisthus and Clytaemnestra mean to shut Electra up in an underground cell if she does not stop her mourning. She then says that Clytaemnestra has sent her with libations for the tomb of Agamemnon, out of fear caused by a dream, and Electra asks her to tell it.

Lines 328–416 · 965 words · click a number to copy its link

Chrysothemis

328τίνʼ αὖ σὺ τήνδε πρὸς θυρῶνος ἐξόδοις ἐλθοῦσα φωνεῖς, ὦ κασιγνήτη, φάτιν, 330κοὐδʼ ἐν χρόνῳ μακρῷ διδαχθῆναι θέλεις θυμῷ ματαίῳ μὴ χαρίζεσθαι κενά; καίτοι τοσοῦτόν γʼ οἶδα κἀμαυτήν, ὅτι ἀλγῶ ʼπὶ τοῖς παροῦσιν· ὥστʼ ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμʼ ἂν οἷʼ αὐτοῖς φρονῶ. 335νῦν δʼ ἐν κακοῖς μοι πλεῖν ὑφειμένῃ δοκεῖ, καὶ μὴ δοκεῖν μὲν δρᾶν τι, πημαίνειν δὲ μή· τοιαῦτα δʼ ἄλλα καὶ σὲ βούλομαι ποεῖν. καίτοι τὸ μὲν δίκαιον οὐχ ᾗ ʼγὼ λέγω, ἀλλʼ ᾗ σὺ κρίνεις· εἰ δʼ ἐλευθέραν με δεῖ 340ζῆν, τῶν κρατούντων ἐστὶ πάντʼ ἀκουστέα.

What is this speech of yours, sister, which you have come forth yet again to speak at the public doors? Will you not learn with any lapse of time to end your vain indulgence in futile anger? Yet this much I know—that I myself am saddened by our present circumstances; indeed so much so that, could I find the strength, I would bare my feelings towards them. But now, in these evil times I think it best to navigate with shortened sail so that I may not seem to be on the attack, when I am unable to cause harm. I wish that your own conduct were the same! Nevertheless, right is on the side which you favor, not on that which I advise. But if I am to live the life of the freeborn, those in power must be obeyed in all things.

Electra

341δεινόν γέ σʼ οὖσαν πατρὸς οὗ σὺ παῖς ἔφυς, κείνου λελῆσθαι, τῆς δὲ τικτούσης μέλειν. ἅπαντα γάρ σοι τἀμὰ νουθετήματα κείνης διδακτά, κοὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις. 345ἔπειθʼ ἑλοῦ γε θάτερʼ, ἢ φρονεῖν κακῶς ἢ τῶν φίλων φρονοῦσα μὴ μνήμην ἔχειν· ἥτις λέγεις μὲν ἀρτίως ὡς, εἰ λάβοις σθένος, τὸ τούτων μῖσος ἐκδείξειας ἄν, ἐμοῦ δὲ πατρὶ πάντα τιμωρουμένης 350οὔτε ξυνέρδεις τήν τε δρῶσαν ἐκτρέπεις. οὐ ταῦτα πρὸς κακοῖσι δειλίαν ἔχει; ἐπεὶ δίδαξον, ἢ μάθʼ ἐξ ἐμοῦ, τί μοι κέρδος γένοιτʼ ἂν τῶνδε ληξάσῃ γόων. οὐ ζῶ; κακῶς μέν, οἶδʼ, ἐπαρκούντως δʼ ἐμοί. 355λυπῶ δὲ τούτους, ὥστε τῷ τεθνηκότι τιμὰς προσάπτειν, εἴ τις ἔστʼ ἐκεῖ χάρις. σὺ δʼ ἡμὶν ἡ μισοῦσα μισεῖς μὲν λόγῳ, ἔργῳ δὲ τοῖς φονεῦσι τοῦ πατρὸς ξύνει. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἄν ποτʼ, οὐδʼ εἴ μοι τὰ σὰ 360μέλλοι τις οἴσειν δῶρʼ, ἐφʼ οἷσι νῦν χλιδᾷς, τούτοις ὑπεικάθοιμι· σοὶ δὲ πλουσία τράπεζα κείσθω καὶ περιρρείτω βίος. ἐμοὶ γὰρ ἔστω τοὐμὲ μὴ λυπεῖν μόνον βόσκημα· τῆς σῆς δʼ οὐκ ἐρῶ τιμῆς τυχεῖν, 365οὐδʼ ἂν σύ, σώφρων γʼ οὖσα. νῦν δʼ ἐξὸν πατρὸς πάντων ἀρίστου παῖδα κεκλῆσθαι, καλοῦ τῆς μητρός· οὕτω γὰρ φανεῖ πλείστοις κακή, θανόντα πατέρα καὶ φίλους προδοῦσα σούς.

It is strange, indeed, that you, the daughter of our father from whom you grew, should forget him and instead show concern for your mother! All your admonitions to me have been taught by her; you speak no word of your own. So now take your choice: be imprudent, or be prudent, but forgetful of your friends. You have just said that if could you find the strength, you would show your hatred of them; yet, when I am doing my utmost to avenge our father, you do not work with me, but seek to deflect your sister from her deed. Does this not add cowardice to our miseries? Therefore instruct me, or rather learn from me what gain there might be for me if I ended my lamentation. Am I not now alive? Miserably so, I know, but well enough for me. And I hurt them, and thereby affix an honorable tribute to the dead, in case those in that world can enjoy it and feel gratitude. But you, who tell me of your hatred, hate in word alone, while by your behavior you unite with the murderers of our father. I, however, would never yield to them, not even if one of them were to bring to me the gifts in which you now glory. Let yours be the richly-spread table and superabundant lifestyle. As for me, let my sustenance be only that I do not wound my own conscience—I do not covet such privilege as yours and neither would you, if you had self-control. But now, when you could be called the child of the noblest father among men, be called instead your mother’s daughter, for in this way your corruptness will be evident to the greatest number as you betray your dead father and your true friends.

Χορός 369μηδὲν πρὸς ὀργήν, πρὸς θεῶν· ὡς τοῖς λόγοις 370ἔνεστιν ἀμφοῖν κέρδος, εἰ σὺ μὲν μάθοις τοῖς τῆσδε χρῆσθαι, τοῖς δὲ σοῖς αὕτη πάλιν. Χρυσόθεμις ἐγὼ μέν, ὦ γυναῖκες, ἠθάς εἰμί πως τῶν τῆσδε μύθων· οὐδʼ ἂν ἐμνήσθην ποτέ, εἰ μὴ κακὸν μέγιστον εἰς αὐτὴν ἰὸν 375ἤκουσʼ, ὃ ταύτην τῶν μακρῶν σχήσει γόων. Ἠλέκτρα φέρʼ εἰπὲ δὴ τὸ δεινόν· εἰ γὰρ τῶνδέ μοι μεῖζόν τι λέξεις, οὐκ ἂν ἀντείποιμʼ ἔτι. Χρυσόθεμις ἀλλʼ ἐξερῶ σοι πᾶν ὅσον κάτοιδʼ ἐγώ. μέλλουσι γάρ σʼ, εἰ τῶνδε μὴ λήξεις γόων, 380ἐνταῦθα πέμψειν ἔνθα μή ποθʼ ἡλίου φέγγος προσόψει, ζῶσα δʼ ἐν κατηρεφεῖ στέγῃ χθονὸς τῆσδʼ ἐκτὸς ὑμνήσεις κακά. πρὸς ταῦτα φράζου καί με μή ποθʼ ὕστερον παθοῦσα μέμψῃ· νῦν γὰρ ἐν καλῷ φρονεῖν.

Chorus Away with anger, for the gods’ sake! There is advantage for both of you in what is urged, if you, Electra, would learn to implement her advice, and she, again, yours.

Chrysothemis For my part, friends, I am not at all unaccustomed to her insults, nor would I have mentioned this, if I had not heard that the greatest disaster is now rushing down on her, one which will restrain her from her long mourning.

Electra Come then, name this terror! If you can tell me of anything worse than my present condition, I would resist no more.

Chrysothemis I will tell you all that I know. If you will not cease from your mourning, they intend to send you where you will never look upon the sun’s brilliance, but passing your life in a covered chamber beyond this land’s borders you will make hymns of your calamity. Think on this, and do not blame me later, when you suffer. Now is the time to think wisely.

Ἠλέκτρα 385ἦ ταῦτα δή με καὶ βεβούλευνται ποεῖν; Χρυσόθεμις μάλισθʼ· ὅταν περ οἴκαδʼ Αἴγισθος μόλῃ. Ἠλέκτρα ἀλλʼ ἐξίκοιτο τοῦδέ γʼ οὕνεκʼ ἐν τάχει. Χρυσόθεμις τίνʼ, ὦ τάλαινα, τόνδʼ ἐπηράσω λόγον; Ἠλέκτρα ἐλθεῖν ἐκεῖνον, εἴ τι τῶνδε δρᾶν νοεῖ. Χρυσόθεμις 390ὅπως πάθῃς τί χρῆμα; ποῦ ποτʼ εἶ φρενῶν; Ἠλέκτρα ὅπως ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ὡς προσωτάτω φύγω. Χρυσόθεμις βίου δὲ τοῦ παρόντος οὐ μνείαν ἔχεις; Ἠλέκτρα καλὸς γὰρ οὑμὸς βίοτος ὥστε θαυμάσαι. Χρυσόθεμις ἀλλʼ ἦν ἄν, εἰ σύ γʼ εὖ φρονεῖν ἠπίστασο. Ἠλέκτρα 395μή μʼ ἐκδίδασκε τοῖς φίλοις εἶναι κακήν. Χρυσόθεμις ἀλλʼ οὐ διδάσκω· τοῖς κρατοῦσι δʼ εἰκαθεῖν. Ἠλέκτρα σὺ ταῦτα θώπευʼ· οὐκ ἐμοὺς τρόπους λέγεις. Χρυσόθεμις καλόν γε μέντοι μὴ ʼξ ἀβουλίας πεσεῖν. Ἠλέκτρα πεσούμεθʼ, εἰ χρή, πατρὶ τιμωρούμενοι. Χρυσόθεμις 400πατὴρ δὲ τούτων, οἶδα, συγγνώμην ἔχει. Ἠλέκτρα ταῦτʼ ἐστὶ τἄπη πρὸς κακῶν ἐπαινέσαι. Χρυσόθεμις σὺ δʼ οὐχὶ πείσει καὶ συναινέσεις ἐμοί; Ἠλέκτρα οὐ δῆτα· μή πω νοῦ τοσόνδʼ εἴην κενή. Χρυσόθεμις χωρήσομαί τἄρʼ οἷπερ ἐστάλην ὁδοῦ. Ἠλέκτρα 405ποῖ δʼ ἐμπορεύει; τῷ φέρεις τάδʼ ἔμπυρα; Χρυσόθεμις μήτηρ με πέμπει πατρὶ τυμβεῦσαι χοάς. Ἠλέκτρα πῶς εἶπας; ἦ τῷ δυσμενεστάτῳ βροτῶν; Χρυσόθεμις ὃν ἔκτανʼ αὐτή· τοῦτο γὰρ λέξαι θέλεις. Ἠλέκτρα ἐκ τοῦ φίλων πεισθεῖσα; τῷ τοῦτʼ ἤρεσεν; Χρυσόθεμις 410ἐκ δείματός του νυκτέρου, δοκεῖν ἐμοί; Ἠλέκτρα ὦ θεοὶ πατρῷοι, συγγένεσθέ γʼ ἀλλὰ νῦν. Χρυσόθεμις ἔχεις τι θάρσος τοῦδε τοῦ τάρβους πέρι; Ἠλέκτρα εἴ μοι λέγοις τὴν ὄψιν, εἴποιμʼ ἂν τότε. Χρυσόθεμις ἀλλʼ οὐ κάτοιδα πλὴν ἐπὶ σμικρὸν φράσαι.

Electra Have they in fact decided to do this to me?

Chrysothemis They certainly have, as soon as Aegisthus comes home.

Electra Then for this, may he arrive quickly!

Chrysothemis Troubled girl, what curse are you laying on yourself?

Electra That he may come, if he plans to do any of what you said.

Chrysothemis So that you may suffer? In what way? Where are your wits?

Electra So that I may fly as far as possible from you all.

Chrysothemis Have you no care for the life you lead now?

Electra oh, yes, my life is so wondrously fine.

Chrysothemis It would be, if only you learned good sense.

Electra Do not teach me to betray my friends.

Chrysothemis I do not, but to bend before the strong.

Electra Keep your flattery to yourself; it is not in my character.

Chrysothemis Regardless, it brings no honor to fall through senselessness.

Electra I will fall, if need be, while honoring my father.

Chrysothemis But our father, I know, pardons me for this.

Electra It is for cowards to commend such sentiments.

Chrysothemis So you will not be persuaded to agree with me?

Electra No, indeed; may I not yet be so devoid of intelligence.

Chrysothemis Then I will move on to where I was sent.

Electra And where is it that you go? For whom do you take these offerings to be burned?

Chrysothemis Mother sends me with funeral libations for our father.

Electra What are you saying? For her deadliest enemy?

Chrysothemis Whom she herself killed, no doubt you wanted to say this as well.

Electra What friend persuaded her? Whose idea was it?

Chrysothemis The cause, I think, was fear induced by some vision in the night.

Electra My father’s Gods! Stand with me now at last!

Chrysothemis Do you find something heartening in this terror?

Electra If you would tell me the vision, then I could answer.

Chrysothemis I know no more than a small part of the story.

Electra

415λέγʼ ἀλλὰ τοῦτο· πολλά τοι σμικροὶ λόγοι ἔσφηλαν ἤδη καὶ κατώρθωσαν βροτούς.

Tell me that, anyway; a small tale has often before now tripped men up, or set them upright.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1894). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Electra, Cambridge University Press, 1894 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.