Sophocles · Electra Ἠλέκτρα

Sophocles, Electra 1171–1287: Fourth episode (cont.): the recognition of Orestes

The Chorus try to comfort Electra, and Orestes is so moved by her suffering that he cannot keep his disguise. He asks to take back the urn and tells her that the ashes are not his, and shows her their father's signet ring. Electra greets her brother with joy, and Orestes tells her to keep silent so that no one inside may hear.

Lines 1171–1287 · 1097 words · click a number to copy its link
Χορός 1171θνητοῦ πέφυκας πατρός, Ἠλέκτρα, φρόνει, θνητὸς δʼ Ὀρέστης. ὥστε μὴ λίαν στένε. πᾶσιν γὰρ ἡμῖν τοῦτʼ ὀφείλεται παθεῖν. Ὀρέστης φεῦ φεῦ. τί λέξω; ποῖ λόγων ἀμηχανῶν 1175ἔλθω; κρατεῖν γὰρ οὐκέτι γλώσσης σθένω. Ἠλέκτρα τί δʼ ἔσχες ἄλγος; πρὸς τί τοῦτʼ εἰπὼν κυρεῖς; Ὀρέστης ἦ σὸν τὸ κλεινὸν εἶδος Ἠλέκτρας τόδε; Ἠλέκτρα τόδʼ ἔστʼ ἐκεῖνο, καὶ μάλʼ ἀθλίως ἔχον. Ὀρέστης οἴμοι ταλαίνης ἆρα τῆσδε συμφορᾶς. Ἠλέκτρα 1180οὐ δή ποτʼ, ὦ ξένʼ, ἀμφʼ ἐμοὶ στένεις τάδε; Ὀρέστης ὦ σῶμʼ ἀτίμως κἀθέως ἐφθαρμένον. Ἠλέκτρα οὔτοι ποτʼ ἄλλην ἢ ʼμὲ δυσφημεῖς, ξένε. Ὀρέστης φεῦ τῆς ἀνύμφου δυσμόρου τε σῆς τροφῆς, Ἠλέκτρα τί δή ποτʼ, ὦ ξένʼ, ὧδʼ ἐπισκοπῶν στένεις; Ὀρέστης 1185ὡς οὐκ ἄρʼ ᾔδη τῶν ἐμῶν οὐδὲν κακῶν. Ἠλέκτρα ἐν τῷ διέγνως τοῦτο τῶν εἰρημένων; Ὀρέστης ὁρῶν σε πολλοῖς ἐμπρέπουσαν ἄλγεσιν. Ἠλέκτρα καὶ μὴν ὁρᾷς γε παῦρα τῶν ἐμῶν κακῶν. Ὀρέστης καὶ πῶς γένοιτʼ ἂν τῶνδʼ ἔτʼ ἐχθίω βλέπειν; Ἠλέκτρα 1190ὁθούνεκʼ εἰμὶ τοῖς φονεῦσι σύντροφος Ὀρέστης τοῖς τοῦ; πόθεν τοῦτʼ ἐξεσήμηνας κακόν; Ἠλέκτρα τοῖς πατρός· εἶτα τοῖσδε δουλεύω βίᾳ. Ὀρέστης τίς γάρ σʼ ἀνάγκῃ τῇδε προτρέπει βροτῶν; Ἠλέκτρα μήτηρ καλεῖται, μητρὶ δʼ οὐδὲν ἐξισοῖ. Ὀρέστης 1195τί δρῶσα; πότερα χερσὶν ἢ λύμῃ βίου; Ἠλέκτρα καὶ χερσὶ καὶ λύμαισι καὶ πᾶσιν κακοῖς. Ὀρέστης οὐδʼ οὑπαρήξων οὐδʼ ὁ κωλύσων πάρα; Ἠλέκτρα οὐ δῆθʼ. ὃς ἦν γάρ μοι σὺ προὔθηκας σποδόν. Ὀρέστης ὦ δύσποτμʼ, ὡς ὁρῶν σʼ ἐποικτίρω πάλαι.

Chorus Remember, Electra, you are the child of a mortal father, and Orestes was mortal. Therefore do not grieve too much. Death is a debt which all of us must pay.

Orestes Ah, what shall I say? I am at a loss. To what words can I turn? I no longer have the strength to master my tongue!

Electra What has troubled you? Why did you say that?

Orestes Is this the illustrious form of Electra?

Electra It is, though in a very wretched state.

Orestes What pity, then, for this miserable fortune!

Electra Surely, stranger, you are not saddened like this on my account?

Orestes O frame dishonorably, godlessly wasted!

Electra Those ills of which you speak, stranger, are none other’s than mine.

Orestes Ah, pity for your unwed, ill-fated life!

Electra Why, stranger, do you stare and grieve in this way?

Orestes How I knew nothing, it seems, of my own sorrows!

Electra What that has been said made you realize this?

Orestes It was the sight of you conspicuous in your many sufferings.

Electra And yet you see but a few of my troubles.

Orestes And how could there be any more odious to look on than these?

Electra Because I share house and table with the murderers.

Orestes Whose murderers? Where lies the guilt at which you point?

Electra The murderers of my father. And, further, I am forced to slave for them.

Orestes Who is it that binds you with this compulsion?

Electra She is called my mother, but in no respect is she like a mother.

Orestes How does she do it? By violence or by inflicting hardship?

Electra By violence and hardships and all manner of evil.

Orestes And is there no one to help, or to prevent it?

Electra No one. The one I had, his ashes you have put before me.

Orestes Unfortunate girl, how seeing you stirs my pity!

Ἠλέκτρα 1200μόνος βροτῶν νυν ἴσθʼ ἐποικτίρας ποτέ. Ὀρέστης μόνος γὰρ ἥκω τοῖς ἴσοις ἀλγῶν κακοῖς. Ἠλέκτρα οὐ δή ποθʼ ἡμῖν ξυγγενὴς ἥκεις ποθέν; Ὀρέστης ἐγὼ φράσαιμʼ ἄν, εἰ τὸ τῶνδʼ εὔνουν πάρα. Ἠλέκτρα ἀλλʼ ἐστὶν εὔνουν, ὥστε πρὸς πιστὰς ἐρεῖς. Ὀρέστης 1205μέθες τόδʼ ἄγγος νῦν, ὅπως τὸ πᾶν μάθῃς. Ἠλέκτρα μὴ δῆτα πρὸς θεῶν τοῦτό μʼ ἐργάσῃ, ξένε. Ὀρέστης πείθου λέγοντι κοὐχ ἁμαρτήσει ποτέ. Ἠλέκτρα μή, πρὸς γενείου, μὴ ʼξέλῃ τὰ φίλτατα. Ὀρέστης οὔ φημʼ ἐάσειν. Ἠλέκτρα ὦ τάλαινʼ ἐγὼ σέθεν, 1210Ὀρέστα, τῆς σῆς εἰ στερήσομαι ταφῆς. Ὀρέστης εὔφημα φώνει· πρὸς δίκης γὰρ οὐ στένεις. Ἠλέκτρα πῶς τὸν θανόντʼ ἀδελφὸν οὐ δίκῃ στένω; Ὀρέστης οὔ σοι προσήκει τήνδε προσφωνεῖν φάτιν. Ἠλέκτρα οὕτως ἄτιμός εἰμι τοῦ τεθνηκότος; Ὀρέστης 1215ἄτιμος οὐδενὸς σύ· τοῦτο δʼ οὐχὶ σόν. Ἠλέκτρα εἴπερ γʼ Ὀρέστου σῶμα βαστάζω τόδε; Ὀρέστης ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ὀρέστου, πλὴν λόγῳ γʼ ἠσκημένον. Ἠλέκτρα ποῦ δʼ ἔστʼ ἐκείνου τοῦ ταλαιπώρου τάφος; Ὀρέστης οὐκ ἔστι· τοῦ γὰρ ζῶντος οὐκ ἔστιν τάφος. Ἠλέκτρα 1220πῶς εἶπας, ὦ παῖ; Ὀρέστης ψεῦδος οὐδὲν ὧν λέγω. Ἠλέκτρα ἦ ζῇ γὰρ ἁνήρ; Ὀρέστης εἴπερ ἔμψυχός γʼ ἐγώ. Ἠλέκτρα ἦ γὰρ σὺ κεῖνος; Ὀρέστης τήνδε προσβλέψασά μου σφραγῖδα πατρὸς ἔκμαθʼ εἰ σαφῆ λέγω. Ἠλέκτρα ὦ φίλτατον φῶς. Ὀρέστης φίλτατον, συμμαρτυρῶ. Ἠλέκτρα 1225ὦ φθέγμʼ, ἀφίκου; Ὀρέστης μηκέτʼ ἄλλοθεν πύθῃ, Ἠλέκτρα ἔχω σε χερσίν; Ὀρέστης ὡς τὰ λοίπʼ ἔχοις ἀεί. Ἠλέκτρα ὦ φίλταται γυναῖκες, ὦ πολίτιδες, ὁρᾶτʼ Ὀρέστην τόνδε, μηχαναῖσι μὲν θανόντα, νῦν δὲ μηχαναῖς σεσωσμένον. Χορός 1230ὁρῶμεν, ὦ παῖ, κἀπὶ συμφοραῖσί μοι γεγηθὸς ἕρπει δάκρυον ὀμμάτων ἄπο.

Electra Then know that you are the first who ever pitied me.

Orestes Yes, for I alone have come and been pained by your troubles.

Electra Surely you are not some unknown kinsman?

Orestes I would tell you, if these women bear you goodwill.

Electra Indeed they do, so you will speak to trustworthy companions.

Orestes Give up this urn, then, and you shall know everything.

Electra No, by the gods, do not do this to me, stranger!

Orestes Do as I say, and you will never be mistaken.

Electra No, I beg you, do not rip from me what I hold most dear!

Orestes You must not keep it.

Electra Ah, what misery I will have because of you, Orestes, if I am robbed of your burial!

Orestes Hush! No ill-omened words! You have no right to grieve.

Electra How is it not right for me to grieve for my dead brother?

Orestes It is not proper for you to speak of him as you do.

Electra Am I so without rights in the dead?

Orestes You are without rights in nothing; but this burial is not your concern.

Electra Yes it is, if these are the remains of Orestes that I hold.

Orestes They are not his, except inasmuch as fiction alone contrives to make them so.

Electra And where is that sufferer’s tomb?

Orestes There is none; the living have no tomb.

Electra What are you saying, boy?

Orestes Nothing that is untrue.

Electra The man is alive?

Orestes If there is life in me.

Electra What? Are you he?

Orestes Look at this signet, once our father’s, and know if I speak the truth.

Electra O blissful day!

Orestes Blissful, I am your witness!

Electra Is this your voice?

Orestes Hear it from no other.

Electra Do I hold you in my arms?

Orestes May you hold me so always hereafter!

Electra Ah, dear friends and fellow-citizens, see Orestes here, who was dead by design, and now by design has come safely home!

Chorus We see him, daughter, and for this happy turn of fortune a tear of joy trickles from our eyes.

Ἠλέκτρα 1232ἰὼ γοναί, γοναὶ σωμάτων ἐμοὶ φιλτάτων, ἐμόλετʼ ἀρτίως, 1235ἐφηύρετʼ, ἤλθετʼ, εἴδεθʼ οὓς ἐχρῄζετε. Ὀρέστης πάρεσμεν· ἀλλὰ σῖγʼ ἔχουσα πρόσμενε. Ἠλέκτρα τί δʼ ἔστιν; Ὀρέστης σιγᾶν ἄμεινον, μή τις ἔνδοθεν κλύῃ. Ἠλέκτρα ἀλλʼ οὐ μὰ τὴν ἄδμητον αἰὲν Ἄρτεμιν, 1240τόδε μὲν οὔ ποτʼ ἀξιώσω τρέσαι, περισσὸν ἄχθος ἔνδον γυναικῶν ὂν αἰεί. Ὀρέστης ὅρα γε μὲν δὴ κἀν γυναιξὶν ὡς Ἄρης ἔνεστιν· εὖ δʼ ἔξοισθα πειραθεῖσά που. Ἠλέκτρα 1245ὀτοτοτοτοῖ τοτοῖ, ἀνέφελον ἐνέβαλες οὔ ποτε καταλύσιμον, οὐδέ ποτε λησόμενον ἁμέτερον 1250οἷον ἔφυ κακόν. Ὀρέστης ἔξοιδα, παῖ, ταῦτʼ· ἀλλʼ ὅταν παρουσία φράζῃ, τότʼ ἔργων τῶνδε μεμνῆσθαι χρεών.

Electra O seed, seed of the person to me most dear, you have just now come, you have come, and have found and seen her whom your heart desired!

Orestes I am with you; but keep silence and wait.

Electra What do you mean?

Orestes It is better to be silent so that no one inside may hear.

Electra No, by ever-virgin Artemis, I will never think it right to tremble before eternally house-bound women, that useless burden on the ground!

Orestes Yes, but remember that Ares dwells in women, too. You know this well by experience, I believe.

Electra oh, no! ah, me! You have reminded me of my sorrow, one which by its nature cannot be veiled, cannot be done away with, cannot be forgotten!

Orestes I know this, too; but when occasion prompts, we must recall those crimes.

Ἠλέκτρα 1253ὁ πᾶς ἐμοί, ὁ πᾶς ἂν πρέποι παρὼν ἐννέπειν 1255τάδε δίκᾳ χρόνος· μόλις γὰρ ἔσχον νῦν ἐλεύθερον στόμα. Ὀρέστης ξύμφημι κἀγώ· τοιγαροῦν σῴζου τόδε. Ἠλέκτρα τί δρῶσα; Ὀρέστης οὗ μή ʼστι καιρὸς μὴ μακρὰν βούλου λέγειν. Ἠλέκτρα 1260τίς οὖν ἂν ἀξίαν γε σοῦ πεφηνότος μεταβάλοιτʼ ἂν ὧδε σιγὰν λόγων; ἐπεί σε νῦν ἀφράστως ἀέλπτως τʼ ἐσεῖδον. Ὀρέστης τότʼ εἶδες, εὖτε θεοί μʼ ἐπώτρυναν μολεῖν 1265[…] Ἠλέκτρα ἔφρασας ὑπερτέραν τᾶς πάρος ἔτι χάριτος, εἴ σε θεὸς ἐπόρισεν ἁμέτερα πρὸς μέλαθρα· δαιμόνιον 1270αὐτὸ τίθημʼ ἐγώ. Ὀρέστης τὰ μέν σʼ ὀκνῶ χαίρουσαν εἰργαθεῖν, τὰ δὲ δέδοικα λίαν ἡδονῇ νικωμένην.

Electra Each moment of all time, as it comes, would be a proper occasion for me to make these just complaints. Scarcely now have I had my lips set free.

Orestes Yes, I agree; therefore guard your freedom.

Electra What must I do?

Orestes When it is inopportune, do not want to speak too much.

Electra No, who could exchange due silence for speech, when you have appeared? For now my eyes have seen you, beyond all thought and hope!

Orestes You saw me when the gods moved me to come. […]

Electra You have told me of a grace higher still than the first, if a god brought you to our house; I acknowledge in it the work of the divine.

Orestes On the one hand I hesitate to curb your gladness, but on the other I fear that you may be overwhelmed by too much joy.

Ἠλέκτρα 1273ἰὼ χρόνῳ μακρῷ φιλτάταν ὁδὸν ἐπαξιώσας ὧδέ μοι φανῆναι, 1275μή τί με, πολύπονον ὧδʼ ἰδὼν Ὀρέστης τί μὴ ποήσω; Ἠλέκτρα μή μʼ ἀποστερήσῃς τῶν σῶν προσώπων ἁδονὰν μεθέσθαι. Ὀρέστης ἦ κάρτα κἂν ἄλλοισι θυμοίμην ἰδών. Ἠλέκτρα 1280ξυναινεῖς; Ὀρέστης τί μὴν οὔ; Ἠλέκτρα ὦ φίλαι, ἔκλυον ἃν ἐγὼ οὐδʼ ἂν ἤλπισʼ αὐδάν, οὐδʼ ἂν ἔσχον ὁρμὰν ἄναυδον οὐδὲ σὺν βοᾷ κλύουσα, 1285τάλαινα. νῦν δʼ ἔχω σε· προυφάνης δὲ φιλτάταν ἔχων πρόσοψιν, ἇς ἐγὼ οὐδʼ ἂν ἐν κακοῖς λαθοίμαν.

Electra O you who, after such a long time, saw fit to make your most happy journey and appear to me, do not, now that you have seen me in all my misery—

Orestes What should I not do?—

Electra —Do not rob me of the comfort of your face; do not force me to forego it!

Orestes I would be angry, indeed, if I saw another attempt it.

Electra You give your consent?

Orestes Why would I not?

Electra My friends, I heard a voice that I could never have hoped to hear; nor could I have restrained my emotion in silence and without a cry, when I heard it. ah, me! But now I have you. You have appeared with that dear face, which I could never, even in misery, forget.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1894). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Electra, Cambridge University Press, 1894 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.