Sophocles · Electra Ἠλέκτρα

Sophocles, Electra 86–153: Parodos: Electra's lament and the Chorus

Electra, alone in front of the palace, cries out to the light and the air that she mourns her father every night and every day, and calls on the gods below and the Erinyes to send her brother. The Chorus of Mycenaean women ask why she wastes away in grief for Agamemnon, and tell her that weeping will not bring him back from Hades. She answers that it would be foolish to forget a murdered parent, and compares herself to the nightingale mourning Itys and to Niobe weeping in her rocky tomb.

Lines 86–153 · 465 words · click a number to copy its link

Electra

86ὦ φάος ἁγνὸν καὶ γῆς ἰσόμοιρʼ ἀήρ, ὥς μοι πολλὰς μὲν θρήνων ᾠδάς, πολλὰς δʼ ἀντήρεις ᾔσθου 90στέρνων πληγὰς αἱμασσομένων, ὁπόταν δνοφερὰ νὺξ ὑπολειφθῇ· τὰ δὲ παννυχίδων ἤδη στυγεραὶ ξυνίσασʼ εὐναὶ μογερῶν οἴκων, ὅσα τὸν δύστηνον ἐμὸν θρηνῶ 95πατέρʼ, ὃν κατὰ μὲν βάρβαρον αἶαν φοίνιος Ἄρης οὐκ ἐξένισεν, μήτηρ δʼ ἡμὴ χὠ κοινολεχὴς Αἴγισθος ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι σχίζουσι κάρα φονίῳ πελέκει, 100κοὐδεὶς τούτων οἶκτος ἀπʼ ἄλλης ἢ ʼμοῦ φέρεται, σοῦ, πάτερ, οὕτως αἰκῶς οἰκτρῶς τε θανόντος.

O you pure sunlight, and you air, light’s equal partner over earth, how often have you heard the chords of my laments and the thudding blows against this bloodied breast at the time of gloomy night’s leaving off! My accursed bed in that house of suffering there knows well already how I observe my night-long rites—how often I bewail my miserable father, whom bloody Ares did not welcome with deadly gifts in a foreign land, but my mother and her bedfellow Aegisthus split his head with murderous axe, just as woodmen chop an oak. And for this crime no pitying cry bursts from any lips but mine, when you, Father, have died a death so cruel and so deserving of pity!

Electra

103ἀλλʼ οὐ μὲν δὴ λήξω θρήνων στυγερῶν τε γόων, 105ἔστʼ ἂν παμφεγγεῖς ἄστρων ῥιπάς, λεύσσω δὲ τόδʼ ἦμαρ, μὴ οὐ τεκνολέτειρʼ ὥς τις ἀηδὼν ἐπὶ κωκυτῷ τῶνδε πατρῴων πρὸ θυρῶν ἠχὼ πᾶσι προφωνεῖν. 110ὦ δῶμʼ Ἀΐδου καὶ Περσεφόνης, ὦ χθόνιʼ Ἑρμῆ καὶ πότνιʼ Ἀρὰ σεμναί τε θεῶν παῖδες Ἐρινύες, αἳ τοὺς ἀδίκως θνῄσκοντας ὁρᾶθʼ, αἳ τοὺς εὐνὰς ὑποκλεπτομένους, 115ἔλθετʼ, ἀρήξατε, τίσασθε πατρὸς φόνον ἡμετέρου, καί μοι τὸν ἐμὸν πέμψατʼ ἀδελφόν· μούνη γὰρ ἄγειν οὐκέτι σωκῶ 120λύπης ἀντίρροπον ἄχθος.

But never will I end from cries and bitter lamentation, while I look on the stars’ glistening flashes or on this light of day. No, like the nightingale, slayer of her offspring, I will wail without ceasing, and cry aloud to all here at the doors of my father. O House of Hades and Persephone! O Hermes of the shades! O potent Curse, and you fearsome daughters of the gods, the Erinyes, who take note when a life is unjustly taken, when a marriage-bed is thievishly dishonored, come, help me, bring vengeance for the murder of my father and send me my brother. I no longer have the strength to hold up alone against the load of grief that crushes me.

Χορός 121ὦ παῖ, παῖ δυστανοτάτας Ἠλέκτρα ματρός, τίνʼ ἀεὶ τάκεις ὧδʼ ἀκόρεστον οἰμωγὰν τὸν πάλαι ἐκ δολερᾶς ἀθεώτατα 125ματρὸς ἁλόντʼ ἀπάταις Ἀγαμέμνονα κακᾷ τε χειρὶ πρόδοτον; ὡς ὁ τάδε πορὼν ὄλοιτʼ, εἴ μοι θέμις τάδʼ αὐδᾶν. Ἠλέκτρα ὦ γενέθλα γενναίων, 130ἥκετʼ ἐμῶν καμάτων παραμύθιον. οἶδά τε καὶ ξυνίημι τάδʼ, οὔ τί με φυγγάνει, οὐδʼ ἐθέλω προλιπεῖν τόδε, μὴ οὐ τὸν ἐμὸν στενάχειν πατέρʼ ἄθλιον. ἀλλʼ ὦ παντοίας φιλότητος ἀμειβόμεναι χάριν, 135ἐᾶτέ μʼ ὧδʼ ἀλύειν, αἰαῖ, ἱκνοῦμαι.

Chorus Ah, Electra, child of a most wretched mother, why are you always wasting away in this unsated mourning for Agamemnon, who long ago was godlessly ensnared in your false mother’s wiles and betrayed by her corrupt hand? May the one who did that perish, if I may speak such a curse without breaking the gods’ laws.

Electra Ah, noble-hearted girls, you have come to relieve me in my troubles. I know and feel it: it does not escape me. Still I cannot leave this task undone, nor abandon this mourning for my poor father. Ah, friends whose love responds to mine in every mood, allow me to rave as I am, oh, please, I beg you!

Χορός 137ἀλλʼ οὔτοι τόν γʼ ἐξ Ἀΐδα παγκοίνου λίμνας πατέρʼ ἀν- στάσεις οὔτε γόοισιν οὔτʼ εὐχαῖς. 140ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ τῶν μετρίων ἐπʼ ἀμήχανον ἄλγος ἀεὶ στενάχουσα διόλλυσαι, ἐν οἷς ἀνάλυσίς ἐστιν οὐδεμία κακῶν. τί μοι τῶν δυσφόρων ἐφίει; Ἠλέκτρα νήπιος ὃς τῶν οἰκτρῶς 145οἰχομένων γονέων ἐπιλάθεται. ἀλλʼ ἐμέ γʼ ἁ στονόεσσʼ ἄραρεν φρένας, ἃ Ἴτυν, αἰὲν Ἴτυν ὀλοφύρεται, ὄρνις ἀτυζομένα, Διὸς ἄγγελος. 150ἰὼ παντλάμων Νιόβα, σὲ δʼ ἔγωγε νέμω θεόν, ἅτʼ ἐν τάφῳ πετραίῳ αἰεὶ δακρύεις. Χορός οὔτοι σοὶ μούνᾳ, τέκνον,

Chorus But never by weeping nor by prayer will you resurrect your father from the pool of Hades which receives all men. No, by grieving without end and beyond due limits you will find cureless misery and your own ruin; in these actions there is no deliverance from evils. Tell us, why do you pursue such suffering?

Electra Foolish is the child who forgets a parent’s piteous death. No, closer to my heart is the mourner who eternally wails, Itys, Itys, that bird mad with grief, the messenger of Zeus. Ah, all-suffering Niobe, you I count divine, since you weep forever in your rocky tomb!

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1894). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Electra, Cambridge University Press, 1894 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.